Charles Phillip Bailey Sr. (November 25, 1918 – April 1, 2001) was a U.S. Army Air Force officer and one of the Tuskegee Airmen's most decorated combat fighter pilots. He was Florida's first African American fighter pilot. He flew 133 missions over Europe and North Africa, and was credited with shooting down two enemy aircraft.[1][2]
Bailey was born on November 25, 1918, in Punta Gorda, Florida.[4] Known to his family and friends as "Phillip", Bailey was the son of Archie Bailey and Josephine Bailey.[3] Bailey grew up in a home on the corner of Punta Gorda's East Virginia Avenue and Wood Street with his eight siblings.
As a child, Charles P. Bailey delivered Punta Gorda, Florida's local Charlotte Herald newspaper in his neighborhood.[3] During rampant racial segregation in the American South and in Deland, Bailey attended elementary and middle school at Punta Gorda, Florida's Baker Academy.[3] Since Punta Gorga did not allow African Americans to attend its high school, Bailey moved with family out of town to attend high school at the all-African American Howard Academy in Ocala, Florida where he excelled in academics and football.[3][4][5]
In August 1942, Bailey enlisted in the U.S. Army.[8] On April 29, 1943, Bailey graduated as a member of the Single Engine Section Cadet Class SE-43-D, receiving his silver wings and commission as a 2nd Lieutenant.[9][4] The U.S. Army Air Corps assigned Bailey to the 332nd Fighter Group's 99th Fighter Squadron.[4] His classmate included Wilson Vashon "Swampy" Eagleson II (February 1, 1920 - April 16, 2006), one of the Tuskegee Airmen's most prolific combat fighter pilots credited with two confirmed enemy German aerial kills and two probable aerial kills.[10][11]
Flying his beloved P-40 Warhawk “Josephine" aircraft named after his mother, Bailey shot down two Focke-Wulf Fw 190 German fighters.[13][14] Bailey also flew a P-51 aircraft named “My Buddy" in honor of his father.[13]
During one of his aerial missions over the Mediterranean, Bailey was physically struck near his heart by shrapnel; fortunately, a Bible Bailey kept in his flight jacket pocket deflected the blow, protecting Bailey.[13]
Bailey reenrolled at Bethune-Cookman College, graduating with a bachelor's degree in Elementary Education.[4] He became a school teacher in DeLand, Florida before eventually retiring after a few decades in the profession, returning to school to study mortuary science at the Cincinnati College of Embalming.[13][4] He later opened the Charles P. Bailey Funeral Home which served the Deland, Florida community for decades until Bailey's children merged the funeral home with local Deland, Florida's J. E. Cusack Mortuary on October 17, 2014.[16]
In 1995, doctors diagnosed Bailey with Alzheimer's disease.[17] In 2000, Bailey went missing after wandering from his home in Deland, Florida. Initially, a search team was unable to locate him. When one of the search crew members shouted "Do you know anything about the Tuskegee Airmen?” a hungry, dehydrated Bailey suddenly responded "Yes.”[18]
Family
Bailey and his six male siblings have been called the "Fighting Bailey Brothers", as the men, along with their two sisters, all served in the U.S. military during World War II, the Korean War and/or the Vietnam War.[4][5][19][20]
Maurice M. Bailey (1906–1990): The eldest brother and Florida A&M University graduate served as a sergeant with the “Red Ball Express,” a predominantly African American outfit that supplied frontline white troops with munitions, food and fuel in World War II's European Theater. Also a veteran of the Korean War, Maurice was interred at Arlington National Cemetery.
Harding C. Bailey (1920–1984): As an E-5 electrician's mate 2nd class, Harding served in the Atlantic and the Mediterranean aboard the World War II destroyer escort USS Mason, the first Navy ship with a predominantly African American crew.[21]
Carl A. Bailey (1929–1957): The first African American jet pilot from Florida, the Florida A&M University graduate and his brother Arthur were the only of the Bailey Brothers not to engage in combat. At age 28, Carl was killed in a car accident near Fayetteville, North Carolina while on vacation from the military.[22][21]
In 1946, Bailey married Bessie L. Fitch Bailey (June 25, 1915 - December 6, 2008), a Punta Gorda, Florida native and Bailey's classmate at Bethune-Cookman University who served 25 years as Executive Secretary for Richard V. Moore, former Bethune-Cookman University President.[3][13][24] Bessie previously served as educator Mary McLeod Bethune's personal secretary for 20 years at the National Council of Negro Women Headquarters in Washington, D.C.[24] Bailey and his wife had two sons, Charles Bailey Jr. and James A. Bailey.[24]
Honors
In 2000, the City of Deland, Florida honored Bailey with a bronze plaque.[6]
In 2007, a new terminal at Punta Gorda Airport was named in honor of Bailey and his brothers.[5]
In 2007, the City of Deland dedicated a bronze memorial bust of Bailey at the DeLand Naval Air Station Museum. Bailey's wife Bessie and fellow Tuskegee Airmen buddy Hiram Mann attended.[25] Commissioned by Jim and Beverly Outlaw, the bust was made by artist Ralph Batten.[26]
^Hatfield, Pat (2008-10-22). "World War II — Hiram Mann: Tuskegee Airman". West Volusia Beacon. Archived from the original on 2014-08-10. Retrieved 2014-06-16.