January 5–6, 2025 United States blizzard

January 5–6, 2025 United States blizzard
Satellite image of the blizzard over the High Plains on January 5
Meteorological history
FormedJanuary 3, 2025
Exited landJanuary 7, 2025
DissipatedCurrently active
Blizzard
Lowest pressure980 hPa (mbar); 28.94 inHg
Maximum snowfall or ice accretionSnowfall – 20.5 in (52 cm) in Chapman, Kansas
Ice – 0.79 in (20 mm) near Burnt Chimney, Virginia
Tornado outbreak
Tornadoes8
Maximum ratingEF2 tornado
DurationJanuary 3–6, 2025
Highest windsTornadic – 132 mph (212 km/h) (Dean, Louisiana EF2 on January 6)
Largest hail1 inch (2.5 cm) in Chatham, Mississippi
Overall effects
Fatalities7[1]
DamageUnknown
Areas affectedPacific Northwest, Rocky Mountains, High Plains, Ohio Valley, Mid-Atlantic states
Power outages>365,000
Part of the 2024–25 North American winter

The January 5–6, 2025 United States blizzard was a significant and expansive winter weather event that produced blizzard conditions across the High Plains,[2] as well as a long swath of accumulating snow and ice storm to the eastern half of the United States in early January 2025. The system was unofficially nicknamed Winter Storm Blair by The Weather Channel.[3][4]

Beginning on January 3, 2025, the system first made landfall along the northern West Coast of the United States before tracking southeastward, bringing severe winter conditions to multiple regions and prompting numerous state emergency declarations. The storm system also produced 2025's first tornado, which touched down in northern California.[5][6]

Meteorological history

On January 2, 2025, the National Weather Service (NWS) issued a forecast that warned of an approaching major winter storm expected to impact several regions of the continental United States, describing it as a "brutal mess". The NWS forecast outlined expectations for heavy snowfall and significant icing across several geographical regions, ranging from the central Great Plains to the Ohio and Tennessee Valleys, before reaching the Mid-Atlantic region. The forecast predicted 60-90 percent chance of accumulations reaching at least 6 in (15 cm) in the central Great Plains and central Mississippi Valley regions, and a significant icing event primarily impacting eastern Kansas through the Ozarks before impacting the lower Ohio and Tennessee Valleys and the southern Appalachians.[7] The system itself originated in the Northeast Pacific Ocean, and first made landfall during the afternoon on January 3 along the West Coast of the United States.[8]

By January 4, a low-pressure system organized over the Texas Panhandle region and Oklahoma. This system interacted with below-average temperatures already established across the Central Plains and Midwest. A "potent" mid-level low was forecast to track from Kansas to Virginia and North Carolina over a 48-hour period. The system's warm side was predicted to generate severe thunderstorm conditions across the Lower Mississippi Valley, causing the Storm Prediction Center to issue an Enhanced Risk (level 3 of 5) from northeastern Louisiana into western Mississippi for January 5, with potential for tornadoes, large hail, and damaging straight-line winds.[9]

Preparations

Map highlighting active weather alerts across the United States on the evening of January 4

Major U.S. airlines, including United Airlines, American Airlines, Southwest Airlines, and Delta Air Lines, implemented fee waivers for flight changes during the event.[10]

Winter storm advisories issued by the NWS throughout January 3 extended approximately 1,500 mi (2,400 km) from western Kansas to West Virginia, marking one of the most extensive winter weather warning areas in the 2024-25 North American winter season up to the beginning of 2025.[10]

High Plains

On January 4, the NWS issued a blizzard warning for eastern Kansas and in western Missouri, including the northern Kansas City metropolitan area. The warning was later extended to central Kansas and southern Nebraska.[11][12]

Midwest

Meteorologist for Fox Weather Bob Van Dillen expressed warnings for freezing rain across the Midwest, which he stated would likely bring down several power lines and cause widespread power outages when coupled with wind estimates of 20–30 mph (32–48 km/h). He also warned of a weakening polar jet stream resulting in a polar vortex that could potentially move Arctic air as far south as the Mississippi Valley.[13]

Ohio Valley

On 4 January, Governor of Kentucky Andy Beshear issued a state of emergency in anticipation of dangerous road conditions, widespread power outages, and sustained freezing temperatures.[14] The Kentucky Transportation Cabinet issued warnings for residents to avoid road travel due to projected hazardous conditions brought on by freezing rain and icing.[15] The Christian Wayside Mission and the Salvation Army in Louisville opened warming shelters for the homeless.[16]

On 5 January, Governor of West Virginia Jim Justice issued a state of emergency in all 55 counties of the state.[17]

Following snow warnings of 6–12 in (15–30 cm), Jacksonville and South Jacksonville, IL, issued snow emergencies, and emphasized that vehicles parked on emergency snow routes would be towed.[18]

Mid-Atlantic

Governor of Virginia Glenn Youngkin issued a state of emergency on 3 January.[19]

Multiple Maryland school districts issued schedule changes for students in order to avoid severe weather.[13][20] Governor of Maryland Wes Moore issued a State of Preparedness extending from 5–6 January.[21] Schools in Philadelphia closed on January 6 due to the snow.[22]

The NWS issued winter storm warnings for Northern Virginia, central Maryland, and the Washington D.C. area at 3:54 pm EST on 4 January,[23] with the predicted impact extending over 2,100 miles (3,400 kilometers).[24]

Impact

Maximum snow, ice, and sleet accumulations by U.S. state according to the National Weather Service.[25]
State Maximum snow Maximum ice Maximum sleet
Delaware 8.2 inches (21 cm) — —
Washington D.C. 5.0 inches (13 cm) — —
Illinois 9.5 inches (24 cm) 0.5 inches (1.3 cm) 2.0 inches (5.1 cm)
Indiana 12.0 inches (30 cm) 0.5 inches (1.3 cm) —
Kansas 20.5 inches (52 cm) 0.66 inches (1.7 cm) —
Kentucky 9.0 inches (23 cm) 0.75 inches (1.9 cm) —
Maryland 8.7 inches (22 cm) — —
Missouri 13.0 inches (33 cm) 0.63 inches (1.6 cm) 4.0 inches (10 cm)
Nebraska 12.0 inches (30 cm) — —
New Jersey 5.0 inches (13 cm) — —
North Carolina — 0.1 inches (0.25 cm) —
Ohio 10.0 inches (25 cm) — —
Virginia 8.5 inches (22 cm) 0.4 inches (1.0 cm) —
West Virginia 11.0 inches (28 cm) 0.52 inches (1.3 cm) —

West

After making landfall along the northern West Coast of the continental United States, valley areas in Eastern Washington experienced freezing rain during the afternoon and evening of 3 January, while widespread snowfall accumulated in mountainous regions across Washington and Montana.[26]

In Northern California, the winter storm system produced a tornado near Paynes Creek and Shingletown, which FOX Weather reported was the first United States tornado in 2025.[5][6] The tornado was confirmed by the National Weather Service's Sacramento office at approximately 5:30 pm PST who issued a tornado warning for Shasta and Tehama counties, and was captured on video by a University of California, San Diego camera. The tornado resulted in no reported damage or injuries. The winter storm also brought heavy snow and strong winds to the northern California region, and produced quarter-size hail at higher elevations.[6]

Travel advisories were issued in Montana due to heavy snowfall in mountainous areas in conjunction with strong wind gusts.[26] Nearly all regions of Montana were impacted by heavy snowfall, with cold weather advisories issued across northeast Montana.[27][28]

High Plains

Wide swath of snowfall from the blizzard that struck the central U.S. on January 5-6, 2025

On 4 January, Utah was impacted by a "potent but quick moving cold front" that brought snowfall and 50 mph wind gusts in the Wasatch Front region, leading to travel advisories along several international and state highways in central and northern Utah.[29] Freezing rain fell in Kansas and Missouri, which led to road icing and several traffic accidents, including a vehicle rollover on U.S. Route 54 in Wichita and several more near Salina.[30][31] Governor of Kansas Laura Kelly issued a state of disaster emergency amid the storm's precipitation causing several traffic collisions and road closures.[32]

During the afternoon, the Kansas City Chiefs were delayed a few hours from departing the Kansas City International Airport due to airport closure by NOTAM, as a result of the winter storm producing freezing drizzle on the airfield.[33] This came before their game against the Denver Broncos the next day.[34][35]

On 5 January, a woman was found deceased in Kansas City after being reported missing the prior day as severe winter weather impacted the region.[36] The Kansas Highway Patrol reported that one person was killed and another injured due to road icing, after their vehicle collided with a jackknifed trailer while driving eastbound on U.S. Route 56.[37]

Midwest

The winter storm in Monroe County, Indiana on January 4

Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport received eight inches of snowfall— a record amount— leading to dozens of cancelled flights.[38]

On 6 January, the Indiana State Police stated that they received reports of 259 vehicle collisions and reports of 271 vehicles that had slid off roadways. The Indianapolis District state police reported that 151 crashes were reported— of which 12 resulted in injuries— and that they had to respond to 100 disabled or stuck vehicles.[38]

At 6:30 PM EST on 5 January, readings from PowerOutage.us indicated that 41,284 customers were suffering from power outages, with the most present in Warren and Henderson County.[39] On 6 January, half of Magoffin County customers were without power due to downed power lines.[38]

East Coast

On 6 January, the Maryland State Police reported that they had received 475 service calls between 1 AM EST to midday, which included 156 unattended vehicles and 123 crashes.[38] Baltimore received 6.6 in (17 cm) of snow, which was the biggest snowfall there in three years.[40]

Virginia State Police reported 248 crashes requiring their response, noting that not all accidents were necessarily related to the winter storm.[38] Reagan National Airport shut down their runways late on January 6 due to the snowfall.[41]

On both 6 and 7 January, the United States Office of Personnel Management closed federal offices in the Washington DC area and put maximum telework for employees in effect.[42]

Across the Delaware Valley, accumulations were heaviest across the southern parts of the region, with only 1.8 in (4.6 cm) of snow in Philadelphia.[43] At Philadelphia International Airport, over 380 flights were delayed, and 80 were cancelled.[44]

Richmond water outage

Main article: January 2025 Richmond water outage

In Richmond, Virginia a boil-water advisory was put in place due to impacts to the water facilities during the storm;[45] Henrico also later issued an advisory.[46] Power was impacted in Richmond[47] and Henrico.[48] A boil water advisory was later issued in Hanover County, for residents east of Interstate 95, [49] and for certain Goochland[50] and Chesterfield[51] residents.

Severe weather

The winter storm also brought severe weather across the country, primarily in the Southeast with 12 tornadoes so far as of January 8.

Confirmed tornadoes by Enhanced Fujita rating
EFU EF0 EF1 EF2 EF3 EF4 EF5 Total
1 1 7 2 0 0 0 12
  • Note: One tornado has been officially confirmed but is yet to receive a rating.

January 3 event

List of confirmed tornadoes – Friday, January 3, 2025[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EFU NE of Bend Tehama CA 40°20′15″N 122°05′24″W / 40.3374°N 122.0899°W / 40.3374; -122.0899 (Bend (Jan. 3, EFU)) 03:18–03:21 0.8 mi (1.3 km) [to be determined]
A short-lived tornado touched down with no reported damage.[52][53]

January 5 event

List of confirmed tornadoes – Sunday, January 5, 2025[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EF? SE Lincoln County Lincoln AR [to be determined] ~20:05 [to be determined] [to be determined]
A tornado was spotted in southeast Lincoln County as it damaged trees, roofs, and a chicken house.[54] An official survey has not yet occurred and as such a rating it has not received an official rating.
EF2 SE of Marion to E of Dean Union LA 32°52′N 92°11′W / 32.86°N 92.19°W / 32.86; -92.19 (Marion (Jan. 5, EF2)) 18:19–18:28 4.63 mi (7.45 km) 650 yd (590 m)
This tornado began southeast of Marion and moved northeast, snapping numerous tree branches and tree trunks. A trailer was obliterated and the associated debris was blown across a road. Extensive vehicle damage was also noted in this area. The tornado continued to move northeast, damaging the roofs and carports of several homes. The tornado then reached its peak intensity as it swept away a shop building at high-end EF2 intensity. The tornado then damaged some sheds and the roof of another home before lifting in the Upper Ouachita Wildlife Refuge.[52]
EF1 NW of Oak Grove West Carroll LA 32°55′N 91°28′W / 32.91°N 91.47°W / 32.91; -91.47 (West Carroll (Jan. 5, EF1)) 19:34–19:41 2.22 mi (3.57 km) 100 yd (91 m)
A high-end EF1 tornado briefly touched in rural West Carroll Parish, snapping trees, causing minor roof damage, and shifting a mobile home with no injuries.[52]
EF1 NE of Gibson Monroe MS 33°52′N 88°37′W / 33.86°N 88.62°W / 33.86; -88.62 (Gibson (Jan. 5, EF1)) 23:08–23:09 0.69 mi (1.11 km) 120 yd (110 m)
This tornado touched down briefly, tracking a short distance and causing minor damage as it uprooted and snapped trees and caused great roof and garage damage to a house.[52]
EF1 SE of Brandon to NE of Pelahatchie Rankin MS 32°15′N 89°55′W / 32.25°N 89.92°W / 32.25; -89.92 (Pelahatchie (Jan. 5, EF1)) 23:11–23:28 11.14 mi (17.93 km) 150 yd (140 m)
A high-end EF1 tornado uprooted and snapped many trees, downed some power lines, and damaged chicken houses and roofs in the Pelahatchie area. This tornado prompted a PDS warning[55] and caused an indirect injury when a train ran into a downed tree.[56][52]
EF1 SE of Louisville Winston MS 33°05′N 88°58′W / 33.09°N 88.97°W / 33.09; -88.97 (Louisville (Jan. 5, EF1)) 23:40–23:47 4.27 mi (6.87 km) 250 yd (230 m)
This tornado snapped many trees and damaged the roofs of seveal buildings. Extensive damage to a gas station in Boon was observed as well. It ended just northeast of MS 14.[52]
EF0 NW of New Hebron Lawrence, Simpson MS 31°43′N 90°05′W / 31.72°N 90.08°W / 31.72; -90.08 (North Lawrence (Jan. 5, EF0)) 00:18–00:28 6.18 mi (9.95 km) 200 yd (180 m)
A weak tornado touched down in northern Lawrence County, causing minor damage to weak trees and roofs before dissipating just over the Simpson County line.[52]
EF1 NE of New Hebron Jefferson Davis, Simpson MS 31°44′N 89°56′W / 31.74°N 89.93°W / 31.74; -89.93 (Gwinville (Jan. 5, EF1)) 00:31–00:37 4.04 mi (6.50 km) 300 yd (270 m)
This high-end EF1 tornado passed through the small community of Gwinville, damaging trees and buildings along its path. It damaged an abandoned building, shifted an old gas station off its foundation, and uplifted porches of homes. It dissipated just over the Simpson County line near Highway 13.[52]
EF1 SW of Raleigh Smith MS 31°54′N 89°38′W / 31.90°N 89.64°W / 31.90; -89.64 (Shady Grove (Jan. 5, EF1)) 00:52–01:00 6.22 mi (10.01 km) 300 yd (270 m)
This tornado caused tree and homes, and destroyed a shed.[52]
EF1 N of Carrollton Pickens AL 33°17′N 88°10′W / 33.29°N 88.17°W / 33.29; -88.17 (Pine Grove Road (Jan. 5, EF1)) 00:53–01:02 6.94 mi (11.17 km) 300 yd (270 m)
This tornado damaged roofs and uprooted several trees, including some that fell on power lines.[57][52]
EF2 N of Brooksville Noxubee MS 33°14′N 88°35′W / 33.24°N 88.59°W / 33.24; -88.59 (Brooksville (Jan. 5, EF2)) 02:11–02:16 3.44 mi (5.54 km) 500 yd (460 m)
A strong tornado snapped numerous trees and power poles as it crossed US 45. A pivot was overturned.[52]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b All dates are based on the local time zone where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in Coordinated Universal Time for consistency.

References

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  56. ^ Ballou, Howard (5 January 2025). "Train crashes into tree in Rankin County". WLBT-3.
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