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Ağrı Province

Ağrı ili
Ağrı Province Ağrı ili
Province
	Location of the province within Turkey
Country	Turkey
Seat	Ağrı
Government
• Governor	Mustafa Koç
Area	11,099 km2 (4,285 sq mi)
Population (2023)	511,238
• Density	46/km2 (120/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+3 (TRT)
Area code	0472
Website	www.agri.gov.tr

The Ağrı Province (Turkish: Ağrı ili, Kurdish: Parêzgeha Agiriyê;^[2] Armenian: Քարբեր մարզ) is a province in eastern Turkey, bordering Iran to the east, Kars to the north, Erzurum to the northwest, Muş and Bitlis to the southwest, Van to the south, and Iğdır to the northeast. Its area is 11,099 km²,^[3] and its population is 511,238 (2023).^[1] The provincial capital is Ağrı, situated on a 1,650 metres (5,410 ft) high plateau. Doğubayazıt was the capital of the province until 1946.^[4] The current governor is Mustafa Koç.^[5]

The province is considered part of Western Armenia^[6] and was part of the ancient province of Ayrarat^[7] of Kingdom of Armenia. Before the Armenian genocide, modern Ağri Province was part of the six Armenian vilayets.^[8]^[9] The province is considered part of Turkey and has a Kurdish majority.^[10]^[11]

Districts

Ağrı province is divided into eight districts (capital district in bold):

Geography

Ağrı province is surrounded by the Aras Mountains from the north.^[12] Ağrı is named after the nearby Mount Ararat, a 5,137 metres (16,854 ft) high stratovolcano, the highest mountain in Turkey and a national symbol to Armenians (see Western Armenia). It can be climbed from here and can be seen from parts of Azerbaijan, Iran, Georgia, and Armenia. The nearest town to the mountain is Doğubayazıt.

46% of the province is mountainous, 29% is plain, 18% is plateau, and 7% high meadow. As well as Ararat there are many other peaks over 3,000m, including Mount Kösedağ, Aladağlar and Tendürek. The plains are fertile, being covered in volcanic deposits, and are used for growing grains and grazing. Various tributaries of the Murat River (which later feeds the Euphrates) flow through the area and water these plains. The high meadows are used for grazing.

The weather here is very cold (average temperatures are around -10 °C (14 °F) in winter) and the mountainsides are mainly bare. There are a number of important passes and routes through the mountains.

History

Historical population
Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1927	57,177	—
1935	107,206	+8.17%
1940	121,477	+2.53%
1950	155,455	+2.50%
1960	215,116	+3.30%
1970	290,311	+3.04%
1980	368,009	+2.40%
1990	437,093	+1.74%
2000	528,744	+1.92%
2010	542,022	+0.25%
2020	535,435	−0.12%
Source:Turkstat^[13]^[14]

The plateau of Ağrı was controlled by the Kingdom of Urartu until its transition to the Kingdom of Armenia. The area was coveted by many as a gateway between east and west. It was conquered numerous times by Assyrians, Achaemenid Persians, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, Georgians, Mongols, different Persian Empires, and finally by the Seljuq and Ottoman Turks.

The first Muslims in the area were the Abbasids in 872. The Turkish tribes began to pass through in huge numbers following the defeat of the Byzantine armies at Malazgirt in 1071, sometimes pursued by Mongols. The land was brought into the Ottoman Empire by Sultan Selim I following the Battle of Chaldiran. The region was part of the Erzurum Vilayet during the Ottoman Empire.

Inspectorates-General

In the late 1920s, in an attempt to curb the Ararat rebellion,^[15]^[16] the province was included into the First Inspectorate-General (Turkish: Birinci Umumi Müfettişlik)^[17] comprising the provinces of Mardin, Diyarbakır, Van, Elazıĝ, Bitlis, Hakkari, Şanlıurfa and Siirt.^[18]

In September 1935 the province was transferred into the third Inspectorate General (Umumi Müfettişlik, UM).^[19] The third UM span over the provinces of Erzurum, Artvin, Rize, Trabzon, Kars Gümüşhane, Erzincan and Ağrı. It was governed by an Inspector General seated in the city of Erzurum.^[19]^[20] The Inspectorate General was dissolved in 1952 during the Government of the Democrat Party.^[21]

Recent events

On August 19, 2006, the Tabriz–Ankara gas pipeline exploded in the province. Turkish authorities suspect Kurdish rebels were behind the incident.^[22]

Ağrı today

The economy is mainly agricultural. People also live by breeding animals. Ağrı attracts tourists to the mountains, for climbing and trekking in summers, and skiing in winters. Places of interest include:

Ishak Pasha Palace in Doğubayazıt
Mount Tendürek in Doğubayazıt with what some claim to be the second-largest meteor crater in the world
Aznavur Tepe in Patnos
The tomb of Ahmedi Hani, who wrote the Kurdish epic Mem and Zin

Demographics

District	Total	Urban	Rural
Ağrı	150,263	310,896	224,539
Patnos	123,203	63,786	59,417
Doğubayazıt	120,320	80,607	39,334
Diyadin	41,789	20,387	20,889
Eleşkirt	32,316	9,969	22,347
Tutak	29,987	7,018	22,969
Taşlıçay	20,028	6,180	13,848
Hamur	17,908	3,293	14,615
Province	535,435	310,896	224,539

References

^ ^a ^b "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports" (XLS). TÜİK. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
^ "Li Agirî û Wanê qedexe hat ragihandin" (in Kurdish). Rûdaw. 25 November 2019. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
^ "İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri". General Directorate of Mapping. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
^ Law, Gwillim (2015-05-20). Administrative Subdivisions of Countries: A Comprehensive World Reference, 1900 through 1998. McFarland. p. 372. ISBN 978-1-4766-0447-3.
^ "Yöneticilerimiz". Ağrı Valiliği. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
^ Myhill, John (2006). Language, Religion and National Identity in Europe and the Middle East: A historical study. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins. p. 32. ISBN 978-90-272-9351-0.
^ "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2021-04-09.
^ İsmail Soysal, Türkiye'nin Siyasal Andlaşmaları, I. Cilt (1920-1945), Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1983, p. 14.
^ Verheij, Jelle (2012). Jongerden, Joost; Verheij, Jelle (eds.). Social Relations in Ottoman Diyarbekir, 1870–1915. Brill. p. 88. ISBN 978-90-04-22518-3.
^ Watts, Nicole F. (2010). Activists in Office: Kurdish Politics and Protest in Turkey (Studies in Modernity and National Identity). Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 167. ISBN 978-0-295-99050-7.
^ Bois, Th; Minorsky, V.; MacKenzie, D. N. (2002). "Kurds, Kurdistān". Encyclopaedia of Islam (2 ed.). BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-16121-4.
^ "Ağrı'nın Coğrafi Yapısı". agri.edu.tr. Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University. p. 1.
^ "Census Results". Turkstat. Archived from the original on 2016-08-02. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
^ "Online library of Turkstat". Turkstat. Archived from the original on 2014-06-02. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
^ Strohmeier, Martin (2003). Crucial Images in the Presentation of a Kurdish National Identity: Heroes and Patriots, Traitors and Foes. Brill. pp. 95–99. ISBN 978-90-04-12584-1.
^ Cagaptay, Soner (2006-05-02). Islam, Secularism and Nationalism in Modern Turkey: Who is a Turk?. Routledge. p. 24. ISBN 978-1-134-17448-5.
^ Cagaptay (2006), p.24
^ Bayir, Derya (2016-04-22). Minorities and Nationalism in Turkish Law. Routledge. p. 139. ISBN 978-1-317-09579-8.
^ ^a ^b "Üçüncü Umumi Müfettişliği'nin Kurulması ve III. Umumî Müfettiş Tahsin Uzer'in Bazı Önemli Faaliyetleri". Dergipark. p. 2. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
^ Bayir, Derya (2016-04-22). Minorities and Nationalism in Turkish Law. Routledge. pp. 139–141. ISBN 978-1-317-09579-8.
^ Fleet, Kate; Kunt, I. Metin; Kasaba, Reşat; Faroqhi, Suraiya (2008-04-17). The Cambridge History of Turkey. Cambridge University Press. p. 343. ISBN 978-0-521-62096-3.
^ "Gas pipeline explodes in Turkish rebel region". CNN. 2006-08-19. Archived from the original on 2006-08-24. Retrieved 2008-04-04.