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Names
	Nguyễn Phúc Ưng Lịch (阮福膺𧰡); Nguyễn Phúc Minh (阮福明)
Era name and dates
	Hàm Nghi (咸宜): 1884–1885
Posthumous name
	None
Temple name
	None

Emperor Hàm Nghi
咸宜帝
Emperor Hàm Nghi; 咸宜帝
	Emperor Ham Nghi
Emperor of Đại Nam
Reign	2 August 1884 – 19 September 1885
Predecessor	Kiến Phúc
Successor	Đồng Khánh
Regent	Tôn Thất Thuyết & Nguyễn Văn Tường
Emperor of Nguyễn Dynasty
Reign	2 August 1884 – 19 September 1885
Predecessor	Kiến Phúc
Successor	Đồng Khánh
Born	3 August 1871; Imperial City, Huế, Đại Nam
Died	14 January 1944 (aged 72); Algiers, Algeria, France
Burial	Thonac, Dordogne, France
Spouse	Marcelle Laloë
Issue	Princess Nguyễn Phúc Như Mai; Princess Nguyễn Phúc Như Lý; Prince Nguyễn Phúc Minh Đức
Names
Names
	Nguyễn Phúc Ưng Lịch (阮福膺𧰡); Nguyễn Phúc Minh (阮福明)
Era name and dates
	Hàm Nghi (咸宜): 1884–1885
Posthumous name
	None
Temple name
	None
House	Nguyễn Phúc
Father	Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Cai (son of Thiệu Trị)
Mother	Concubine Phan Thị Nhàn
Religion	Ruism, Buddhism

Emperor Hàm Nghi (Vietnamese: [hâːm ŋi], chữ Hán: 咸宜 lit. "entirely right",^[1] Arabic: هام نغي; 3 August 1871 – 14 January 1944), personal name Nguyễn Phúc Ưng Lịch, also Nguyễn Phúc Minh, was the eighth emperor of the Vietnamese Nguyễn dynasty. He reigned for only one year (1884–85).^[2]

Biography

On 4 July 1885, a nationwide insurrection against the French broke out under the leadership of the two regents Nguyễn Văn Tường and Tôn Thất Thuyết. The French stormed the palace and Tôn Thất Thuyết took Emperor Hàm Nghi and three empresses into hiding. Hàm Nghi went to the hills and jungles around Laos along with Tôn Thất Thuyết's force. While they waged guerrilla warfare against the French occupation forces, the French replaced Hàm Nghi with his brother, Đồng Khánh, who was enthroned as the Son of Heaven. In October 1888, after a series of setbacks, Hàm Nghi was hiding in an isolated house near the spring of the Nai river, with Tôn Thất Thiệp, the second son of Tôn Thất Thuyết, and a few attendants.^[3] There, he was betrayed by the head of his Muong guards, Trương Quang Ngọc, and captured on 1 November, while Thiệp was killed. He was turned over to French officers on 2 November.^[4]

Emperor Ham Nghi in coronation date, 1884
Cần Vương movement declaration .
Picture of capturing emperor Hàm Nghi by French army in 1888.
Emperor Ham Nghi after being captured by the French in 1888

Exile and marriage

On 12 December 1888, he was exiled to French Algeria. There he married a French Algerian woman, Marcelle Laloë, on 4 November 1904. They had three children, Prince Minh-Duc, Princess Nhu May and Princess Nhu Lý.

Wedding of Emperor Hàm Nghi in French Algeria
Wedding of Emperor Hàm Nghi in French Algeria
Former emperor and his painting
Former Emperor enjoyed painting during exile
Former emperor in his old age in French Algeria.

Death

Hàm Nghi died on 14 January 1944 at the age of 72, and was buried in Algiers. During his exile, he had bought the Château de Losse in Thonac, Dordogne, in southwest France. In 1965, Charles de Gaulle proposed to his daughter, Countess de la Besse, to transfer his body to Thonac, where he still lies in a simple grave. In 2002, Vietnam sent a delegation to France to seek permission from Princess Nhu Lý (De la Besse died in 2005, in her 97th year) to move her father's remains to the former Imperial capital of Huế. Her family has so far refused.^[5]

Honors

Some cities in Vietnam have streets named after him.^[6]

References

^ Derived from Classic of Poetry: "Yin should have received the appointment was entirely right" (殷受命咸宜, translated by James Legge)
^ Bruce M. Lockhart, William J. Duiker Historical Dictionary of Vietnam 2006 Page 150 "Hàm Nghi (1872–1943). Emperor (r. 1884–1885) of the Nguyén dynasty after establishment of the French protectorate in 1884. Brother of Emperor Kiến Phúc, ...
^ Spencer Tucker -Vietnam – 1999 Page 36 "In july 1885 Vietnamese nationalists acting in the name of Emperor Hàm Nghi led a brief rebellion, launching a major attack on the French at the fort of Mang Cá near the capital. This failed, whereupon Hàm Nghi fled to Quang Tri Province and ..."
^ Baille, 1890; Devillers, 1998, pp. 398–469; Gosselin, 1900, pp. 150–56; Gosselin, 1904.
^ Nguyên Cao Duc, Georges. Un empereur aimé: Hàm Nghi 2007, p.5
^ Vietnam Country Map. Periplus Travel Maps. March 2002. ISBN 0-7946-0070-0.

Bibliography

Baille. "Souvenirs d’Annam 1886–1890" E. Plon, Nourrit et Cie, Paris (1890, viii + 266 pp.)
Devillers, Philippe. "Français et Annamites. Partenaires ou ennemis? 1856–1902", Denoël, 1998, 517 pp.; ISBN 2-207-24248-X (2-207-24248-X)
Gosselin, Charles. "Le Laos et le Protectorat Français". Librairie académique Didier, Perrin & Cie, Paris (1900, 349 pp.) Available here or here
Gosselin, Charles. "L’empire d’Annam". Préface de Pierre Baudin, Perrin. Cie: Paris (1904, xxvi + 560 pp.)
Bergoend, Isabelle. "Le Dagobert optique". Editions Thierry Marchaisse (2015, 240 pp.)