Hu (surname)

Hu
Chinese name
Chinese	胡
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Hú Wade–Giles Hu Wu Romanization ghu Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Wùh Jyutping Wu4 Southern Min Hokkien POJ Hô; Ô· Eastern Min Fuzhou BUC Hù
Vietnamese name
Vietnamese alphabet	Hồ
Korean name
Hangul	호
Transcriptions Revised Romanization Ho
Japanese name
Kanji	胡
Transcriptions Romanization Ko

Hu (胡) is a Chinese surname. In 2006, it was the 15th most common surname in China.^[1][2] In 2013, it was the 13th most common in China, with 13.7 million Chinese sharing this surname.^[3] In 2019, Hu dropped to 15th most common surname in Mainland China.^[4]

Some other, less common surnames pronounced Hu include 瓠, 護, 戶, 扈, 虎, 呼, 忽, 斛 and 壶. In Cantonese, “胡” is also pronounced as "Wu" or "Woo".

Meaning

In Classical Chinese, hú 胡 meant: "dewlap; wattle" and was a variant Chinese character for "how; why; what" (he 何), "long-lasting; far-reaching" (xia 遐), "part of a dagger-axe", hu- in "butterfly" (hudie 蝴蝶), or possibly "Northern Barbarians".^[5]

History

According to tradition, the Hu (胡) surname has several historical origins. First, Hu could derive from the family of Duke Hu of Chen. King Wu of Zhou (r. 1046-043 BCE) enfeoffed his son-in-law Gui Man 媯滿 (supposedly a descendant of the legendary sage king Emperor Shun) with the state of Chen (in modern Henan Province). His posthumous name was Duke Hu, and his descendants adopted Hu as their surname. Second, Hu could derive from two Zhou vassal states named Hu 胡, one located near Luohe (Henan Province) or another near Fuyang (Anhui Province). Third, Hu could derive from non-Chinese people adopting it as their surname. For example, in the 496 Change of Xianbei names to Han names, Hegu/Gegu 紇骨 was changed to Hu 胡. Fourth, Hu could derive from the clan name of the ancient Tiele people within the Xiongnu confederation.^{[citation needed]}

Non-Chinese peoples and ethnic minorities in China sometimes took the Chinese exonym for their ethnic group as their surname. The best example is Hu 胡, which was anciently used to refer to "barbarian" groups on the northern and western frontiers of China.

Hu (胡) was used for various northern and western peoples of non-Han Chinese stock. It has been used for people of Persian, Sogdian, Turkic, Xianbi, Indian and Kushan origin and occasionally for the Xiongnu (probably because of their connections with the Tonghu or Eastern Hu – a separate tribe conquered by the Xiongnu).^[6]

Two historically significant Hu names are Donghu 東胡 (literally "Eastern Barbarians") "ancient Mongolian nomadic group" and the Wu Hu 五胡 ("Five Barbarians") "five nomadic tribes involved in the Wu Hu uprising" (304-316 CE) against the Jin dynasty. Hu (Foochow Romanized: Hù; POJ: Hô or Ô) was also one of the eight surnames of the first Han Chinese clans who first moved out the Central Plains into Fujian province (八姓入閩; Foochow Romanized: Báik Sáng Ĭk Mìng) during this conflict.^{[citation needed]}

The Hồ 胡 clan which founded the Hồ dynasty in Vietnam originated in Zhejiang province of China.^[7][8]

The Hu family of Xidi are descended from Hu Shiliang, from Wuyuan, who was a descendant of Hu Changyi, a son of Emperor Zhaozong of Tang who was adopted by the Wuyuan Hu family.^{[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]}

Based on a study in 2020, Hu is a common surname in Italy due to significant amount of immigration population from Zhejiang.^[17][18]

The surname 虎 (Hǔ), which means "Tiger", is rare in China to the point where many people are not aware that it is used as a surname. Some believe it comes from the name of a 4,300-year-old chancellor, while others believe it originates among the Hui Muslim minority.^[19][20][21]

Notable people

Hu Jintao (胡锦涛)

Hu Dahai (胡大海)

• Hu Angang, Tsinghua University professor
• Hu Bin, Chinese freestyle swimmer
• Aw Boon Haw 胡文虎, Burmese Chinese entrepreneur and philanthropist, founder of Tiger Balm
• Aw Boon Par 胡文豹, Burmese Chinese entrepreneur and philanthropist
• Hu Chen-pu, Minister of Veterans Affairs Commission of the ROC (2007–2008)
• Aw Cheng Chye, Singaporean millionaire and philanthropist
• Chih-Wei Hu, MLB pitcher
• Chin-lung Hu (born 1984), MLB player
• Hu Chuanzhi, CEO of the China State Shipbuilding Corporation
• Hu Chunhua 胡春华, member of the 18th and 19th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
• Hu Dahai, 14th century Hui Muslim general
• David Hu, IIG cofounder sentenced to prison for running a Ponzi scheme
• David Hu, American mathematician, roboticist, and biologist
• Hu Denghui 胡登辉, former Chinese international footballer
• Hu Die, actress, "Movie Queen" of the 1930s
• Evelyn Hu, Harvard University professor of applied physics and engineering
• Evelyn Hu-DeHart, Brown University professor of history and American studies
• Hu Feng 胡风, Chinese writer and theorist of arts and literature
• Hu Fo, Taiwanese political scientist and activist
• Frank Hu, Harvard University professor of medicine and public health
• Hu Ge 胡歌 (born 1982), actor
• Hu Huaibang, banker sentenced to life in prison
• Hu Haichang (1928–2011), Chinese mechanical and aerospace engineer
• Hu Haiyan, Chinese academician and scientist
• Hu Hanmin, Kuomintang politician
• Hu Hesheng (1928–2024), Chinese mathematician
• Jayley Woo and her twin sister Hayley Woo (born 27 December 1991), Singaporean actresses
• Jason Hu 胡志强, Republic of China politician
• Hu Jia 胡佳, pro-democracy activist in the People's Republic of China
• Jianying Hu, American engineer
• Hu Jimin (1919–1998), Chinese nuclear and plasma physicist and educator
• Hu Jintao 胡锦涛, former General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and the paramount leader of China
• Hu Jinqiu (born 1997), Chinese basketball player
• Julia Hu (born 1985), American entrepreneur
• Hu Jun (born 1968), Chinese actor
• Kelly Hu 胡凯丽 (born 1968), American actress
• Oh Laye Koh 胡立国, Singaporean bus driver and convicted killer
• Hu Lanqi 胡兰畦, one of the first women generals of the Republic of China and later Communist revolutionary
• Hu Lien 胡璉, Chinese Nationalist general
• Hu Mei (Ming dynasty), sentenced to death by Zhu Yuanzhang
• Myolie Wu 胡杏兒, Hong Kong singer and actress
• Hu Nai-yuan, Taiwanese violinist
• Nan Hu, Chinese physician-scientist, molecular geneticist, and cancer epidemiologist
• Nancy Wu 胡定欣, Hong Kong actress and singer
• Hu Ning (1916–1997), Chinese theoretical physicist and educator
• Hu Peizhao, Chinese economist and a professor at Xiamen University
• Hu Ping Chinese actress
• Hu Qiaomu 胡乔木, People's Republic of China politician
• Hu Qili 胡启立, member of the 13th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
• Hu Qinwu, Chinese painter and artist
• Richard Hu (胡赐道; 1926–2023), Finance Minister of Singapore
• S. Jack Hu, University of Georgia administrator and professor of engineering
• Hu Sheng, Chinese Marxist theorist and historian
• Hu Shih 胡适, Chinese writer and scholar
• Hu Songshan 虎嵩山, Chinese Hui Muslim Imam of the Yihewani sect
• T. C. Hu (胡德强, 1930–2021), Chinese-American computer scientist
• Hu Ting-ting (born 1979), English-born Taiwanese actress
• Hailan Hu, Chinese neuroscientist
• Valerie Hu, American biochemist
• Hu Weide 胡惟德, politician and diplomat of the Qing dynasty and the Republic of China
• Wei-Shau Hu, American geneticist
• Wei-Shou Hu, Taiwanese-American chemical engineer
• Hu Weiyong, sentenced to death by Zhu Yuanzhang
• Wen-mei Hwu 胡文美, American computer engineer
• Yuen Pau Woo 胡元豹, Canadian senator and facilitator of the Independent Senators Group
• Hu Xiansu (胡先骕; 1894–1968) Chinese botanist
• Gordon Ying Sheung Wu 胡應湘, chairman of the board of Hopewell Holdings Ltd.
• Hu Yaobang 胡耀邦, former chairman and General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party
• Hu Yepin 胡也频, Chinese writer, poet, and playwright, prominent Chinese socialist
• Yi Hu, American engineer
• Hu Yicheng (born 1998), Chinese trampoline gymnast
• Yinling Hu, Chinese molecular biologist
• Hu Yitian 胡一天, Chinese actor
• Yuenyong Opakul, Thai singer, musician, songwriter and entrepreneur
• Hu Zaobin 胡藻斌, early 20th-century Chinese painter, famous for painting tigers
• Hu Zhongzao, sentenced to death by the Qianlong emperor
• Hu Zongnan, Chinese general in the National Revolutionary Army
• Hu Zongxian 胡宗憲, Chinese general during the Ming dynasty
• Hồ Chí Minh: 20th century Vietnam communist leader
• Hồ dynasty of Vietnam 胡朝:

• Hồ Quý Ly 胡季犛
• Hồ Hán Thương 胡漢蒼

See also

• Ho, variant of surname Hu
• Oh or Ow, Fujian variant of surname Hu

References

1. China renews top 100 surnames, Li still the biggest, People's Daily Online, January 11, 2006.
2. Meaning of Chinese names - H
3. Bloomberg News https://www.bloomberg.com/visual-data/best-and-worst//most-common-in-china-surnames. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
4. "新京报 - 好新闻，无止境". www.bjnews.com.cn.
5. Bernhard Karlgren. Grammata Serica Recensa. Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities. 1957:34.
6. Hill, John E. (2009) Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, 1st to 2nd Centuries CE, p. 192. BookSurge, Charleston, South Carolina. ISBN 978-1-4392-2134-1.
7. Taylor 2013, p. 166.
8. ed. Hall 2008, p. 161.
9. "Xidi Village". ChinaTour.Net.
10. "China Xidi-Huangshan Xidi-Welcome To Xidi". China Xidi.
11. "Xidi village ancient village in the south of Anhui". China Escapade. Archived from the original on 2018-05-06. Retrieved 2018-05-05.
12. "Xidi Village". Meet China. Archived from the original on 2018-05-06. Retrieved 2018-05-05.
13. 周, 倩, ed. (2015-07-07). "Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui – Xidi and Hongcun". English Rednet.
14. "Two Beauties Below Yellow Mountain". China Digital Review. July 27, 2015.
15. "Snapshot of Me: Villages of an Hui". 2012-08-25.
16. "Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui - Xidi and Hongcun" (PDF). UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 2 December 2000.
17. "Nella Milano dei signori Hu: "Cognome cinese, ma siamo italiani"". Repubblica. 2020-08-12.
18. "Hu è il cognome più diffuso a Milano". AGI. 2020-08-11.
19. Wang, Guanqun, ed. (2010-02-10). ""Tiger" a rare but strong family name in China". Xinhua. Archived from the original on February 18, 2010. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
20. "'Tiger' rare but strong family name in China". China Daily. 2010-02-10. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
21. Yang, Chiu-ying (Mar 25, 2009). "Man on the hunt for rare family names". Taipei Times. p. 4. Retrieved 30 April 2013.

External links

• The Hu Peoples, Silk Road Seattle Virtual Art Exhibit.
• Non-Chinese peoples and neighboring states: Hu 胡, ChinaKnowledge.
• 胡, Chinese Text Project
• Surname HU (胡), Chinese Culture Forum