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The last duke of Lorraine was Stanislaus I, the former king of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. A devout Catholic, an author and a philanthropist, Stanislaus had a church built and several follies in his gardens for the amusement and education of visiting Polish and Lithuanian nobility and followers of the Enlightenment. The more famous visitors to his court were Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, André Morellet, and Montesquieu. After the death of his father-in-law in 1766, Louis XV of France annexed the duchy and turned the castle into a barracks, but much of the original construction has survived, and what remains is open to the public and the château's intricate parterre gardens, designed by Yves Hours (a pupil of André Le Nôtre) in 1711 and Louis de Nesle in 1724, are a public park today.
Another treaty, signed in Germany, was the Treaty of Frankfurt (1871). It made Lunéville into a border town that attracted people from Alsace and Moselle who relocated to keep their French nationality. A new period of economic prosperity, known as the Belle Époque, restored some of the glory of Stanislas's ducal court of the 18th century.
Industry
Lunéville faience was made famous for its widely copied collectable figurines mostly designed by Paul-Louis Cyfflé. This group is from 1770-1780, Sèvres museum collection.
Lunéville faience, a kind of unglazed faience produced from 1723 at Lunéville by Jacques Chambrette, became the Manufacture Royale du Roi de Pologne (“Royal Factory of the King of Poland”) after Stanislaus sponsored it in 1749. The earthenware first became famous for its detailed figurines and in the 20th century for its art deco designs, and it still exists today as "Terres d'Est".[5]
In 1858, the glass factory of Croismare was built. It became famous when the Müller brothers settled there in 1897 and began creating Art Deco glass designs.
Louis Ferry-Bonnechaux discovered a technique using beads and sequins on embroidery in 1865. His craft was widely copied and became known as Lunéville Point, and its heritage can still be seen in modern haute couture.
A subsidiary of the Dietrich company, Lorraine-Dietrich moved to Lunéville after the 1871 treaty of Frankfurt. Today it is known for its trailers, but it started off as a manufacturer of cars and railway equipment.
Demographics
The population of Lunéville in 2019 was 17,867.
Historical population
Year
Pop.
±% p.a.
1793
11,691
—
1800
10,436
−1.61%
1806
11,555
+1.71%
1821
11,247
−0.18%
1831
12,378
+0.96%
1836
12,798
+0.67%
1841
12,285
−0.81%
1846
12,278
−0.01%
1851
12,476
+0.32%
1856
15,301
+4.17%
1861
15,528
+0.29%
1872
12,369
−2.05%
1876
16,041
+6.71%
1881
18,136
+2.49%
1886
20,500
+2.48%
1891
21,542
+1.00%
1896
22,599
+0.96%
1901
23,269
+0.59%
Year
Pop.
±% p.a.
1906
24,266
+0.84%
1911
25,587
+1.07%
1921
24,366
−0.49%
1926
23,263
−0.92%
1931
24,668
+1.18%
1936
23,665
−0.83%
1946
20,377
−1.48%
1954
22,690
+1.35%
1962
21,618
−0.60%
1968
23,177
+1.17%
1975
22,709
−0.29%
1982
21,468
−0.80%
1990
20,711
−0.45%
1999
20,200
−0.28%
2007
20,078
−0.08%
2012
19,855
−0.22%
2017
18,287
−1.63%
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