March 19, 1910: U.S. House of Representatives curtails Speaker's powersMarch 1–4, 1910: Deadliest avalanche in U.S. history (pictured) followed by deadliest avalanche in Canadian historyMarch 17, 1910: Smithsonian Museum of Natural History opens
The following events occurred in March 1910:
March 1, 1910 (Tuesday)
The Wellington, Washington avalanche, the deadliest in American history, killed 96 people, mostly railroad passengers who had been stranded by snow since February 24. Two different Great Northern Railway trains, on their way from Spokane to Seattle, had been halted at Stevens Pass by heavy snowfall. Shortly after 1:00 a.m., a violent thunderstorm triggered the slide, which tossed the trains down into a 150-foot-deep (46 m) canyon.[1]
U.S. Army Lieutenant Benjamin Foulois became the first American military airplane pilot when he made a solo flight of the Wright Military Flyer near Fort Sam Houston at 9:30 a.m. Although Army Lts. Frederick E. Humphreys and Frank P. Lahm had both made solo flights in 1909 following instruction by the Wright brothers, the flight by Lt. Foulois followed the transport, repair and re-assembly of the Wright Military Flyer by Army personnel at the fort near San Antonio.[5]
Plans to create the Rockefeller Foundation began after John D. Rockefeller, Jr., asked Congress to issue a charter for a tax-deductible organization with a mission "to promote the well-being and advance the civilization of the peoples of the world, to disseminate knowledge, and to prevent and relieve suffering".[3][6]
Thirty-seven men were killed in the explosion of a powder magazine at the Treadwell mine in Alaska.[3]
March 3, 1910 (Thursday)
Morocco signed accords with France in Paris, permitting the French to occupy Casablanca and Oujda in return for military training, as part of refinancing of loans.[7]
Stock in Sears began trading on the New York Stock Exchange.[8]
The city of Jayapura, Indonesia, was founded in the Dutch East Indies as Hollandia
March 8, 1910 (Tuesday)
Mme. Laroche
In France Madame Raymonde de Laroche was awarded pilot's license #36 by the Federation Aeronautique Internationale, becoming the first woman to be authorized to fly an airplane.[13]
March 9, 1910 (Wednesday)
Mme. Ekaterina Breshkovskaya, 66, sometimes referred to as the "Grandmother of the Russian Revolution" was convicted on charges of conspiracy and sentenced to exile in Siberia, but her co-defendant Nikolai Tchaikovsky was acquitted.[3]
In Denver, The Shwayder Trunk Manufacturing Company began producing luggage and is still one of the largest suitcase makers in the world. In 1916, Jesse Shwayder introduced a suitcase so strong that he named it for the Biblical Samson, and in 1919, the name changed to the more famous Samsonite.[14]
A typhoon in Japan struck at the Chiba and Ibaraki prefectures, destroying 84 boats and killing more than 1,100 people, mostly fishermen. Full details reached the West three weeks later.[15]
Film actress Florence Lawrence became "the first movie star", after movie mogul Carl Laemmle of Independent Moving Pictures (I.M.P.) announced in advertisements that he had signed the leading lady who had only been billed as "The Biograph Girl" by Biograph Studios. Until then, movie studios had a policy of not releasing the names of their players, and prohibiting distributors from revealing the information. Lawrence's first I.M.P. release was The Broken Oath.[16]
Shortly after 8:00 p.m., the Lakeview Number 1 drilling rig, located between Taft and Maricopa, California, struck oil at a depth of 2,440 feet (740 m). Moments later, a column of oil 20 feet (6.1 m) in diameter erupted. The Lakeview Gusher was the largest in United States history, producing nine million barrels (378,000,000 gallons) of crude oil in eighteen months.[19]
March 15, 1910 (Tuesday)
The Prince Regent of China issued an edict setting a five-year period to "educate the people" before elections would be allowed.[3]
France's Chamber of Deputies voted favorably on a confidence motion.[3]
President Taft asked Congress to consider taking charge of islands in the Bering Sea in order to protect the seal populations there from extinction.[3]
The Diet of Prussia passed a suffrage bill, 238-168.[3]
Speaker Cannon
Joe Cannon, the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, had an order overruled for the first time by his fellow Congressmen, under new rules that curtailed the authority of the Speaker. The House voted 163-111 to set aside one of Cannon's decisions.[23]
In London, the House of Lords passed, without division, Lord Rosebery's motion to follow the resolution of the House of Commons to reform the upper House's power.[26]
March 18, 1910 (Friday)
The first controlled airplane flight in Australia took place, by a daredevil pilot who was more famous as a magician. Harry Houdini was also an aviator. At Diggers Rest, Victoria, near Melbourne, Houdini took to the air on two flights, staying aloft for more than five minutes and reaching an altitude of 100 feet (30 m) on his second flight. George A. Taylor is credited with taking an airplane aloft at Narrabeen, N.S.W. on December 5, 1909, and some accounts credit Fred Custance's controlled flight of March 17, 1910 at Bolivar, South Australia, as the first.[27][28]
The Pipe of Desire by Frederick Converse, the first American-written and produced opera to be performed at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City, premiered.[29]
In response to threats in California to bar Japanese ownership of land there, Japan's lower house passed a resolution barring foreigners from owning land unless the foreign government granted similar rights to Japanese citizens.[3]
At St. Petersburg, Russia and Austria-Hungary signed an agreement to restore full diplomatic relations.[3]
Four-wheel brakes were first patented by Henri Perrot and John Meredith Rubury.[30]
Officials in Philadelphia announced discovery of a fragment of a tablet believed to date back to 2100 B.C., and containing an account of the Deluges.[3]
U.S. Representative George W. Norris of Nebraska introduced a resolution that significantly reduced the power of the Speaker of the House, Joe Cannon, and his Rules Committee, had held over what legislation would come up for a vote. With some clever parliamentary maneuvering, Congressman Norris brought a resolution that created a ten-member, bipartisan Rules Committee, selected by the representatives, and without Cannon as a member. The resolution passed, 191-156 and ended, as Norris put it, "the long dynasty of the all-powerful Speaker".[31]
The first clinic for treatment of occupational diseases was opened in Italy, at Milan. The first in the United States would be established in 1915.[34]
A train derailment killed forty-seven people at Gladbrook, Iowa. Trains No. 10 and No. 21 of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific had been consolidated and were running at 30 miles per hour (48 km/h) when the locomotive struck a spread rail.[36][37]
Died: Gaspard-Félix Tournachon, 89, French photographer who was more popularly known as "Nadar".
March 22, 1910 (Tuesday)
Fire destroyed the main building at Texas Christian University, located at that time in Waco. After the disaster, the city of Fort Worth offered the trustees fifty acres of land on which to build a new campus, and "T.C.U." moved to its current location.[38]
William H. Taft, as President of the United States, made what has been described as "the most dramatic event in the history of arbitration in the prewar years"[39] giving an American endorsement in favor of creating a "World Court" for the resolution of disputes between nations.
The British House of Lords passed a reform resolution, declaring that possession of a peerage was not a right of entitlement to membership in the House.[40]
March 23, 1910 (Wednesday)
A rebellion by Rif tribesmen in Spanish Morocco was finally suppressed after 8 months. During the conflict, an estimated 8,000 Berbers and 2,000 Spanish soldiers were killed.[41]
Hind Swaraj, a pamphlet by Mohandas K. Gandhi advocating disobedience to British rule in India, was banned by colonial authorities upon recommendation by Sir H.A. Stuart.[43]
A fire at the Fish Furniture Store in Chicago killed 16 employees, mostly women and girls, who had been trapped on the fourth and fifth floors. A clerk at the store said that he had accidentally set the blaze while filling pocket cigarette lighters with benzene as directed by his boss.[45]
A fire during a barn-dance in Ököritófülpös, Hungary, killed 312 people. The ballroom was decorated with pine branches and lanterns, and one of the branches caught fire.[49]
Eight sailors were killed and three injured by the explosion of a gun on the battle cruiser USS Charleston.[40]
U.S. First Lady Helen Taft and the wife of Japan's Ambassador to the United States, the Viscountess Chinda, planted two cherry blossoms in Washington D.C., the first of many that would grace the American capital. After the first gift of trees in 1909 proved to be unsuitable, a full array of blossoms would be planted in 1912.[50]
The largest beryl (aquamarine) crystal ever found was discovered by a miner at Marambaya, in Minas Gerais state of Brazil. It weighed 110.5 kg (244 lb), and was 40–48 cm (15.5–19 in) in diameter, and was transparent.[52]
Born:Jimmie Dodd, American TV personality, host of The Mickey Mouse Club from 1955 to 1959; in Cincinnati (d. 1964)
Died:David J. Brewer, 73, U.S. Supreme Court Justice since 1889
March 29, 1910 (Tuesday)
The Pennsylvania Railroad granted a 6% increase in pay for all employees earning less than $300 a month, followed the next day by a similar raise by the Pennsylvania & Reading Railroad.[40]
The men of the city of Georgetown, Washington voted 389-238 in favor of bringing their municipality to an end by its annexation to Seattle.[53]
March 30, 1910 (Wednesday)
President Taft signed proclamations granting minimum tariff rates to Canada and Australia, concluding a month of lowering tariff rates to all nations with whom the United States had diplomatic relations.[40]
The city of Stoke-on-Trent was created by the merger of six English towns: Tunstall, Burslem, Stoke, Fenton, Longton and Hanley.[55]
In a dispute over wage demands, 300,000 bituminous coal miners walked out on strike.[40]
The Australian-based White Star Line steamer S.S. Pericles sank within three hours after striking a rock near Cape Leeuwin. All passengers and crew were rescued, but the ship remained lost until 1957.[56]
The Senate of France approved a program of compulsory old-age insurance by a majority of 560-4, days after the National Assembly had voted in favor of it 280-3. The new law took effect on April 5.[57]
^Edgar Haine, Railroad Wrecks (Cornwall Books, 1993), p73; Gary Krist, The White Cascade: The Great Northern Railway Disaster and America's Deadliest Avalanche (Henry Holt & Co., 2007); "Snowslides Snuff Out Lives of 59 in Mountain Ranges", Indianapolis Star, March 2, 1910, p1
^"Brazil", in The New International Yearbook 1911 p112
^ abcdefghijkl"Record of Current Events", The American Monthly Review of Reviews (April 1910), pp418-422
^Bulletin of the International Bureau of the American Republics (April, 1910)
^James B. Roberts and Alexander G. Skutt, The Boxing Register: International Boxing Hall of Fame Official Record Book, 4th Ed. (McBooks Press, 2006), pp92-93
^"NEW BANTAM CHAMPION". The Sun. No. 1234. New South Wales, Australia. 11 June 1914. p. 8 (FINAL EXTRA). Retrieved 27 December 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
^Eileen F. Lebow, Before Amelia: Women Pilots in the Early Days of Aviation (Brassey's, Inc., 2002), p14
^Richard E. Wood, Here Lies Colorado: Fascinating Figures in Colorado History (Farcountry Press, 2005), p173
^"Boats Full of Dead", Nebraska State Journal, April 1, 1910, p1
^David Robinson, From Peep Show to Palace: The Birth of American Film (Columbia University Press, 1996), pp159-161
^"Berlin Easy for the Wanderers", Lethbridge (Alberta) Herald, March 14, 1910, p7
^Jaywant D. Joglekar, Veer Savarkar: Father of Hindu Nationalism (Lulu.com, 2006), p69
^"Rosebery's Motion Accepted By Lords", Winnipeg Free Press, March 18, 1910, p1
^Hernan, Brian (2007). Forgotten Flyer: The Story of Charles William Snook and other Pioneer Aviators in Western Australia. Tangee Publishing. pp. 4–5.
^"Power Wrested From Cannon, He Is Retained As Servant Where He Was Almost Czar", The Des Moines News, March 20, 1910, p1; "Cannonism Is Crushed", San Antonio Light and Gazette, March 20, 1910, p1; "Committee on Rules: A History"Archived 2008-07-30 at the Wayback Machine, U.S. House of Representatives website
^"Fuller Acts As Arbiter", Indianapolis Star, March 21, 1910, p1
^Fielding H. Garrison, M.D. An Introduction to the History of Medicine: With Medical Chronology, Suggestions for Study and Bibliographic Data (W.B. Saunders Co., 1917. p775
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