The village became a seat of a Catholic parish, according to a secondary source from the 19th century a stone church was already built in 1293. The parish was then mentioned in the register of Peter's Pence payment from 1447 among the 50 parishes of Teschen Deanery as Boleschaw.[4]
After the 1540s Reformation prevailed in the Duchy of Teschen and many local citizens became Lutherans. After issuing the Patent of Toleration in 1781 they subsequently organized a local Lutheran parish as one of over ten in the region.[5]
According to the censuses conducted in 1880, 1890, 1900 and 1910 the population of the village grew from 1164 in 1880 to 2434 in 1910, with majority of the inhabitants being native Polish-speakers (98.5% in 1880 dropping to 90.9% in 1910), followed by a growing German-speaking population (18 or 1.5% in 1880 and 159 or 6.7% in 1910) and Czech-speaking people (5 or 0.4% in 1890 and 54 or 2.2% in 1910). In terms of religion in 1910 the majority where Protestants (1622 or 66.7%), followed by Roman Catholics (750 or 30.8%) and Jews (53 or 2.2%), there were also 9 persons being of another faith.[6] The village was also traditionally inhabited by Cieszyn Vlachs, speaking Cieszyn Silesian dialect.
Goleszów lies in the southern part of Poland, approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of the nearest town-centre, Ustroń, 7 km (4 mi) south-east of the county seat, Cieszyn, 24 km (15 mi) south-west of Bielsko-Biała, 65 km (40 mi) south-west of the regional capital Katowice, and 8 km (5.0 mi) east of the border with the Czech Republic.
It is situated on several streams, among them Radoń, left tributary of Bładnica river (left tributary of the Vistula). The village lies in the Silesian Foothills, between roughly 330–463 m (1,083–1,519 ft) (the height of the Chełm Goleszówski hill) above sea level; 5 km (3.1 mi) north of the Silesian Beskids.
^Mrózek, Robert (1984). Nazwy miejscowe dawnego Śląska Cieszyńskiego [Local names of former Cieszyn Silesia] (in Polish). Katowice: Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach. p. 70. ISSN0208-6336.
^Panic, Idzi (2010). Śląsk Cieszyński w średniowieczu (do 1528) [Cieszyn Silesia in Middle Ages (until 1528)] (in Polish). Cieszyn: Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie. p. 294. ISBN978-83-926929-3-5.
^Michejda, Karol (1992). "Dzieje Kościoła ewangelickiego w Księstwie Cieszyńskim (od Reformacji do roku 1909)". Z historii Kościoła ewangelickiego na Śląsku Cieszyńskim (in Polish). Katowice: Dom Wydawniczy i Księgarski „Didache“. p. 146. ISBN83-85572-00-7.