Urban rail transit in China
Map of cities in Greater China (mainland China , the SARs , and Taiwan ) with rapid transit , commuter rail and light rail systems. The two higher-resolution maps to the left show the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and Pearl River Delta (PRD) regions. Operational systems
Systems under construction
Urban rail transit in China encompasses a broad range of urban and suburban electric passenger rail mass transit systems including subway , light rail , tram and maglev .[1] Some classifications also include non-rail bus rapid transport . As of 31 December 2023, China has the world's longest urban rail transit system with more than 10,000 km (6,200 mi) of urban rail nationwide in 49 systems in 47 cities, accounting for 9 of the 10 longest metro systems, with the exceptions of the Moscow Metro [2] or metro systems in Seoul combined if metro systems in the same cities are merged in the rank.
China has put 233 urban rail transit lines into operation in 44 cities with length more than 7,500 km (4,700 mi) by 2020,[3] and 6,100 km (3,800 mi) by 2019.[4] Half of the top 10 busiest metro systems are in China,[5] and the Beijing Subway , though started operating in 1971, is now the longest metro system worldwide.[6] [7] [8]
History
RT systems among Provincial-level administrative divisions
Province
System(s)
#
Length (km)
BJ
Beijing
1
836.0
TJ
Tianjin
1
309.9
HE
Shijiazhuang
1
76.5
SX
Taiyuan
1
23.7
NM
Hohhot
1
49.0
LN
Dalian , Shenyang
2
400.8
JL
Changchun
1
111.2
HL
Harbin
1
83.7
SH
Shanghai , Maglev line
2
831.0
JS
Nanjing , Suzhou , Wuxi , Changzhou , Xuzhou , Nantong
6
1034.5
ZJ
Hangzhou , Ningbo , Wenzhou , Shaoxing , Hanghai line , Jinhua , Taizhou
7
1077.2
AH
Hefei , Ningchu line , Wuhu
3
294.3
FJ
Fuzhou , Xiamen
2
237.4
JX
Nanchang
1
128.4
SD
Qingdao , Jinan
2
402.2
HA
Zhengzhou , Luoyang
2
388.3
HB
Wuhan
1
486.0
HN
Changsha , Maglev line
2
226.4
GD
Guangzhou , Shenzhen , Foshan , Dongguan
4
1358.6
GX
Nanning
1
127.9
HI
CQ
Chongqing
1
520.3
SC
Chengdu
1
561.6
GZ
Guiyang
1
118.7
YN
Kunming
1
184.1
XZ
SN
Xi'an
1
311.0
GS
Lanzhou
1
35.0
QH
NX
XJ
Ürümqi
1
27.6
HK
Hong Kong
1
204.4
MO
Macau
1
12.5
Several Chinese cities had urban electric tramways in the early 20th century , most of which were dismantled in the 1950s–1970s. The only surviving tramways are in Dalian (Dairen) and Changchun (see trams in Dalian and trams in Changchun ). Nanjing (Nanking) had an urban railway [zh ] from 1907 to 1958.
The first subway in China was built in Beijing in 1969 (but it was only handed to civilian control in 1981 and trial operations ended later in the same year; before which credentials were required). The Tianjin Metro followed in 1984. The MTR Corporation Limited from across the border in Hong Kong has investment, consulting and management stakes in the rapid transit systems of several mainland Chinese cities (having completed their first section of subway and entered into revenue operation in 1979 in New Kowloon, at the time when the territory was under British rule ).
The rapid growth of the Chinese economy since the 1980s has created a huge surge in demand for urban transport. This prompted cities across China to pursue and draft proposals for subway networks, with Shanghai and Guangzhou opening their first sections of subway in the 1990s, inspiring more cities to propose subway networks. In 1995, the Central Government, alarmed by the high cost and financial debt from these ambitious subway plans, put out a "notice on the suspension of approval of urban underground rapid rail transit projects" barring new subway systems outside of Beijing, Tianjin, Guangzhou and Shanghai from being built.[9] At the time Nanjing , Wuhan , Chongqing , Dalian and Shenzhen had advanced proposals waiting to be approved. Wuhan , Chongqing , Dalian managed to circumvent the moratorium on subway construction by constructing and opening lower cost elevated lines, light metros , and monorails in the early 2000s. Changchun was the first city constructing real light rail system in China, which began operation in 2002. Its first transit line, Line 3 , is a light rail line not fully grade separated, still having four level crossings as of 2023. It's also the only rapid transit system combined light rail and rapid transit lines in China, which can directly transfer to each other.[citation needed ]
Rapid urbanization of China led to severe congestion and pollution in urban areas leading to the suspension being lifted. Initially, light metro lines using small profile and shorter rolling stock were constructed to reduce costs. It was assumed that as ridership grows the line will operate trains at a low headway to increase capacity. This design paradigm was known in China as "small rolling stock, high density" operation.[10] [11] [12] However, after a few years operating, many of these lines such as Guangzhou Metro Line 3 , Line 6 , Shanghai Metro Line 6 , and Line 8 were severely overcapacity. Guangzhou Metro Line 3 was able to reconfigure from 3-car trains into 6-car trains to slightly relieve overcapacity. This led many cities such as Beijing, Guangzhou, Wuhan and Chengdu to use higher capacity designs on newer lines.[citation needed ]
Since the mid-2000s, the growth of rapid transit systems in Chinese cities has rapidly accelerated, with most of the world's new subway mileage in the past decade opening in China.[13] [6] [14] [15] From 2009 to 2015, China built 87 mass transit rail lines, totaling 3,100 km (1,900 mi), in 25 cities at the cost of ¥ 988.6 billion.[16] In 2016, the Chinese government lowered the minimum population criteria for a city to start planning a metro system from 3 million to 1.5 million residents.[17] As part of its 13th Five Year Plan , the Chinese government published a transport whitepaper titled "Development of China's Transport". The plan envisions a more sustainable transport system with priority focused on high-capacity public transit particularly urban rail transit and bus rapid transit . All cities with over 3 million residents will start or continue to develop urban rail networks. Regional rail networks will be constructed internally connect and integrate urban agglomerations such as the Jingjinji , Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta areas.[18] [19] In 2017, some 43 smaller third-tier cities in China have received approval to develop subway lines.[20]
Urban rapid transit systems
Statistics
Urban rapid transit systems
System
Locale
Administrative division
Lines
Stations[a]
Length (km(mi))
Operation start
Most recent expansion
Annual ridership
Busiest station
Ave. daily ridership (thousands)[21] [b]
Beijing Subway ( )
Beijing & Langfang
Beijing & Hebei
25[c]
381[c]
815.2 km (506.5 mi)[c]
1969-10-01[d]
2023-12-30
3848.4 million (2018)[22]
Xizhimen (2018)[23]
10,821.5
6,252.2
8,370.8
Changchun Rail Transit
Changchun
Jilin
6[e]
109[f]
140.77 km (87.47 mi)[g]
2017-09-30[h]
2024-03-28
127.3 million (2018)[23]
Changchun Railway Station (2018)[23]
653.4
420.3
534.2
Changsha Metro
Changsha & Xiangtan
Hunan
7
135
207.9 km (129.2 mi)
2014-04-29
2023-06-28
250.3 million (2018)[23] [i]
Wuyi Square (2018)[23]
904.9
1,033.3
1,582.4
Changsha Maglev Express
Changsha
Hunan
1
3
18.55 km (11.53 mi)
2016-05-06
N/A
South Railway Station
Changzhou Metro
Changzhou
Jiangsu
2
43
54.03 km (33.57 mi)[24]
2019-09-21
2021-06-28
10.3 million (2019)
167.5
65.3
131.1
Chengdu Metro
Chengdu
Sichuan
13[j]
291[j]
561.67 km (349.01 mi)[j]
2010-09-27
2023-11-28
1157.6 million (2018)[23]
Chunxi Road (2018)[23]
3,829.8
3,310.5
4,885.3
Chongqing Rail Transit
Chongqing
Chongqing
11
256
523.68 km (325.40 mi)
2004-11-06
2023-12-28
857.9 million (2018)[23]
Lianglukou (2018)[23]
2,845.6
2,290.0
2,992.0
Dalian Metro ( )
Dalian
Liaoning
6
100
237.74 km (147.72 mi)
2002-11-08
2023-03-17
192.3 million (2018)[23]
Xi'an Road (2018)[23]
568.6
342.9
426.2
Dongguan Rail Transit
Dongguan
Guangdong
1
15
37.7 km (23.4 mi)
2016-05-27
N/A
46.1 million (2018)[23]
Hongfu Road (2018)[23]
147.5
97.5
111.4
Foshan Metro
Foshan & Guangzhou
Guangdong
3
61
112.7 km (70.0 mi)
2010-11-03
2022-12-28
110 million (2017)[25]
Zumiao (2017)[25]
83.5
Fuzhou Metro
Fuzhou
Fujian
5
90
143.5 km (89.2 mi)
2016-05-16
2023-08-27
227.766 million (2023)[26]
Dongjiekou (2018)[23]
294.7
259.5
340.4
310.3
624.0
Guangzhou Metro
Guangzhou & Foshan
Guangdong
16
251[k] [l]
613.21 km (381.03 mi)[m] [l]
1997-06-28
2023-12-28
3029.5 million (2018)[23] [n] [l]
Tiyu Xilu (2018)[23]
9,057.2
6,591.6
7,755.4
Guiyang Metro
Guiyang
Guizhou
3
82
118.73 km (73.78 mi)
2017-12-28
2023-12-16
7.4 million (2018)[23]
West Zhongshan Road (2018)[23]
149.2
122.1
294.7
Hangzhou Metro ( )
Hangzhou
Zhejiang
12
254
516.2 km (320.8 mi)
2012-11-24
2022-09-22
529.9 million (2018)[23]
East Railway Station (2018)[23]
1,737.1
970.9
2,432.7
Harbin Metro
Harbin
Heilongjiang
3
66
83.8 km (52.1 mi)
2013-09-26
2023-12-26
97.4 million (2018)[23]
The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (2018)[23]
284.0
140.9
195.5
Hefei Metro
Hefei
Anhui
5
154
201.95 km (125.49 mi)
2016-12-26
2023-12-26
153.2 million (2018)[23]
Dadongmen (2018)[23]
492.7
532.9
739.2
Hohhot Metro
Hohhot
Inner Mongolia
2
43
49.039 km (30.471 mi)
2019-12-29
2020-10-01
143.4
147.2
Mass Transit Railway ( )
Hong Kong
Hong Kong SAR
10
99
209.0 km (129.9 mi)
1979-10-01[o]
2022-05-15
1767 million (2017)[27] [R Nb 1]
Admiralty
Jinan Metro
Jinan
Shandong
3
41
84.25 km (52.35 mi)
2019-04-01
2021-03-26
172.8
189.1
Jinhua Rail Transit
Jinhua
Zhejiang
2
31
106.451 km (66.146 mi)
2022-08-30
2023-04-07
Not opened
Not opened
Not opened
Kunming Metro
Kunming
Yunnan
6
103
164.3 km (102.1 mi)
2012-06-28
2022-06-29
199.6 million (2018)[23]
Dongfeng Square (2018)[23]
586.1
435.1
606.8
Lanzhou Metro
Lanzhou
Gansu
2
27
34.96 km (21.72 mi)[28]
2019-06-23
2023-06-29
181.1
197.5
184.4
Luoyang Subway
Luoyang
Henan
2
33
43.554 km (27.063 mi)
2021-03-28
2021-12-26
Not opened
Not opened
92.0
Macau Light Rapid Transit
Macau
Macau SAR
1
12
12.5 km (7.8 mi)[29]
2019-12-10[29]
2023-12-08
Nanchang Metro
Nanchang
Jiangxi
4
94
128.3 km (79.7 mi)
2015-12-26
2021-12-26
141.8 million (2018)[23] [30]
Bayi Square (2015-2020)[31]
488.1
373.9
707.5
Nanjing Metro
Nanjing
Jiangsu
13
206
505.86 km (314.33 mi)
2005-09-03
2023-12-28
1118.8 million (2018)[23]
Xinjiekou (2018)[23]
3,153.8
2,179.9
2,404.9
Nanning Metro
Nanning
Guangxi
5
93
128.2 km (79.7 mi)
2016-06-28
2021-12-16
213.6 million (2018)[23]
Chaoyang Square (2018)[23]
748.4
569.6
786.8
Nantong Metro
Nantong
Jiangsu
2
43
60.03 km (37.30 mi)
2022-11-10
2023-12-27
Not opened
Not opened
Not opened
Ningbo Rail Transit
Ningbo
Zhejiang
5
116
185.36 km (115.18 mi)
2014-05-30
2022-12-01
124.4 million (2018)[23]
Gulou (2018)[23]
424.9
297.6
689.2
Qingdao Metro
Qingdao
Shandong
7
150
311.5 km (193.6 mi)
2015-12-16
2023-10-26
153.9 million (2018)[23]
May 4th Square (2018)[23]
515.2
316.0
686.8
Shanghai Metro ( )
Shanghai & Kunshan
Shanghai & Jiangsu
19
408
802.2 km (498.5 mi)
1993-05-28
2021-12-30
3710.2 million (2018)[23]
People's Square (2018)[23]
10,627.3
7,744.8
9,765.4
Shanghai Maglev Train
Shanghai
Shanghai
1
2
29.863 km (18.556 mi)
2002-12-31
N/A
Longyang Road
Shaoxing Metro
Shaoxing
Zhejiang
2
35
57.83 km (35.93 mi)
2021-06-28[32]
2023-07-26
Not opened
Not opened
Shenyang Metro
Shenyang
Liaoning
5
111
163.7 km (101.7 mi)
2010-09-27
2023-09-29
329.9 million (2018)[23]
Qingniandajie (2018)[23]
892.0
846.9
1,049.7
Shenzhen Metro ( )
Shenzhen
Guangdong
16
307
555.43 km (345.13 mi)
2004-12-28
2023-12-27
1646.1 million (2018)[23]
Laojie (2018)[23]
5,493.7
4,413.0
5,953.6
Shijiazhuang Metro
Shijiazhuang
Hebei
3
60
76.5 km (47.5 mi)[33]
2017-06-26
2021-04-06
87.6 million (2018)[23] [34]
Xinbaiguangchang (2018)[23]
262.1
195.7
282.4
Suzhou Rail Transit
Suzhou
Jiangsu
6
181
249.47 km (155.01 mi)
2012-04-28
2023-06-24
363 million (2019)[23]
Dongfangzhimen (2018)[23]
994.6
828.7
1,107.4
Taiyuan Metro
Taiyuan
Shanxi
1
23
23.647 km (14.694 mi)[35]
2020-12-26
N/A
Not opened
146.9
106.8
Taizhou Rail Transit
Taizhou
Zhejiang
1
15
52.568 km (32.664 mi)
2022-12-28
N/A
Not opened
Not opened
Not opened
Tianjin Metro ( )
Tianjin
Tianjin
10
192
301.0 km (187.0 mi)
1980-08-10[p]
2023-12-28
408.5 million (2018)[23]
Tianjinzhan (2018)[23]
1,435.9
933.6
1,263.8
Ürümqi Metro
Ürümqi
Xinjiang
1
21
27.615 km (17.159 mi)
2018-10-25
2019-06-28
2.4 million (2018)[23]
Wenzhou Rail Transit
Wenzhou
Zhejiang
2
36
116.452 km (72.360 mi)
2019-01-23
2023-08-26
109.7
236.2
27.8
Wuhan Metro
Wuhan
Hubei
12
262[36]
486.3 km (302.2 mi)[36]
2004-07-24
2023-12-30
1054.0 million (2018)[23]
Jianghan Road (2018)[23]
3,349.4
2,055.0
2,737.9
Wuhu Rail Transit
Wuhu
Anhui
2
35
46.25 km (28.74 mi)
2021-11-03
2021-12-28
Not opened
Not opened
51.3
Wuxi Metro
Wuxi
Jiangsu
5
89
145.2 km (90.2 mi)
2014-07-01
2024-01-31
103.1 million (2018)[23]
Sanyang Plaza (2018)[23]
356.8
400.9
Xi'an Metro
Xi'an & Xianyang
Shaanxi
9
191
311.0 km (193.2 mi)
2011-09-16
2023-09-21
746.2 million (2018)[23]
Xiaozhai (2018)[23]
2,589.9
1,996.3
2,811.4
Xiamen Metro
Xiamen
Fujian
3
70
98.4 km (61.1 mi)
2017-12-31
2023-06-25
246.4158 million (2023)[26]
Lücuo (2020)[26]
159.4
312.2
464.4
540.3
675.1
Xuzhou Metro
Xuzhou
Jiangsu
3
51
64.35 km (39.99 mi)[37]
2019-09-28
2021-06-28
7.5 million (2019)
Zhengzhou Metro
Zhengzhou
Henan
11
187
344.2 km (213.9 mi)
2013-12-28
2023-12-28
293.4 million (2018)[23]
Zhengzhou Railway Station (2018)[23]
1,126.6
930.2
1,378.6
Total
50 locales
29 administrative divisions
291
5,592[a] [q]
10,186.24 km (6,329.44 mi)
23.063 billion
65.077 million
48.094 million
64.752 million
^ a b All interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted once.
^ Ridership for the past 5 years.
^ a b c Both Xijiao Line and Yizhuang T1 line are light rail lines and are not fully grade separated.
^ Open for public operation on 15 January 1971 (1971-01-15).
^ 3 metro lines, 3 light rail lines
^ 54 stations on metro lines, 62 stations on light rail lines, 7 stations are metro-light rail transfer station
^ 72.57 km (45.09 mi) of metro lines, 68.2 km (42.4 mi) of light rail lines
^ First line opened on 2002-10-30, as a light rail system
^ Changsha Maglev Express is excluded.
^ a b c Not including Chengdu Tram Line 2 , which is a light rail line and not fully grade separated.
^ 272, if Guangfo line (21 unique stations, 25 total stations) is included. Also see Foshan Metro .
^ a b c Not including Haizhu Tram (THZ1), which is a light rail line and not fully grade separated.
^ 652.81 km, if Guangfo line (39.6 km) is included. Also see Foshan Metro .
^ Guangfo line is excluded. Also see Foshan Metro .
^ The Kowloon–Canton Railway (Current East Rail line /ERL) begin operation single track on 1 October 1910 (1910-10-01). Begin operation on 1 October 1979 (1979-10-01) as MTR Corporation and 24 December 1982 (1982-12-24) as KCRC . ERL electrification completed by 16 July 1983 (1983-07-16). [citation needed ] ERL double-track completed by 27 February 1984 (1984-02-27). KCRC operations taken over by MTR on 2 December 2007 (2007-12-02).
^ Open for public operation on 28 December 1984 (1984-12-28). The system was closed on 1 September 2001 (2001-09-01) for renovation and reopened on 12 June 2006 (2006-06-12).
^ There are 12 stations between systems that are not counted multiple times, 6 between Foshan Metro and Guangzhou Metro , 2 between Shanghai Metro and Shanghai maglev train , 2 between Changsha Metro and Changsha Maglev Express , 1 between Shanghai Metro and Suzhou Rail Transit , and 1 between Hangzhou Metro and Shaoxing Metro .
^ Note that:
Annual ridership is derived from the sum of each month's "Monthly Total" for each year
The ridership includes "MTR Lines", "Airport Express" and "Cross-boundary".
"Intercity, Light Rail & Bus" are excluded from the counts.
Urban rapid transit lines
Legend
– Lines in operation – Lines under testing
Commencement dates of lines and extensions
Legend
– Lines / extensions in operation.
– Lines / extensions under testing.
^ a b Line realignment, previously part of Line 1 since 24 November 2012 (2012-11-24).
^ Metro standardization completion, previously, a non-electrified single-track line since 1 October 1910 (1910-10-01).
^ Line realignment, previously part of Line 1 since 1 October 1969 (1969-10-01).
^ Line realignment, previously part of Line 2 since 28 June 2003 (2003-06-28).
^ Line realignment, previously part of Line 2 since 26 December 2005 (2005-12-26).
^ Metro standardization completion, previously, a non-electrified single-track since 27 February 1974 (1974-11-30).
^ Metro standardization completion, previously, a non-electrified single-track since 27 October 1910 (1910-10-01).
^ Metro standardization completion, previously, a non-electrified single-track since 16 May 1930 (1930-05-16).
^ Metro standardization completion, previously, a non-electrified single-track since 14 October 1949 (1949-10-14).
Currently operational
Anhui
System
Information
Currently operational
Currently under construction
Map
Ref.
Hefei Metro 合肥地铁
Locale
Hefei
1 2 3 4 5
2 East extension
3 South extension
4 Southwest section
6
7
8
S1
Began operation
26 December 2016
Lines in operation
5
No. of stations
136
Network length
176.15 km (109 mi)
Ridership
1,230,200 (31 December 2020 record). 179.8 million (2019)
Wuhu Rail Transit 芜湖轨道交通
Locale
Wuhu
1 2
Began operation
3 November 2021
Lines in operation
2
No. of stations
35
Network length
46.25 km (29 mi)
Ridership
N/A
Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei
Chongqing-Sichuan
System
Information
Currently operational
Currently under construction
Map
Ref.
Chengdu Metro 成都地铁
Locale
Chengdu
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 17 18 19
8 Phase 2
10 Phase 3
13
17 Phase 2
18 Phase 3
27
30
Began operation
27 September 2010
Lines in operation
12
No. of stations
284 (List )
Network length
518.5 km (322.2 mi)
Ridership
5,649,500 (daily record) 1398 million (2019 annual)
Chongqing Rail Transit (CRT) Chongqing Metro重庆轨道交通
Locale
Chongqing
Loop 1 2 3 4 5 6 9 10 18
4 Phase 2 & Western extension
6 Eastern extension
7
15
17
18 Northern extension
24
27
[220] [221] [222]
Began operation
6 November 2004
Lines in operation
10
No. of stations
238 (List )
Network length
485.02 km (301 mi)
Ridership
3,872,000 (peak day) 2,846,356 (daily avg.) 1038.9 million (2019)
Fujian
System
Information
Currently operational
Currently under construction
Map
Ref.
Fuzhou Metro 福州地铁
Locale
Fuzhou
1 2 4 5 6
2 Eastern extension
4 Phase 1 Rest Part
5 Eastern extension
6 Southern extension
Binhai Express
Began operation
18 May 2016
Lines in operation
5
No. of stations
90
Network length
139 km (86 mi)
Ridership
553,600 (31 December 2020 Record) 227.766 million (2023 annual)
Xiamen Metro (AMTR)厦门地铁
Locale
Xiamen
1
2
3
3 Phase 2
4
6
Began operation
31 December 2017
Lines in operation
3
No. of stations
70
Network length
98.4 km (61.1 mi)
Ridership
944,200 (2 May 2021 Record) 246.4158 million (2023 annual)
Gansu
System
Information
Currently operational
Currently under construction
Map
Ref.
Lanzhou Metro 兰州轨道交通
Locale
Lanzhou
1
2
3
4
5
Began operation
23 June 2019
Lines in operation
2
No. of stations
27
Network length
34.96 km (21.7 mi)[28]
Ridership
301,300 (1 Oktober 2020 Record) 32.4 million (2019 annual)
Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau
System
Information
Currently operational
Currently under construction
Map
Ref.
Dongguan Rail Transit Dongguan Metro东莞轨道交通
Locale
Dongguan
2
1
2 Phase 3
Began operation
27 May 2016
Lines in operation
1
No. of stations
15
Network length
37.743 km (23 mi)
Ridership
300,300 (1 Oktober 2019 record). 53.6 million (2019).
Foshan Metro (FMetro)佛山地铁
Locale
Foshan & Guangzhou
1 ( Guangfo ) 2 3
3 Northern & Southern extension
4
11
[Note 3] [Note 4]
Began operation
3 November 2010
Lines in operation
3
No. of stations
61 (List )
Network length
112.7 km (70 mi)
Ridership
677,900 (31 December 2020 record).
Guangzhou Metro 广州地铁
Locale
Guangzhou
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 13
14 18 21 22
APM Guangfo
3 Eastern extension
6 Shahe station
8 Northern extension
10
11
12
13 Phase 2
14 Mainline Phase 2
18 Northern Extension
22 Northern Extension
24
[Note 3] [223] [224] [225]
Began operation
28 June 1997
Lines in operation
16
No. of stations
261 (List )
Network length
621.05 km (385.9 mi)
Ridership
11,569,400 (31 December 2019 record). 3305.9 million (2019 annual)
Macau Light Rapid Transit (Metro Ligeiro de Macau, MLM)澳門輕軌
Locale
Macau
Taipa
Seac Pai Van Hengqin
Began operation
10 December 2019[29]
Lines in operation
1
No. of stations
11
Network length
9.3 km (6 mi)[29]
Ridership
48,700 (25 December 2019 record). 0.6 million (2019)
Mass Transit Railway (MTR)港鐵 Including Kowloon–Canton Railway
Locale
Hong Kong
Kwun Tong line
Tuen Ma line
South Island line
Tung Chung line
East Rail line
Island line
Tseung Kwan O line
Tsuen Wan line
Disneyland Resort line
Airport Express
Tuen Ma line Extension
Tung Chung line Extension
[Note 5]
Began operation
2 December 2007 (1 October 1979 old MTR) (1 October 1910 KCR)
Lines in operation
10
No. of stations
99 (List )
Network length
209.0 km (129.9 mi)
Ridership
8,864,700 (22 January 2020 record). 3128.1 million (2019 annual)
Shenzhen Metro 深圳地铁
Locale
Shenzhen
1 2 3 4 5 6 6B 7 8 9 10 11 12 14 16 20
3 East Ext
5 West Ext
6B phase 2
7 phase 2
8 phase 3
11 phase 2
12 phase 2
13
15
16 phase 2
17
20 South Ext
22
25
[226] [227] [228]
Began operation
28 December 2004
Lines in operation
16
No. of stations
303 (List )
Network length
547.42 km (340 mi)
Ridership
7,708,300 (31 December 2010). 2017.6 million (2019 annual)
Guangxi
System
Information
Currently operational
Currently under construction
Map
Ref.
Nanning Metro 南宁地铁
Locale
Nanning
1 2 3 4 5
4 Eastern extension
6
Began operation
28 June 2016
Lines in operation
5
No. of stations
93
Network length
128.2 km (80 mi)
Ridership
1,432,600 (1 January 2021 record). 273.3 million (2019).
Guizhou
System
Information
Currently operational
Currently under construction
Map
Ref.
Guiyang Metro (GYURT)贵阳地铁(贵阳轨道交通)
Locale
Guiyang
1
2
3
S1
Began operation
28 December 2017
Lines in operation
2
No. of stations
55
Network length
75.7 km (47.0 mi)
Ridership
183,000 (2 December 2018 record). 50.6 million (2019).
Heilongjiang
System
Information
Currently operational
Currently under construction
Map
Ref.
Harbin Metro 哈尔滨地铁
Locale
Harbin
1
2
3
3 Phase 2
Began operation
26 September 2013
Lines in operation
3
No. of stations
62
Network length
79.4 km (49 mi)
Ridership
392,400 (31 December 2019). 103.2 million (2019).
Henan
System
Information
Currently operational
Currently under construction
Map
Ref.
Luoyang Subway 洛阳地铁
Locale
Luoyang
1 2
N/A
Began operation
28 March 2021
Lines in operation
2
No. of stations
33
Network length
43.558 km (27 mi)
Ridership
Zhengzhou Metro 郑州地铁
Locale
Zhengzhou
1 2 3 4 5 6 10 12 14 Chengjiao zhengxu
6 Eastern section
7
8
10 Phase 2
Began operation
28 December 2013
Lines in operation
8
No. of stations
143
Network length
232.5 km (144 mi)
Ridership
2,221,760 (31 December 2020 record). 411.2 million (2019).
Hubei
System
Information
Currently operational
Currently under construction
Map
Ref.
Wuhan Metro 武汉地铁
Locale
Wuhan
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 11 16 19 Yangluo
3 Southern extension
6 Southwest extension
7 Northern extension
10
11 Western extension
12
Yangluo Western extension
[229] [230]
Began operation
28 July 2004
Lines in operation
11
No. of stations
255[36] (List )
Network length
460.944 km (286 mi)[36]
Ridership
1229 million (2019 annual)[22] 4,456,200 (4 April 2019 Peak)[231]
Hunan
System
Information
Currently operational
Currently under construction
Map
Ref.
Changsha Maglev Express 长沙磁浮快线
Locale
Changsha
Maglev
N/A
Began operation
6 May 2016
Lines in operation
1
No. of stations
3
Network length
18.55 km (12 mi)
Ridership
Changsha Metro 长沙地铁
Locale
Changsha
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 Northern extension
2 Western extension
4 Northern extension
5 Southern extension
6 Eastern extension
7
Began operation
29 April 2014
Lines in operation
6
No. of stations
135
Network length
207.9 km (129.2 mi)
Ridership
2,656,900 (31 December 2020 record). 378.2 million (2020).
Inner Mongolia
System
Information
Currently operational
Currently under construction
Map
Ref.
Hohhot Metro 呼和浩特地铁
Locale
Hohhot
1 2
N/A
Began operation
29 December 2019
Lines in operation
2
No. of stations
43
Network length
49.039 km (30.5 mi)
Ridership
239,400 (31 December 2020 record). 0.2 million (2019).
Jiangxi
System
Information
Currently operational
Currently under construction
Map
Ref.
Nanchang Metro 南昌地铁
Locale
Nanchang
1 2 3 4
1 (extension)
2 (extension)
Began operation
26 December 2015
Lines in operation
4
No. of stations
94
Network length
128.3 km (80 mi)
Ridership
1,447,000 (31 December 2020 record). 174.9 million (2019).
Jilin
System
Information
Currently operational
Currently under construction
Map
Ref.
Changchun Rail Transit 长春轨道交通
Locale
Changchun
1
2
3
4
6
8
2 Eastern extension
3 South extension
5
7
9
Began operation
30 October 2002
Lines in operation
5
No. of stations
93
Network length
111.2 km (69 mi)
Ridership
938,000 (20 December 2019). 213.9 million (2019 annual)[23]
Liaoning
System
Information
Currently operational
Currently under construction
Map
Ref.
Dalian Metro 大连地铁
Locale
Dalian
1
2
3
5
12
13
4
7
13 Southern extension
[232]
Began operation
8 November 2002
Lines in operation
6
No. of stations
99 (List )
Network length
237.74 km (148 mi)[59]
Ridership
724,900 (7 August 2019 record). 203.9 million (2019).
Shenyang Metro 沈阳地铁
Locale
Shenyang
1 2 4 9 10
1 Eastern extension
3
6
10 Southwestern extension
Began operation
27 September 2010
Lines in operation
4
No. of stations
85 (List )
Network length
115.9 km (72 mi)
Ridership
1,375,300 (15 November 2019 record). 358.6 million (2019).
Shaanxi
System
Information
Currently operational
Currently under construction
Map
Ref.
Xi'an Metro 西安地铁
Locale
Xi'an & Xianyang
1 2 3 4 5 6 9 14 16
1 Phase 3
5 Eastern extension
8
10
15
Began operation
16 September 2011
Lines in operation
9
No. of stations
184
Network length
300.4 km (187 mi)
Ridership
4,073,041 (31 December 2020). 945.4 (2019 annual).
Shandong
System
Information
Currently operational
Currently under construction
Map
Ref.
Jinan Metro 济南地铁
Locale
Jinan
1 2
3
3 (phase 2)
4
6
7
8
9
Began operation
1 April 2019
Lines in operation
3
No. of stations
40
Network length
84.25 km (52 mi)
Ridership
66,800 (31 December 2020 record). 5.75 million (2019).
Qingdao Metro 青岛地铁
Locale
Qingdao
1
2
3
4
8
11
13
2 Phases 1 & 2 adjustments
5
6
7
8 South Section & branch
9
13 Phase 2
15
Began operation
16 December 2015
Lines in operation
7
No. of stations
146
Network length
315.86 km (196.3 mi)
Ridership
(2 May 2021 record). 187.5 million (2019).
Shanghai-Jiangsu-Zhejiang
System
Information
Currently operational
Currently under construction
Map
Ref.
Changzhou Metro 常州地铁
Locale
Changzhou
1 2
5
Began operation
21 September 2019
Lines in operation
2
No. of stations
43
Network length
54.03 km (34 mi)
Ridership
243,000 (31 October 2019 record). 10.3 million (2019).
Hangzhou Metro 杭州地铁
Locale
Hangzhou
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 16 19 Hanghai
3 Eastern extension
4 Western & Southern extensions
5 Western extension
9 Northern extension
10 Northern extension
12
15
18
Hangde Phase 1
Began operation
24 November 2012
Lines in operation
12
No. of stations
251 (List )
Network length
516.2 km (321 mi)
Ridership
3,141,400 (31 December 2020 record). 634 million (2019).
Jinhua Rail Transit 金华轨道交通
Locale
Jinhua
Jinyi
Yidong
N/A
Began operation
30 August 2022
Lines in operation
2
No. of stations
30
Network length
106.45 km (66 mi)
Ridership
N/A
Nanjing Metro 南京地铁
Locale
Nanjing
1
2
3
4
5
7
10
S1
S3
S4
S6
S7
S8
S9
1 Northern extension
3 Phase 3
4 Phase 2
5 Northern section
6
7 Middle section
8
9
10 Phases 2 & 3
11
12
13
S2
S4 Nanjing section
S5
[233] [234] [235] [236]
Began operation
3 September 2005
Lines in operation
13
No. of stations
201 (List )
Network length
498.66 km (310 mi)
Ridership
4,219,000 (31 December 2020 record). 1151.9 million (2019).
Nantong Rail Transit 南通轨道交通
Locale
Nantong
1
2
1 South extension
Began operation
10 November 2022
Lines in operation
1
No. of stations
28
Network length
39.182 km (24 mi)
Ridership
N/A
Ningbo Rail Transit Ningbo Metro宁波轨道交通
Locale
Ningbo
1
2
3
4
5
3 Phase 2
5 Phase 2
6
7
8
10
12
Began operation
30 May 2014
Lines in operation
6
No. of stations
116
Network length
185.36 km (115.18 mi)
Ridership
1,014,600 (31 December 2020 record). 167.2 million (2019).
Shanghai Maglev Train (SMT)上海磁浮示范运营线
Locale
Shanghai
Maglev
N/A
Began operation
31 December 2002
Lines in operation
1
No. of stations
2
Network length
29.863 km (19 mi)
Ridership
Shanghai Metro 上海地铁
Locale
Shanghai (and Kunshan )
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16
17 18 Pujiang
2 Western extension
12 Western extension
13 Western & eastern extensions
17 Western extension
18 Phase 2
19
20
21
23
Chongming
[237] [238] [239] [240]
Began operation
28 May 1993
Lines in operation
19
No. of stations
396[241] (List )
Network length
802.2 km (498.5 mi)
Ridership
13,294,400 (8 March 2019 record). 3880.1 million (2019).
Shaoxing Metro 绍兴轨道交通
Locale
Shaoxing
1 2
2 Phase 2
Began operation
28 June 2021[32]
Lines in operation
2
No. of stations
36
Network length
57.83 km (36 mi)
Ridership
Suzhou Rail Transit Suzhou Metro苏州轨道交通
Locale
Suzhou
1 2 3
4 5 11
2 North Extension
4 North Extension
6
7
8
10
Began operation
28 April 2012
Lines in operation
6
No. of stations
181 (List )
Network length
249.47 km (155 mi)
Ridership
1,548,000 (2 May 2019 record). 363 million (2019).
Taizhou Rail Transit 台州轨道交通
Locale
Taizhou
S1
S2
Began operation
28 December 2022
Lines in operation
1
No. of stations
15
Network length
52.566 km (33 mi)
Ridership
N/A
Wenzhou Metro 温州轨道交通
Locale
Wenzhou
S1
S2
S3
Began operation
23 January 2019
Lines in operation
1
No. of stations
18
Network length
53.507 km (33 mi)
Ridership
71,800 (1 December 2020 not free record). 7.75 million (2019).
Wuxi Metro 无锡地铁
Locale
Wuxi
1 2 3 4
2 Extension
3 Extension
4 Extension
5
6
S1
S2
Began operation
1 July 2014
Lines in operation
4
No. of stations
80
Network length
114.8 km (71 mi)
Ridership
526,900 (19 December 2020 record). 109.5 million (2019).
Xuzhou Metro 徐州地铁
Locale
Xuzhou
1 2 3
3 Phase 2
4
5
6
Began operation
28 September 2019
Lines in operation
3
No. of stations
51
Network length
64.35 km (40 mi)[37]
Ridership
256,700 (31 December 2020 record). 7.5 million (2019).
Shanxi
System
Information
Currently operational
Currently under construction
Map
Ref.
Taiyuan Metro 太原轨道交通
Locale
Taiyuan
2
1
Began operation
26 December 2020
Lines in operation
1
No. of stations
23
Network length
23.647 km (15 mi)
Ridership
216,100 (1 January 2021 record).
Xinjiang
System
Information
Currently operational
Currently under construction
Map
Ref.
Ürümqi Metro 乌鲁木齐地铁
Locale
Ürümqi
1
2
3
4
Began operation
25 October 2018
Lines in operation
1
No. of stations
21
Network length
27.615 km (17 mi)
Ridership
124,667 (13 October 2019 record). 25.57 million (2019).
Yunnan
System
Information
Currently operational
Currently under construction
Map
Ref.
Kunming Metro 昆明地铁
Locale
Kunming
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 Northwestern extension
2 Phase 2
Began operation
28 June 2012
Lines in operation
6
No. of stations
103
Network length
164.3 km (102 mi)
Ridership
811,800 (30 September 2020 record). 214.1 million (2019).
Under construction
Metro
Maglev
Monorail
Construction suspended
Proposed
Notes
^ The first section of the Beijing Subway was completed in 1969 but did not open for trial operation until 1971 and it was restricted to riders with credential letters. The subway was fully opened to the public without credential letters in 1981.
^ The Tianjin Metro closed down for upgrades in 2001 and reopened in 2006.
^ a b The Guangzhou Metro annual ridership data is combined with Guangfo Metro.
^ The Guangfo Metro is also considered as Line 1 of Foshan Metro .
^ The Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway (MTR) consists of the main MTR subway system, which opened in 1979, and the Kowloon-Canton Railway (KCR) , which opened in 1910 and was electrified in 1983. The two systems merged in 2007. Data no counts light rail lines. The ridership figures for the MTR does not include cross-border train service riders and includes only ridership on the MTR lines, airport express and light rail and certain MTR bus lines. The MTR compiles light rail and MTR bus line riders in one category so it is not possible to separate MTR bus riders from light rail riders. See [1] [clarification needed ]
Regional, suburban, & commuter rail
Tram and light rail systems
Legend
- In operation.
- Under test run.
Defunct systems
Under construction
Monorail/maglev systems[j]
Under Construction
See also
Notes
^ Type B1 cars are powered by third rail ,while type B2 cars are powered by overhead wiring .
^ Special vehicle type for Chongqing
^ Special vehicle type for Hangzhou
^ Divied into 3 types, including C-I, C-II and C-III, each type have high-floor and low-floor variants
^ Below is a comparison of the different vehicle types in Chinese rapid transit.
Vehicle type
Length (m)
Width (m)
Capacity
Type A
22.8
3.0-3.08
310
Type B[a]
19.0
2.8-2.88
240
Type AS [b]
19.0
3.0-3.08
254-266
Type AH [c]
19.52
3.0-3.08
254
Type LB
16.8
2.8
215-240
Type C[d]
18.9-30.4
2.6
200-315
Type D
22.0
3.3
-
^ Line realignment, previously part of Line 17 since 18 December 2020 (2020-12-18).
^ Line realignment, previously part of Line 17 since 18 December 2020 (2020-12-18).
^ Both Xijiao Line and Yizhuang T1 line are light rail lines and are not fully grade separated.
^ The same system also combined metro system
^ Systems listed here may also be listed as rapid transit.
References
External links
Operational Under planning Proposed
Anqing Metro
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Operational Under construction Under planning Recreation
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* in / related to the special administrative regions