1997 in the Philippines

← 1996 1995 1994 1997 in the Philippines → 1998 1999 2000
Decades:	1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s
See also:	List of years in the Philippines films

1997 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in the year 1997.

Incumbents

President Fidel Ramos

• President: Fidel Ramos (Lakas)
• Vice President: Joseph Estrada (LAMMP)
• Senate President: Ernesto Maceda
• House Speaker: Jose de Venecia, Jr.
• Chief Justice: Andres Narvasa
• Philippine Congress: 10th Congress of the Philippines

Events

January

• January 3 – The Bureau of Immigration adopts a policy against foreigners with unauthorized stay in the country, by virtue of the Alien Social Integration Act.^[1]
• January 7 – A Presidential citation is given to Rhona Mahilum, who was noted for rescuing her siblings from their burning house in Negros Occidental.^[1]
• January 15 – A memorandum of understanding is signed by the Department of Social Welfare and Development and Japanese non-governmental organization Asian Women's Fund, aiming to provide assistance to former comfort women.^[1]
• January 17 – Zamboanga del Norte representative Romeo Jalosjos is arrested in Bagac, Bataan, barely a month after being charged of crimes against chastity.^[1]
• January 27:
  • A ceasefire agreement between the national government and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) is signed, ending more than a week of fighting in Buldon, Maguindanao.^[2]
  • A passenger bus, traversing the Pilar–Manila route, plunges into a ravine in Labo, Camarines Norte, killing nineteen people including the driver.^[3]
• January 28–31 – The Department of Environment and Natural Resources exterminates 596 monkeys at a farm in Calamba, Laguna, through lethal injection, to prevent the possible outbreak of the Ebola Reston virus that had earlier killed seven.^[4]
• January 29 – President Ramos signs the law strengthening the country's science and technology program (Republic Act No. 8248).^[1]
• January 31 – First Lady Amelita Ramos leads the launching of the country's bulk carrier, Sea Amelita, in Tsuneishi shipyard in Balamban, Cebu.^[1]

February

• February 3 – The Supreme Court votes, 11–4, to stop the sale of 51 percent of the Manila Hotel to Malaysian company Renong Berhad, and orders its owner, the Government Service Insurance System, to sell it instead to Manila Prince Hotel, citing the constitution's "Filipino first" provision and the hotel being part of the "national patrimony". The Committee on Privatization would later file a petition for rebidding.^[1][5]
• February 4 – Three gunmen assassinate Bishop Benjamin de Jesus in front of Jolo Cathedral in Jolo, Sulu, in what would be the country's first killing of a Roman Catholic bishop.^[1][6]
• February 5 – President Ramos signs Republic Act No. 8249, amending the charter of Sandiganbayan.^[1]
• February 8 – Republic Act No. 8180, the law deregulating the oil industry, takes effect, ending twenty years of government control of oil companies and removing subsidies. As early as February 5, several protest rallies, demanding the repeal of the said law, have been conducted.^[7]
• February 13 – A Beechcraft Baron explodes and crashes off Naic and Cavite City in Cavite, while on its way to Manila from Mindoro. All six individuals are either confirmed or presumed dead.^[8]
• February 14 – A Beechcraft RPC 1919 crashes upon takeoff at an airport in Jolo, Sulu, killing retired Cotabato City auxiliary bishop Antonino Nepomuceno and 3–4 other individuals. The plane crash is initially believed caused by either being shot or a pilot error.^[1][9]
• February 18 – A Senate resolution affirming their absolute opposition to the constitutional amendments is adopted.^[1]
• February 19:
  • The Court of Appeals dismisses a petition by a Rizal-based group against the privatization of the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS), citing lack of merit; upholding a Manila Regional Trial Court ruling. MWSS would be awarded to the winning bidders two days later.^[10]
  • Sandiganbayan orders a 90-day suspension of senator Miriam Defensor-Santiago in relation to graft charges filed in 1995 while she was the chief of the Bureau of Immigration and Deportation.^[11]
• February 21 – A House resolution granting amnesty to the members of Reform the Armed Forces Movement – Soldiers of the Filipino People – Young Officers Union (RAM–SFP–YOU), concurring with Proclamation No. 723, is approved.^[1]
• February 22 – Joel Arnan, leader of Kuratong Solido group, and two fellow inmates, escape from a municipal jail in San Pedro, Laguna, during a noise barrage and despite being guarded by the elite force from Western Police District Command.^[12]
• February 23 – During a private meeting at the residence of Christopher Carrion in Ayala Alabang Village, in Muntinlupa, President Fidel Ramos informs the former President Corazon Aquino that he could not halt the campaign on Constitutional reform in the Philippines, citing it as a violation of freedom of expression. Ramos emphasized his commitment to uphold the Constitution and denied involvement in the initiative.^[13]

March

• March 1 – South African president Nelson Mandela, beginning his three-day state visit, arrives in the country.^[1]
• March 17 – The longest bridge in Pangasinan, connecting the municipalities of Santa Maria and Asingan, is inaugurated.^[1]
• March 19 – President Ramos grants temporary asylum to Hwang Jang-yop, the top ideologue from North Korea.^[1]
• March 26 – Las Piñas becomes a highly urbanized city in Metro Manila through ratification of Republic Act 8251.

April

• April 8 – The Supreme Court issues a temporary restraining order from the government's implementation of the national identification system.^[1]
• April 9 – President Ramos orders the release of ₱595 million, which is intended for the partial payment for pension adjustment of the World War II veterans.^[1]
• April 16 – As part of the government campaign to prevent polio in the country, five million children are given free anti-polio vaccines.^[1]
• April 20 – The main camp of the MILF in Sirawai, Zamboanga del Norte, is captured by the government forces, with seven rebels killed.^[1]
• April 21 – Malacañang confirms the government's dropping of its opposition to the asylum application of communist leader Jose Maria Sison, then exiled in the Netherlands.^[1]
• April 24 – The leadership of the Armed Forces of the Philippines affirms banning of homosexuals in the military.^[1]
• April 27 – MILF confirms that five thousand Moro National Liberation Front rebels have been defected to their side, citing the allegedly slow implementation of the government's livelihood programs.^[1]
• April 29–30 – The military dispatches marine reinforcements to the disputed Spratly Islands following reports that three armed Chinese Navy warships have been deployed there. Jet fighters are deployed the following day to augment the contingent, at the same time of Manila's protest demanding Beijing's explanation. On May 3, China, stressing its sovereignty over the area, insists of legal rights to dispatch their vessels.^[1]

May

• May 2 – The Supreme Court affirms the validity of the country's membership in the World Trade Organization.^[1]
• May 9 – The World Bank approves new loans, worth about $1 billion, to the country, which will cover programs on poverty alleviation, infrastructure, and natural resources, for the next three years.^[1]
• May 11 – Military personnel in election duty are attacked in Lantawan, Basilan by thirty Abu Sayyaf members, with seven from the latter killed in the gunfight.^[1]
• May 20 – The Philippines rejects the proposed exploration with China on the disputed Scarborough Shoal. Eight days later, President Ramos favors the agreement on the countries' joint development of the area.^[1]
• May 21 – The Philippine Coast Guard arrests twenty-one Chinese fishermen at the Scarborough Shoal. On May 30, Taiwan, claiming that the area is part of their sovereign territory, complains the said arrest. On May 26, foreign ministry officials of the Philippines and China meet in Beijing, in an attempt to de-escalate tension caused by conflicting claims in the area.^[1]
• May 28 – The launch of the country's first electronic library project in Manila Hotel is led by the Commission on Higher Education and Department of Education, Culture and Sports.^[1]
• May 31 – Sandiganbayan dismisses graft charges against former First Lady Imelda Marcos on the allegations of receiving bribes while she was the minister of human settlements, citing insufficient evidence.^[1]

June

• June 4 – Vice president Estrada resigns as chairperson of the Presidential Anti-Crime Commission, reportedly to prepare for his presidential bid.^[1]
• June 10 – The Supreme Court dismisses with finality the motion for reconsideration submitted by PIRMA proponents and government counsel for the constitutional reform, upholding its earlier decision stopping such attempts.^[1][13]
• June 14 – FVR declares that he had authorized the Legislative-Executive Development Advisory Council (LEDAC), to expedite a bill on people's initiative based on the reasons provided by the Supreme Court in rejecting the petition.^[13]
• June 22 – President Ramos signs Proclamation No. 1030 declaring the Philippine tarsier a specially protected fauna.^[1]
• June 23 – The military fires warning shots at a Chinese fishing vessel, which anchored near a Filipino-held island in the Spratlys.^[1]
• June 26:
  • Some 110 active law enforcement personnel are placed by the Intelligence community on a wanted list for alleged role in kidnapping activities.^[1]
  • Two passenger buses are hijacked by some 200 Moro rebels, who also take some sixty commuters as hostages. Army troops pursue the hostage-takers; ten people would be killed.^[1][where?]

July

• July 11 – The Philippines begin to experience the effect of the Asian financial crisis; the peso devalues by 11.5% with the peso-dollar rate recorded at ₱29.45. Further depreciation causes the Philippine Stock Exchange composite index to go down, and mainly affects the country's economic growth, with annual nominal GDP per capita drops by 12.5% from the previous year.^[14][15] The crisis affects numerous countries in East and Southeast Asia.
• July 16 – Sisters Marijoy and Jacqueline Chiong were abducted and killed in Cebu City, the suspects were later sentenced to death, which in turn would lead to the abolition of death penalty in 2006.

August

• August 2 – Kabankalan becomes a component city in the province of Negros Occidental through ratification of Republic Act 8297.
• August 15:
  • Ferry boat F/B King Roger, on board 43 tourists from Hong Kong, overturns and capsizes off Manila South Harbor while returning to the Manila Yacht Club marina from a tour of Manila Bay, killing seven.^[16]
  • Passenger ferry M/V Kalibo Star, with a Cebu–Tacloban route, overturns and sinks off Biliran, leaving at least 12 dead and 13 missing.^[16]
• August 19 – Agila-2 communications satellite was launched from China and began commercial service. It is the first satellite of the country not acquired while in orbit.

September

• September 4 – Simultaneous grenade explosions in bus terminals in Manila and Bulacan kill six and injure 105, mostly commuters.^[17] A previously unknown, pro-government group Filipino Soldiers for the Nation claims responsibility for these attacks.^[18][a]
• September 21 – The new presidential pronouncement is released which prompts anti-charter change groups led by the Catholic Church and former President Cory Aquino's allies to step up their campaign, culminating in an indignation rally at Rizal Park in Manila, during 25th anniversary of former President Ferdinand E. Marcos Sr. declaring martial law in the country.^[13]
• September 22 – Two overloaded PNR trains collide in Muntinlupa City, killing nine and injuring around 200; one of the country's worst train accidents.^[19][20]
• September 23 – The Supreme Court en banc unanimously rejects PIRMA's effort, with eight justices claiming there was no enabling law and six others saying the group's petition was faulty.^[21]
• September 25 – A clash between the armed men of Gov. Abdusakur Tan and Jolo Mayor Sout Tan occurs at Maimbung and Indanan towns in Sulu, killing 17 supporters from both rivals.^[22]
• September 30 – Anti-Rape Law (Republic Act 8353) is passed.^[23]

October

• October 5 – A cargo truck collides into a mini-bus in Tampilisan, Zamboanga del Norte with 25 people reportedly killed in what police considered as the worst road accident in the Zamboanga Peninsula area.^[24]
• October 6 – MILF conducts an execution of two individuals, who had been "sentenced to death" for multiple criminal charges, in Masiu, Lanao del Sur, said to be done by the virtue of the Islamic laws, causing public criticisms.^[25]
• October 27 – Pres. Ramos signs a law (RA 8368), repealing the Anti-Squatting Law (Presidential Decree 772); decriminalizing squatting but maintaining sanctions against professional squatters and squatting syndicates.^[23][26]
• October 28 – Pres. Ramos signs a law (RA 8369) creating special courts for the cases involving children and family relations.^[27]
• October 29 – Pres. Ramos signs Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act (RA 8371), a law protecting the rights of the indigenous sector to their ancestral domains and creating the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples.^[23][28]

November

• November 5 – The Supreme Court votes, 9–2, to declare a law (RA 8180) ending government regulatory control of the oil industry as unconstitutional.^[29]
• November 12 – A clash between MILF rebels and armed guards of a coconut plantation in Maguindanao ends with the deaths of Amin Cusain, an MILF leader, seven rebels and two civilians.^[30][a]

December

• December 22 – Pres. Ramos signed seven social reform bills into law, including computerization of the electoral process in the next year and subsequent general elections (RA 8436) and autonomy for the Cordilleras.^[31][32]
• December 26 – Heavy rains cause the collapse of the gold mine tunnels in Mount Diwata, Monkayo, then part of Davao del Norte; five are rescued; later reports confirm that 80 miners are killed.^[33]

Holidays

Main article: Public holidays in the Philippines

As per Executive Order No. 292, chapter 7 section 26, the following are regular holidays and special days, approved on July 25, 1987.^[34] Note that in the list, holidays in bold are "regular holidays" and those in italics are "nationwide special days".

• January 1 – New Year's Day
• March 27 – Maundy Thursday
• March 28 – Good Friday
• April 9 – Araw ng Kagitingan (Day of Valor)
• May 1 – Labor Day
• June 12 – Independence Day
• August 31 – National Heroes Day
• November 1 – All Saints Day
• November 30 – Bonifacio Day
• December 25 – Christmas Day
• December 30 – Rizal Day
• December 31 – Last Day of the Year

In addition, several other places observe local holidays, such as the foundation of their town. These are also "special days."

Entertainment and culture

• February 6 – Entertainment magazine columnist Cristy Fermin is convicted by a judicial court of libel, filed in 1995 by actress Annabelle Rama, whom she accused of embezzlement, along with her husband Eddie Gutierrez, in the United States. She is given a maximum of 1½-year prison sentence.^[35]
• February 22 – Jaya wins the grand prize in the 2nd Asian Song Festival held in Hong Kong, for her rendition of the song "You Lift Me Up".^[1]

Sports

• February 20 – Gerry Peñalosa defeats defending champion Hiroshi Kawashima of Japan in their boxing match in Tokyo, winning the WBC super flyweight title through a unanimous decision.^[1][36]
• May 17 – Luisito Espinosa retains the WBC featherweight title after defeating Mexican challenger Manuel Medina in Rizal Park in Manila.^[1]
• June 14 – Gerry Peñalosa defeats challenger Seung Koo-Lee of South Korea, retaining his WBC super flyweight title.^[1]
• October 11–19 – The Philippines participated at the 1997 Southeast Asian Games.
• November 22–23 – The Philippines as hosting the 1997 Asian Judo Championships held in Manila.
• December 14 – The Alaska Milkmen won against Purefoods Carne Norte Beefies, 4 games to 1, to retain the 1997 PBA Governors Cup title.

Births

January

• January 12 - Felip, singer-songwriter, rapper, dancer, producer and members of SB19
• January 20 – Kim Last, actor and That's My Bae contestant
• January 28 - Arthur Nery, singer and songwriter

February

• February 3 – Rhap Salazar, singer, songwriter and actor
• February 15 – Kit Thompson, actor
• February 19 – Justine Baltazar, basketball player

March

• March 10 – Julia Barretto, actress
• March 13 – Lou Yanong, actress and model
• March 16 - Roxie Smith, actress, model, endorser, event and television presenter, and beauty pageant titleholder

April

• April 3 – RK Ilagan, basketball player

May

• May 1 – Miles Ocampo, actress
• May 6:
  • Maymay Entrata, model, singer, composer, dancer and actress
  • Ranz Kyle, YouTube personality and dancer

June

• June 10 – Gavin "Ser Geybin" Capinpin, vlogger and YouTuber
• June 17;
  • Jameson Blake, actor and member of Hashtags
  • Wilbert Ross, actor, singer, dancer, and member of Hashtags

July

• July 2 – Jackie Buntan, Muay Thai kickboxer
• July 29 – Mathew Custodio, Footballer
• July 31:
  • Barbie Forteza, actress and dancer
  • EJ Laure, volleyball player

August

• August 5 – Jeremiah Tiangco, singer

September

• September 14 – Iñigo Pascual, actor and singer
• September 16 – Julian Trono, actor
• September 19 – Kobe Paras, basketball player
• September 22 – Maris Racal, actress, singer and dancer

October

• October 2 – Liezel Lopez, actress
• October 7:
  • Joshua Garcia, actor
  • J. Rey Soul, singer
• October 12 – Jimboy Martin, actor and member of Hashtags
• October 14 – Olivia McDaniel, footballer
• October 16 – Leila Alcasid, singer-songwriter and actress
• October 20 – Nicole Dulalia, actress
• October 22 – Kiara Takahashi, actress
• October 27 – Paulo Angeles, actor and member of Hashtags

November

• November 4 – Bea Binene, actress, broadcast journalist and television host
• November 28 – Claire Ruiz, actress

December

• December 4 – Ruru Madrid, actor
• December 17 – Jazz Ocampo, actress
• December 15 – Celeste Cortesi, actress and beauty pageant titleholder
• December 18 – Mikee Quintos, actress and singer

Deaths

• February 4 – Benjamin de Jesus, Jolo-based Roman Catholic bishop^[1][6]
• February 7 – Jose Garcia Villa, Filipino poet, writer and painter, National Artist of the Philippines (b. 1908)
• February 14 – Miguel Rodriguez, actor^[37] (b. 1962)
• April 6 – Max Alvarado, actor (b. 1929)
• April 21 – Diosdado Macapagal, former President of the Philippines (b. 1910)^[1]
• June 27 – Cesar Alzona, former author (b. 1926)
• July 2 – Chiquito, comic actor (b. 1928)^[1]
• July 7 – Rolando Tinio, filipino poet, dramatist, actor, essayist, and educator (b. 1937)
• October 7 – Felicisimo Ampon, tennis player (b. 1920)
• October 11 – Dencio Padilla, actor and comedian (b. 1929)

Television

Main article: 1997 in Philippine television

Notes

1. The date isn't specified in these sources.

References

1. Historical Calendar (1970–2000). Manila: National Historical Institute. 2006. ISBN 971-538-180-4.
2. "Transcript — Army troopers, MILF agreed to halt hostilities". The World Tonight; ABS-CBN News. January 27, 1997. Retrieved June 26, 2024 – via Philippine Network Foundation, Inc.
3. Citations:
   • "Transcript — Bus nahulog sa bangin, 19 patay". TV Patrol; ABS-CBN News (in Filipino). January 28, 1997. Retrieved June 26, 2024 – via Philippine Network Foundation, Inc.
   • "Transcript — More Chinese in danger / Bus accident". The World Tonight; ABS-CBN News. January 28, 1997. Retrieved June 26, 2024 – via Philippine Network Foundation, Inc.
4. Citations:
   • "Transcript — The final solution". The World Tonight; ABS-CBN News. January 28, 1997. Retrieved June 26, 2024 – via Philippine Network Foundation, Inc.
   • "Transcript — DENR completed extermination of 600 monkeys". The World Tonight; ABS-CBN News. January 31, 1997. Retrieved June 26, 2024 – via Philippine Network Foundation, Inc.
5. Citations:
   • "Transcript — SC upholds "Filipino First" Policy; orders GSIS to sell the Manila Hotel to a local company". The World Tonight; ABS-CBN News. February 3, 1997. Retrieved June 26, 2024 – via Philippine Network Foundation, Inc.
   • "Transcript — Rebidding sa bentahan ng Manila Hotel". TV Patrol; ABS-CBN News (in Filipino). February 21, 1997. Retrieved June 26, 2024 – via Philippine Network Foundation, Inc.
6. "Transcript — Bishop De Jesus ng Jolo pinaslang". TV Patrol; ABS-CBN News (in Filipino). February 4, 1997. Retrieved June 26, 2024 – via Philippine Network Foundation, Inc.
7. Citations:
   • "Transcript — Oil deregulation". TV Patrol; ABS-CBN News (in Filipino). February 4, 1997. Retrieved June 26, 2024 – via Philippine Network Foundation, Inc.
   • "Transcript — All set for full Oil Deregulation on February 8". The World Tonight; ABS-CBN News. February 6, 1997. Retrieved June 26, 2024 – via Philippine Network Foundation, Inc.
   • "Transcript — SC Orders palace to justify oil deregulation". The World Tonight; ABS-CBN News. February 11, 1997. Retrieved June 26, 2024 – via Philippine Network Foundation, Inc.
8. Citations:
   • "Transcript — 2 pang bangkay sa nag-crash na eroplano natagpuan". TV Patrol; ABS-CBN News (in Filipino). February 17, 1997. Retrieved June 26, 2024 – via Philippine Network Foundation, Inc.
   • "Transcript — 2 Bodies of crash victims recovered". The World Tonight; ABS-CBN News. February 3, 1997. Retrieved June 26, 2024 – via Philippine Network Foundation, Inc.
   • "Transcript — Isa pang bangkay sa plane crash, natagpuan". TV Patrol; ABS-CBN News (in Filipino). February 18, 1997. Retrieved June 26, 2024 – via Philippine Network Foundation, Inc.
   • "Transcript — Bangkay ni Llamas natagpuan sa Tanza". TV Patrol; ABS-CBN News (in Filipino). February 19, 1997. Retrieved June 26, 2024 – via Philippine Network Foundation, Inc.
9. Citations:
   • "Transcript — Eroplanong sinakyan ni Bishop Antonio binaril —AOPA". TV Patrol; ABS-CBN News (in Filipino). February 17, 1997. Retrieved June 26, 2024 – via Philippine Network Foundation, Inc.
   • "Transcript — Pananabotahe sa kaso ni Bishop Nepomuceno isinasantabi". TV Patrol; ABS-CBN News (in Filipino). February 18, 1997. Retrieved June 26, 2024 – via Philippine Network Foundation, Inc.
   • "Transcript — Bangkay ni Llamas natagpuan sa Tanza". TV Patrol; ABS-CBN News (in Filipino). February 19, 1997. Retrieved June 26, 2024 – via Philippine Network Foundation, Inc.
10. Citations:
    • "Transcript — Pagsasa-pribado ng MWSS, tuloy na". TV Patrol; ABS-CBN News (in Filipino). February 19, 1997. Retrieved June 26, 2024 – via Philippine Network Foundation, Inc.
    • "Transcript — MWSS privatization proceeds as TRO is lifted". The World Tonight; ABS-CBN News. February 19, 1997. Retrieved June 26, 2024 – via Philippine Network Foundation, Inc.
    • "Transcript — MWSS handed to winning bidders; CA shelved TRO". The World Tonight; ABS-CBN News. February 21, 1997. Retrieved June 26, 2024 – via Philippine Network Foundation, Inc.
11. Citations:
    • "Transcript — Santiago, 90 araw na suspindido sa Senado". TV Patrol; ABS-CBN News (in Filipino). February 19, 1997. Retrieved June 26, 2024 – via Philippine Network Foundation, Inc.
    • "Transcript — Santiago meted a 90-day suspension for graft". The World Tonight; ABS-CBN News. February 19, 1997. Retrieved June 26, 2024 – via Philippine Network Foundation, Inc.
12. Citations:
    • "Transcript — San Pedro Police Chief, sinibak sa pagtakas ng lider ng Solido gang". TV Patrol; ABS-CBN News (in Filipino). February 24, 1997. Retrieved June 26, 2024 – via Philippine Network Foundation, Inc.
    • "Transcript — Solido gang lider, pumuga". TV Patrol; ABS-CBN News (in Filipino). February 24, 1997. Retrieved June 26, 2024 – via Philippine Network Foundation, Inc.
13. Samonte, Severino (December 29, 2023). "How the first Charter Change proposal started in 1997?". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
14. —"The 1997-98 Asian financial crisis" Federation of American Scientists Project on Government Secrecy. February 6, 1998.
    —"Timeline of the crash" PBS. June 1999.
    —"Asian financial crisis of 1997" International Banker. September 29, 2021.
    —"Asian Financial Crisis" Corporate Finance Institute. 2015.
    —"The Asian financial crisis (Part 2: The Philippine response)" BusinessMirror. July 4, 2017.
    All aforementioned were retrieved 02-19-2022.
15. "#Journeyto30" by Epi Fabonan III, Philstar.com: (1997) "A pole vault into crisis" January 2, 2016. Retrieved August 1, 2018.
16. Maritime accidents:
    • Cortes, Claro (August 16, 1997). "Two Boats Capsize In Rough Seas 16 Dead, 65 Missing When Ferry, Tour Boat Sink In Philippines". Associated Press. Retrieved July 13, 2024 – via The Spokesman-Review.
    • "Major marine mishaps in the Philippines". GMA News Online. June 23, 2008. Retrieved July 13, 2024.
17. "Bombs kill 6 in Manila, Bulacan" PHNO. 09-04-1997. Retrieved 02-17-2022.
18. Citations:
    • Ross, Christopher (April 1998). Patterns of Global Terrorism: 1997. United States: United States Department of State; DIANE Publishing. pp. 11–12. ISBN 0-7881-7558-0. Retrieved July 13, 2024 – via Google Books.
    • "Patterns of Global Terrorism: 1997 — Asia Overview". United States Department of State — Archive. Government of the United States. January 20, 2001. Retrieved July 13, 2024.
19. "9 dead in Metro train collision" PHNO. 09-23-1997. Retrieved 02-17-2022.
20. —"Philippines: 6 reported dead after 2 commuter trains crash" AP Archive. 09-22-1997. Retrieved 02-18-2022. —"Seven killed, 220 injured in Philippine train collision" AP. 09-23-1997. Retrieved 02-18-2022.
    —"At least 7 die in Philippine train crash" AP (via Deseret News). 09-22-1997. Retrieved 02-18-2022.
21. "What Went Before: Past Charter-change attempts". May 21, 2013. pp. INQUIRER.NET. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
22. "17 die in tribal war over lost cow" PHNO. 09-29-1997. Retrieved 02-17-2022.
23. "Social Reform Agenda Yearend Report" (12-31-1997) Manila Standard, pp. 7–10. (Link) Retrieved 02-18-2022.
24. "Zamboanga bus-truck accident kills 25" PHNO. 10-05-1997. Retrieved 02-17-2022.
25. "Murder cases against MILF executioners" PHNO. 10-29-1997. Retrieved 02-17-2022.
26. "Squatting decriminalized, Ramos signs law" PHNO. 10-28-1997. Retrieved 02-17-2022.
27. "Ramos signs family courts law" PHNO. 10-29-1997. Retrieved 02-17-2022.
28. "Law on indigenous people signed" PHNO. 10-30-1997. Retrieved 02-17-2022.
29. "Oil deregulation law declared unconstitutional" PHNO. 11-06-1997. Retrieved 02-17-2022.
30. "MILF leader, 9 others killed in Maguindanao clash" PHNO. 11-12-1997. Retrieved 02-17-2022.
31. "FVR signs 7 social reform laws" PHNO. 12-24-1997. Retrieved 02-17-2022.
32. Maragay, Fel V. (12-23-1997). "'Xmas basket' of laws, including poll computerization, signed" Manila Standard, pp. 1, 4. (Link) Retrieved 02-18-2022.
33. —"Miners buried in Davao gold mountain" PHNO. 12-31-1997. Retrieved 02-17-2022. —"Survivors found in Davao mine collapse" PHNO. 01-01-1998. Retrieved 02-17-2022.
    —"80 confirmed dead in Davao mines" PHNO. 01-12-1998. Retrieved 02-17-2022.
34. "Executive Order No. 292 [BOOK I/Chapter 7-Regular Holidays and Nationwide Special Days]". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. July 25, 1987. Archived from the original on September 3, 2017. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
35. "Transcript — Gossip queen convicted sa salang libelo". TV Patrol; ABS-CBN News (in Filipino). February 6, 1997. Retrieved June 26, 2024 – via Philippine Network Foundation, Inc.
36. Citations:
    • "Transcript — Peñalosa is WBC's new Super-flyweight King". The World Tonight; ABS-CBN News. February 20, 1997. Retrieved June 26, 2024 – via Philippine Network Foundation, Inc.
    • "Transcript — The new champion comes home". The World Tonight; ABS-CBN News. February 21, 1997. Retrieved June 26, 2024 – via Philippine Network Foundation, Inc.
37. "Transcript — Miguel di totoong nagpakamatay –Rodriguez Family". TV Patrol; ABS-CBN News (in Filipino). February 17, 1997. Retrieved June 26, 2024 – via Philippine Network Foundation, Inc.