Ndu language of Papua New Guinea
Boiken (Nucum, Yangoru) is one of the more populous of the Ndu languages of Sepik River region of northern Papua New Guinea . It is spoken around Boiken Creek in Yangoru-Saussia District , East Sepik Province and adjacent islands off the north coast of northern Papua New Guinea.[ 1]
Phonology
Stop sounds /p, t̪s̪, t, k/ are heard as voiced [b, d̪z̪, d, ɡ] when following a nasal counterpart.
/k/ has an allophone of a glottal [ʔ] in word-final position, or when preceding a consonant in word-medial position.
Sounds /ɸ, s, x/ can be voiced as [β, z, ɣ] in intervocalic positions.
/n/ is heard as [ŋ] when preceding velar consonants, or freely in word-final position.
/r/ can be heard as a voiceless trill [r̥] in word-initial positions. /ɨ, ə/ have allophones of [ɪ, ɛ] when following dental and alveolar sounds.
/u/ has an allophone of [ʊ] when preceding /k/ heard as a glottal [ʔ] in word-medial and word-final positions.
/o/ has an allophone of [ɔ] when following labial and velar sounds.
References
^ a b Boiken at Ethnologue ^ a b Freudenburg, Allen & Marlene (1974). Boiken phonemes . In Richard Loving (ed.), Phonologies of four Papua New Guinea languages: Ukarumpa: Summer Institute of Linguistics. pp. 97– 127.
External links
Paradisec houses two collections of Arthur Capell 's materials that include Boiken (AC1 and AC2 ) as well as notes from Don Laycock 's work (DL2 ) all of these collections are open access.
Official languages Major Indigenous Other Papuan
Sign languages
