In 1992 and 1996, he sought the Republican presidential nomination. In 1992 he ran against incumbent president George H. W. Bush, campaigning against Bush's breaking of his "Read my lips: no new taxes" pledge, as well as his foreign policy, his trade and immigration policy, and his positions on social issues. At the 1992 Republican National Convention, Buchanan delivered his "culture war" speech in support of the nominated President Bush. In 1996, he ran against eventual Republican nominee Bob Dole, but withdrew after getting only 21 percent of Republican primary votes. In 2000, he was the Reform Party's presidential nominee. His campaign centered on non-interventionism in foreign affairs, opposition to illegal immigration, and opposition to the outsourcing of manufacturing from free trade. He selected educator and conservative activist Ezola Foster as his running-mate. Despite his own terminology of self-identification, expressed in the desire to be called a "supporter of the doctrine of disengagement", his foreign policy views have been categorized as isolationist.[3]
Of his Southern ancestry, Buchanan has written:[12]
I have family roots in the South, in Mississippi. When the Civil War came, Cyrus Baldwin enlisted and did not survive Vicksburg. William Buchanan of Okolona, who would marry Baldwin's daughter, fought at Atlanta and was captured by General Sherman. William Baldwin Buchanan was the name given to my father and by him to my late brother.
As a member of the Sons of Confederate Veterans, I have been to their gatherings. I spoke at the 2001 SCV convention in Lafayette, LA. The Military Order of the Stars and Bars presented me with a battle flag and a wooden canteen like the ones my ancestors carried.[13]
Buchanan was born into a Catholic family and attended Catholic schools, including the Jesuit-run Gonzaga College High School. As a student at a Catholic college—Georgetown University—he was in the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) but did not complete the program. He earned his bachelor's degree in English from Georgetown, and received his draft notice after he graduated in 1960. The District of Columbia draft board exempted Buchanan from military service because of reactive arthritis, classifying him as 4-F. He received a master's degree in journalism from Columbia University in 1962, writing his thesis on the expanding trade between Canada and Cuba.[14]
Career
St. Louis Globe-Democrat editorial writer
Buchanan joined the St. Louis Globe-Democrat at age 23. During the first year of the United States embargo against Cuba in 1961, Canada–Cuba trade tripled. The Globe-Democrat published a rewrite of Buchanan's Columbia master's project under the eight-column banner "Canada sells to Red Cuba — And Prospers" eight weeks after Buchanan started at the paper. According to Buchanan's memoir Right from the Beginning, this article was a career milestone. Buchanan later said the embargo strengthened the communist regime and he turned against it.[15] Buchanan was promoted to assistant editorial page editor in 1964 and supported Barry Goldwater's presidential campaign. The Globe-Democrat did not endorse Goldwater, and Buchanan speculated there was a clandestine agreement between the paper and President Lyndon B. Johnson. Buchanan recalled: "The conservative movement has always advanced from its defeats ... I can't think of a single conservative who was sorry about the Goldwater campaign."[11] According to the foreword (written by Pat Buchanan) in some editions of Goldwater's Conscience of a Conservative, Buchanan was a member of the Young Americans for Freedom and wrote press releases for that organization. He served as an executive assistant in the Nixon, Mudge, Rose, Guthrie, Alexander, and Mitchell law offices in New York City in 1965.
Work for the Nixon White House
Buchanan in 1969
The next year, he was the first adviser hired by Nixon's presidential campaign;[16] he worked primarily as an opposition researcher. The highly partisan speeches Buchanan wrote were consciously aimed at Richard Nixon's dedicated supporters, for which his colleagues soon nicknamed him Mr. Inside.[17] Buchanan traveled with Nixon throughout the campaigns of 1966 and 1968. He made a tour of Western Europe, Africa and, in the immediate aftermath of the Six-Day War, the Middle East.
During the course of Nixon's presidency, Buchanan became entrusted on press relations, policy positions, and political strategy.[18] Early on during Nixon's presidency, Buchanan worked as a White Houseassistant and speechwriter for Nixon and Vice President Spiro Agnew. Buchanan coined the phrase "Silent Majority," and helped shape the strategy that drew millions of Democrats to Nixon. In a 1972 memo, he suggested the White House "should move to re-capture the anti-Establishment tradition or theme in American politics."[19] His daily assignments included developing political strategy, publishing the President's Daily News Summary, and preparing briefing books for news conferences. He accompanied Nixon on his trip to China in 1972 and the summit in Moscow, Yalta and Minsk in 1974. He suggested that Nixon label Democratic opponent George McGovern an extremist and burn the White House tapes.[20] Buchanan later argued that Nixon would have survived the Watergate scandal with his reputation intact if he had burnt the tapes.[21]
Buchanan remained as a special assistant to Nixon through the final days of the Watergate scandal. He was not accused of wrongdoing, though some mistakenly suspected him of being Deep Throat. In 2005 when the actual identity of the press leak was revealed as Federal Bureau of Investigation Associate Director Mark Felt, Buchanan called him "sneaky," "dishonest" and "criminal."[22] Because of his role in the Nixon campaign's "attack group," Buchanan appeared before the Senate Watergate Committee on September 26, 1973. He told the panel: "The mandate that the American people gave to this president and his administration cannot, and will not, be frustrated or repealed or overthrown as a consequence of the incumbent tragedy".[20]
When Nixon resigned in 1974, Buchanan briefly stayed on as special assistant under incoming President Gerald Ford. Chief of Staff Alexander Haig offered Buchanan his choice of three open ambassador posts, including South Africa, for which Buchanan opted. President Ford initially signed off on the appointment, but then rescinded it after it was prematurely reported in the Evans-Novak Political Report and caused controversy, especially among the U.S. diplomatic corps.[23]
Buchanan remarked about Watergate: "The lost opportunity to move against the political forces frustrating the expressed national will ... To effect a political counterrevolution in the capital— ... there is no substitute for a principled and dedicated man of the Right in the Oval Office".[20]
Long after his resignation, Nixon called Buchanan a confidant and said he was neither a racist nor an antisemite nor a bigot or "hater," but a "decent, patriotic American." Nixon said Buchanan had "some strong views," such as his "isolationist" foreign policy, with which he disagreed. While Nixon did not think Buchanan should become president, he said the commentator "should be heard."[24][25] However, according to a memo President Nixon sent to John Ehrlichman in 1970, Nixon characterized Buchanan's attitude towards integration as "segregation forever."[26] Following Nixon's re-election in 1972, Buchanan himself had written in a memo to Nixon suggesting he should not "fritter away his present high support in the nation for an ill-advised governmental effort to forcibly integrate races."[27]
Buchanan returned to his column and began regular appearances as a broadcast host and political commentator. He co-hosted a three-hour daily radio show with liberal columnist Tom Braden called the Buchanan-Braden Program. He delivered daily commentaries on NBC radio from 1978 to 1984. Buchanan started his TV career as a regular on The McLaughlin Group and CNN's Crossfire (inspired by Buchanan-Braden) and The Capital Gang, making him nationally recognizable. His several stints on Crossfire occurred between 1982 and 1999; his sparring partners included Braden, Michael Kinsley, Geraldine Ferraro, and Bill Press.
Buchanan served as White House Communications Director from February 1985 to March 1987.[29] In a speech to the National Religious Broadcasters in 1986, Buchanan said of the Reagan administration: "Whether President Reagan has charted a new course that will set our compass for decades—or whether history will see him as the conservative interruption in a process of inexorable national decline—is yet to be determined".[20]
A year later, he remarked that "the greatest vacuum in American politics is to the right of Ronald Reagan."[20] While her brother was working for Reagan, Bay Buchanan started a "Buchanan for President" movement in June 1986. She said the conservative movement needed a leader, but Buchanan was initially ambivalent.[20] After leaving the White House, he returned to his column and Crossfire. Out of respect for Jack Kemp he sat out the 1988 race, although Kemp later became his adversary.[19]
Logo used for Buchanan's 1992 and 1996 campaignsBuchanan at the Florida State Capitol in 1992
Buchanan was highly critical of the foreign and economic policies of the George H.W. Bush administration, particularly Bush's breaking of his 1988 "Read my lips: no new taxes" pledge.[30] In 1990, Buchanan published a newsletter called Patrick J. Buchanan: From the Right; it sent subscribers a bumper sticker reading: "Read Our Lips! No new taxes."[31] In the 1992 Republican Party presidential primaries, Buchanan challenged Bush in his bid for re-nomination by the Republican Party, launching his campaign in December 1991.[32] Buchanan failed to win any primaries, but finished a strong second in the New Hampshire primary and was regarded as forcing Bush to walk back his economic policies.[30][33] The Buchanan campaign ran a number of radio and TV spots criticizing Bush's policies; in one, Buchanan accused Bush of being a "trade wimp", while another attacked him for presiding over the National Endowment of the Arts, which he said "invested our tax dollars in pornographic and blasphemous art too shocking to show."[34]
In 1992, Buchanan explained his reasons for challenging the incumbent, President George H. W. Bush:
If the country wants to go in a liberal direction, if the country wants to go in the direction of [Democrats] George Mitchell and Tom Foley, it doesn't bother me as long as I've made the best case I can. What I can't stand are the back-room deals. They're all in on it, the insider game, the establishment game—this is what we're running against.[11]
Buchanan later threw his support behind Bush and delivered an address at the 1992 Republican National Convention, which became known as the culture war speech, in which he described "a religious war going on in our country for the soul of America."[35] In the speech, he said of Bill and Hillary Clinton:
The agenda Clinton & Clinton would impose on America—abortion on demand, a litmus test for the Supreme Court, homosexual rights, discrimination against religious schools, women in combat units—that's change, all right. But it is not the kind of change America needs. It is not the kind of change America wants. And it is not the kind of change we can abide in a nation we still call God's country.[36]
The contents of Buchanan's speech prompted his detractors to claim that the speech alienated moderate voters from the Bush-Quayle ticket.[38] The newspaper columnist Molly Ivins wrote: "Many people did not care for Pat Buchanan's speech; it probably sounded better in the original German."[39]
Off the campaign trail
Buchanan returned to his column and Crossfire. To promote the principles of federalism, traditional values, and anti-intervention, he founded The American Cause, a conservative educational foundation, in 1993. Bay Buchanan serves as the Vienna, VA-based foundation's president and Pat is its chairman.[40]
Buchanan returned to radio as host of Buchanan and Company, a three-hour talk show for Mutual Broadcasting System on July 5, 1993. It pitted him against liberal co-hosts, including Barry Lynn, Bob Beckel, and Chris Matthews, in a time slot opposite Rush Limbaugh's show. To launch his 1996 campaign, Buchanan left the program on March 20, 1995.
Buchanan made another attempt to win the Republican nomination in the 1996 primaries. Democratic President Bill Clinton was seeking reelection, but Clinton's predecessor President George H.W. Bush made clear he was uninterested in regaining the office. The party's front-runner was Sen. Bob Dole of Kansas, the Senate Majority Leader, who was considered to have many weaknesses.[citation needed]
In February, the liberal Center for Public Integrity issued a report claiming Buchanan's presidential campaign co-chairman, Larry Pratt, appeared at two meetings organized by white supremacist and militia leaders. Pratt denied any tie to racism, calling the report an orchestrated smear before the New Hampshire primary. Buchanan told the conservative ManchesterUnion Leader he believed Pratt. Pratt took a leave of absence "to answer these charges," "so as not to have distraction in the campaign."[41]
Buchanan defeated Dole by about 3,000 votes, bettering his 1992 second-place finish in the February New Hampshire primary. He was endorsed by conservative Phyllis Schlafly, among others. He won three other states (Alaska, Missouri, and Louisiana), and finished only slightly behind Dole in the Iowa caucus. His insurgent campaign used his soaring rhetoric to mobilize grass-roots right wing opinion against what he saw as the bland Washington establishment (personified by Dole) which he believed had controlled the party for years. At a rally later in Nashua, he said:
We shocked them in Alaska. Stunned them in Louisiana. Stunned them in Iowa. They are in a terminal panic. They hear the shouts of the peasants from over the hill. All the knights and barons will be riding into the castle pulling up the drawbridge in a minute. All the peasants are coming with pitchforks. We're going to take this over the top.[42]
In the Super Tuesday primaries Dole defeated Buchanan by large margins. Having collected only 21%, or 3.1 million, of the total votes in Republican primaries, Buchanan suspended his campaign in March. He declared that, if Dole were to choose a pro-choice running mate, he would run as the US Taxpayers Party (now Constitution Party) candidate.[43] Dole chose Jack Kemp, and he received Buchanan's endorsement. After the 1996 campaign, Buchanan returned to his column and Crossfire. He also began a series of books with 1998's The Great Betrayal.
Buchanan announced his departure from the Republican Party in October 1999, disparaging them (along with the Democrats) as a "beltway party." He sought the nomination of the Reform Party. Many reformers backed Iowa physicist John Hagelin, whose platform was based on Transcendental Meditation. Party founder Ross Perot did not endorse either candidate for the Reform Party's nomination. (In late October 2000, Perot publicly endorsed George W. Bush, but Perot's 1996 running-mate, Pat Choate, would go on to endorse Buchanan.)
Supporters of Hagelin charged the results of the party's open primary, which favored Buchanan by a wide margin, were "tainted." The Reform Party divisions led to dual conventions being held simultaneously in separate areas of the Long Beach Convention Center complex. Both conventions' delegates ignored the primary ballots and voted to nominate their presidential candidates from the floor, similar to the Democratic and Republican conventions. One convention nominated Buchanan while the other backed Hagelin, with each camp claiming to be the legitimate Reform Party.
As his running mate, Buchanan chose African American activist and retired teacher from Los Angeles, Ezola B. Foster. Buchanan was supported in this election run by future Socialist Party USA presidential candidate Brian Moore, who said in 2008 he supported Buchanan in 2000 because "he was for fair trade over free trade. He had some progressive positions that I thought would be helpful to the common man."[44] On August 19, the New York Right to Life Party, in convention, chose Buchanan as their nominee, with 90% of the districts voting for him.[45]
God and the Ten Commandments have all been expelled from the public schools. Christmas carols are out. Christmas holidays are out. The latest decision of the United States Supreme Court said that children in stadiums or young people in high school games are not to speak an inspirational moment for fear they may mention God's name, and offend an atheist in the grandstand ...
We may not succeed, but I believe we need a new fighting conservative traditionalist party in America. I believe, and I hope that one day we can take America back. That is why we are building this Gideon's army and heading for Armageddon, to do battle for the Lord.[46]
In the 2000 presidential election, Buchanan finished fourth with 449,895 votes, 0.4% of the popular vote. (Hagelin garnered 0.1% as the Natural Law Party candidate.) In Palm Beach County, Florida, Buchanan received 3,407 votes—which some saw as inconsistent with Palm Beach County's liberal leanings, its large Jewish population and his showing in the rest of the state. Bush spokesman Ari Fleischer stated, "Palm Beach county is a Pat Buchanan stronghold and that's why Pat Buchanan received 3,407 votes there." Reform Party officials strongly disagreed, estimating the number of supporters in the county at between 400 and 500. Appearing on The Today Show, Buchanan said: "When I took one look at that ballot on Election Night ... it's very easy for me to see how someone could have voted for me in the belief they voted for Al Gore".[47] Palm Beach County's butterfly ballot is credited with misdirecting over 2,000 votes from Al Gore to Pat Buchanan, tipping Florida — and the 2000 U.S. presidential election — to George W. Bush.[48]
Some observers said his campaign was aimed to spread his message beyond his white conservative and populist base, while his views had not changed.[49]
Later presidential elections
Following the 2000 election, Reform Party members urged Buchanan to take an active role within the party. Buchanan declined, though he did attend their 2001 convention. In the next few years, he identified himself as a political independent, choosing not to align himself with what he viewed as the neo-conservative Republican party leadership. Prior to the 2004 election, Buchanan announced he once again identified himself as a Republican, declared that he had no interest in ever running for president again, and reluctantly endorsed Bush's 2004 reelection, writing: "Bush is right on taxes, judges, sovereignty, and values. Kerry is right on nothing".[50]
Buchanan also endorsed Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney in 2012, stating in an article that "Obama offers more of the stalemate America has gone through for the past two years" while "Romney alone offers a possibility of hope and change."[51]
Buchanan supported the nomination of Donald Trump, who ran on many of the same positions that Buchanan ran on twenty years prior, as Republican presidential candidate for the 2016 presidential election.[52][53]
Later media activities
MSNBC commentator
Buchanan being interviewed in 2008
Although CNN decided not to take him back, Buchanan's column resumed.[54] A longer variation of the Crossfire format was aired by MSNBC as Buchanan and Press on July 15, 2002, reuniting Buchanan and Press. Billed as "the smartest hour on television", Buchanan and Press featured the duo interviewing guests and sparring about the top news stories. As the Iraq War loomed, Buchanan and Press toned down their rivalry, as they both opposed the invasion.[55] Press claims they were the first cable hosts to discuss the planned attack.[56] MSNBC Editor-in-Chief Jerry Nachman once jokingly lamented this unusual situation:
So the point is why does only Fox [News Channel] get this? At least, we work at the perfect place, the place that's fiercely independent. We try to have balance by putting you two guys together and then this Stockholm syndrome love fest set in between the two of you, and we no longer even have robust debate.[57]
Just hours after his talk show debuted, Buchanan was a guest on the premiere of MSNBC's short-lived Donahue program. Host Phil Donahue and Buchanan debated the separation of church and state. Buchanan called Donahue "dictatorial"[58] and said that the host got his job through affirmative action.[59]
MSNBC President Eric Sorenson canceled Buchanan and Press on November 26, 2003.[55] Buchanan stayed at MSNBC as a political analyst. He regularly appeared on the network's talk shows. He occasionally filled in on the nightly show Scarborough Country during its run on MSNBC. Buchanan also was a frequent guest and co-host of Morning Joe as well as Hardball and The Rachel Maddow Show.
In October 2011, Buchanan was indefinitely suspended from MSNBC as a contributor after the publication of his book Suicide of a Superpower. One of the book's chapters is titled, "The End of White America."[63] The minority advocacy group Color of Change had urged MSNBC to fire him over alleged racist slurs.[64] It was announced on February 16, 2012, that MSNBC's connection with Buchanan had ended.[65]
In December 1991, a 40,000-word article by William F. Buckley Jr. was published in the National Review discussing antisemitism among conservative commentators focused largely on Buchanan; the article and many responses to it were collected in the book In Search of Anti-Semitism (1992). He wrote: "I find it impossible to defend Pat Buchanan against the charge that what he did and said during the period under examination amounted to anti-Semitism",[66][67] but concluded: "If you ask, do I think Pat Buchanan is an anti-Semite, my answer is he is not one. But I think he's said some anti-Semitic things".[68]
The Anti-Defamation League has described Buchanan as an "unrepentant bigot" who "repeatedly demonizes Jews and minorities and openly affiliates with white supremacists."[69] In an article for The Washington Post in March 1992, conservative columnist Charles Krauthammer suggested: "The real problem with Buchanan ... is not that his instincts are antisemitic but that they are, in various and distinct ways, fascistic."[70] "There's no doubt," said Krauthammer in 1999 when contacted for a Salon article, "he makes subliminal appeals to prejudice." He added: "The interesting thing is how he can say these things and still be considered a national figure."[27] Buchanan denies assertions that he is an antisemite, and some of his fellow journalists, including Murray Rothbard,[71]Jack Germond, Al Hunt and Mark Shields, have defended him against the charge.[72]
Nazi war criminals
Around 1982,[73] Buchanan began to defend Cleveland auto-worker John Demjanjuk against the charge that Demjanjuk was a Nazi war criminal nicknamed "Ivan the Terrible" responsible for the mass murder of Jews at Treblinka. In 1986, while he was a senior figure in the Reagan administration, he was highly critical of the charges brought by Office of Special Investigations (OSI), the Nazi war crimes unit of the Justice Department. He claimed Demjanjuk was the victim of mistaken identity and possibly the victim of a deliberate frame-up by the Soviet Union.[74]
The following year, while still a member of the administration, he made unofficial attempts to stop the deportation of suspected Nazi war criminals from the Eastern Bloc, including Estonian Karl Linnas as well as Demjanjuk.[75]Menachem Z. Rosensaft, in a New York Timesop-ed, described Buchanan's "oft-expressed sympathy for a host of Nazi criminals" like Linnas as being "a constitutionally protected perversion."[76] Buchanan referred to such cases as being pursued by "revenge-obsessed Nazi hunters" in 1987.[77] As a member of the Reagan White House, he was accused of having suppressed the Reagan Justice Department's investigation into Nazi scientists brought to America by the OSS's Operation Paperclip.[78]
In 1990, Allan Ryan Jr., a former head of the OSI said Buchanan's accusation of KGB involvement in the Demjanjuk case was "an absolutely cockamamie theory." Ryan accused Buchanan of being "the spokesman for Nazi war criminals in America." Neal Sher, OSI head in 1990 said Buchanan had never contacted them, even when he was a government official. "He essentially took what was fed him by our opponents, sometimes Holocaust-deniers, and just regurgitated it," Sher told The Washington Post.[73] In 1993, however, the Supreme Court of Israel overturned Demjanjuk's war crimes conviction and sentence of death by hanging as a miscarriage of justice based on mistaken identity. Demjanjuk then returned to the United States to fight the revocation of his American citizenship.[79]
Following an elderly Demjanjuk's re-arrest and extradition to the Federal Republic of Germany in 2009,[80] Menachem Z. Rosensaft in The Times of Israel and Jeffrey Goldberg in The Atlantic, objected to an outraged Buchanan again accusing the case of being a frame-up and comparing Demjanjuk to Jesus Christ and calling him an "American Dreyfuss. [sic]" This was alleged by Goldberg as an example of the libel that the Jews as a whole killed Christ.[81][82] Describing Buchanan's comparison as "strikingly offensive" and an attempt to "revive the charge of blood libel" against Jews, Peter Wehner wrote in Commentary magazine: "Rarely do you find such an obscene mix of blasphemy and bigotry, and all in less than 900 words."[83] Demjanjuk was later convicted of being an accessory to murder of 28,000 Jewish prisoners at the Sobibor extermination camp. Demjanjuk died in 2012, while the verdict had been overturned and was pending appeal.[84]
Bitburg visit by President Reagan
Buchanan supported President Reagan's plan to visit a German military cemetery at Bitburg in 1985, where among buried Wehrmacht soldiers were the graves of 48 Waffen SS members. At the insistence of German Chancellor Helmut Kohl and over the vocal objections of Jewish groups, the trip went ahead.[85] In a 1992 interview, Elie Wiesel described attending a White House meeting of Jewish leaders about the trip: "The only one really defending the trip was Pat Buchanan, saying, 'We cannot give the perception of the President being subjected to Jewish pressure.'"[86] Buchanan accused Wiesel of fabricating the story in an ABC interview in 1992: "I didn't say it and Elie Wiesel wasn't even in the meeting ... That meeting was held three weeks before the Bitburg summit was held. If I had said that, it would have been out of there within hours and on the news."[87]
Comments on the Holocaust
In a 1990 column for the New York Post, Buchanan wrote that it was impossible for 850,000 Jews to be killed by diesel exhaust fed into the gas chamber at Treblinka in a return to his interest in the Demjanjuk case. "Diesel engines do not emit enough carbon monoxide to kill anybody," he wrote. The Washington Post cited experts to the effect that there is more than sufficient carbon monoxide present in the fumes to speedily asphyxiate victims, causing their death.[73][88] Buchanan once argued Treblinka "was not a death camp but a transit camp used as a 'pass-through point' for prisoners". In fact, historians have estimated that some 900,000 Jews were murdered at Treblinka.[89] When George Will challenged him on the issue on TV in December 1991, Buchanan did not reply.[66]
Comments about Israel
In the context of the Gulf War, on August 26, 1990, Buchanan appeared on The McLaughlin Group and said: "there are only two groups that are beating the drums for war in the Middle East – the Israeli defense ministry and its 'amen corner' in the United States." Buchanan on The McLaughlin Group on June 15, 1990, asserted: "Capitol Hill is Israeli occupied territory".[90] He also said in the August 1990 program: "The Israelis want this war desperately because they want the United States to destroy the Iraqi war machine. They want us to finish them off. They don't care about our relations with the Arab world."[91]A. M. Rosenthal, in an article for The New York Times explicitly accused Buchanan of antisemitism on the grounds that he had used the word "Israelis" as a cover for Jews.[92]Abraham Foxman, the director of the ADL, compared Buchanan's comments to insinuations made during the Second World War "that Jews were the only ones who sought American entry in the war against Nazi Germany".[91]
Holocaust survivor Elie Wiesel in September 1990 said Buchanan "leaves the memory of Jewish victims in such disdain; a man who always takes the side of those accused of being killers; a man who is constantly criticizing Israel; a man who always has something nasty to say about the Jewish people".[73]
Central Park jogger case
In a 1989 column, Buchanan called for the public hanging in Central Park of a 16-year-old black teenager and the horsewhipping of four other younger African American and Hispanic teenagers for allegedly raping a white jogger in the Central Park Five case.[93] He also called for the civilizing of "barbarians" by putting the "fear of death" in them. Robert C. Smith, professor of political science at San Francisco State University, characterized the column as racist.[94] The five teenagers were convicted, but their charges were later withdrawn, when in 2002 a man said he acted alone and DNA testing affirmed his guilt.[93] All sentences of the Central Park Five were vacated that same year, 13 years after Buchanan called for the public hanging and horsewhipping. [93]
Several years archives, The American cause, September 2001 – May 2008, archived from the original(newspaper columns) on June 3, 2018, retrieved September 2, 2006.
^ abHayden, Michael Edison; Gais, Hannah (December 14, 2020). "White Nationalists Sought Resumes for Trump White House, Emails Show". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved June 18, 2021. To date, her byline [Ann Coulter] has appeared on VDARE's website nearly 400 times across a span of seven years, making her arguably the most famous person on it, along with anti-immigrant politician Pat Buchanan.
^ abcd"VDare". www.influencewatch.org. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
^ abReitwiesner, William Addams; Moran, Nolan Kent; Otto, Julie Helen. "The Ancestry of Pat Buchanan". Wargs. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
^Buchanan, Patrick 'Pat' Joseph (November 26, 2003), "Why Do the Neocons Hate Dixie So?", The American Cause, Patrick 'Pat' Joseph Buchanan, archived from the original on March 25, 2009, retrieved June 13, 2010
^ ab"The Problem With 'Read My Lips'". The New York Times. November 1, 2020. p. 26. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved November 28, 2021. Even so, voters could not forget the fiercely dramatic 1988 pledge. Playing to feelings of inconstancy, Patrick Buchanan challenged Mr. Bush in Presidential primaries.
^Hays (July 27, 1990), The Washington Times (column)
^Buchanan and Press (broadcast), November 19, 2002
^Buchanan, Patrick 'Pat' Joseph, Donahue, MSNBC, Cut it out, Phil. What you want done is, I say no Jewish kid can be put in a Nativity play. What you want done is no Nativity play, no Pledge of Allegiance, no Bible in school, no Ten Commandments. You are dictatorial, Phil. You're a dictatorial liberal and you don't even know it
^Acosta, Belinda (July 26, 2002). "The Phil-ing Station". The Austin Chronicle. Retrieved December 5, 2006.
^Lichtblau, Eric, (2015) The Nazis Next Door, How America Became a Save Haven for Hitler's Men, p. 194, Published by Houghton, Mifflin, Harcourt, Boston.
^ abcDwyer, Jim (May 30, 2019). "The True Story of How a City in Fear Brutalized the Central Park Five". The New York Times. ISSN0362-4331. Retrieved May 12, 2022. The victim was white. The accused were black and brown. If 'the eldest of that wolf pack were tried, convicted and hanged in Central Park, by June 1, and the 13- and 14-year-olds were stripped, horsewhipped, and sent to prison,' the columnist Patrick Buchanan wrote, 'the park might soon be safe again for women.' Note for note, without mention of race, Mr. Buchanan and others echoed the historic calls for the public punishment of dark-skinned men thought to have defiled white women.
Andryszewski, Tricia. The Reform Party: Ross Perot and Pat Buchanan (2000) online
Davis, Mark. "'Culture Is Inseparable from Race': Culture Wars from Pat Buchanan to Milo Yiannopoulos." M/C Journal 21.5 (2018). online
Lowndes, Joseph. "Populism and race in the United States from George Wallace to Donald Trump." in Routledge handbook of global populism (Routledge, 2018) pp. 190–200.
Shapiro, Edward S. "Pat Buchanan and the Jews." Judaism: A Quarterly Journal of Jewish Life and Thought 45.2 (1996): 226-235. online
Stanley, Timothy. The crusader: The life and tumultuous times of Pat Buchanan (Macmillan, 2012). online
External links
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Hạ viện Câmara dos DeputadosCơ quan lập pháp lần thứ 56 Đại hội Đại biểu Toàn quốcDạngMô hìnhHạ viện của Quốc hội Brasil Thời gian nhiệm kỳKhôngLịch sửThành lập6 tháng 5 năm 1826 (1826-05-06)Kỳ họp mới bắt đầu2 tháng 2 năm 2022 (2022-02-02)Lãnh đạoChủ tịchArthur Lira, PP Từ 1 tháng 2 năm 2021 Lãnn đạo chính phủRicardo Barros, PP Từ 12 tháng 8 năm 2020 Lãnh đạo đa sốDiego Andr...
Ini adalah nama Batak Toba, marganya adalah Simanjuntak. Anggi MaritoAnggi pada tahun 2022LahirAnggi Marito Tiodora Simanjuntak6 Maret 2002 (umur 21)Tapanuli Utara, Sumatera Utara, IndonesiaPendidikanUniversitas Multimedia NusantaraPekerjaanPenyanyiTahun aktif2017–sekarangAgenStar Media NusantaraKarier musikGenrePopbaladaInstrumenVokalTahun aktif2021–sekarangLabelUniversal Anggi Marito Tiodora Simanjuntak (lahir 6 Maret 2002) adalah penyanyi berkebangsaan Indonesia. Anggi merupa...
2006 novel by Orson Scott Card For other books, see Empire (disambiguation) § Literature. Empire First editionAuthorOrson Scott CardCover artistBob WarnerCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishGenreSpeculative fictionPublisherTor BooksPublication date2006Media typePrint (hardcover)Pages352ISBN0-7653-1611-0OCLC71210222Dewey Decimal813/.54 22LC ClassPS3553.A655 E486 2006Followed byHidden Empire Empire is a 2006 dystopian novel by American writer Orson Scott Card. It ...
CCC Film buildings in Spandau, at the former Königliche Pulverfabrik (Royal gunpowder production founded 1717)) German film company CCC Film (German: Central Cinema Compagnie-Film GmbH) is a German film production company founded in 1946 by Artur Brauner. A Polish Jew who survived the Nazi era by fleeing to the Soviet Union, he lost dozens of relatives to the Nazis. His primary interest was making films about the Nazi era, but after his first such film failed at the box office, throwing him ...
Thai actor and model Dom HetrakulBorn (1976-04-09) April 9, 1976 (age 47)Bangkok, ThailandOccupationsActorModelBusiness OwnerYears active1995–presentKnown forSiamese OutlawsBangkok DangerousThe OutrageThe Marine 2Height1.85 m (6 ft 1 in)SpouseSasilax FaichampaChildren1 Dom Hetrakul (Thai: ดอม เหตระกูล; RTGS: Dom Hetrakun; April 9, 1976 in Bangkok, Thailand), is a well-known actor. He has acted in many Thai TV shows and films. He i...
Untuk purnawirawan TNI AD yang pernah menjabat Pangdam IX/Udayana, lihat Komaruddin Simanjuntak. Kamaruddin SimanjuntakLahirKamaruddin Hendra Simanjuntak21 Mei 1974 (umur 49)Siborongborong, Tapanuli Utara, Sumatera UtaraAlmamaterUniversitas Kristen IndonesiaPekerjaanPengacaraSuami/istriJoanita Meroline Wenji (m. 2000)Anak4Orang tuaMidian Simanjuntak (ayah) Nurmaya br. Pardede (ibu) Kamaruddin Hendra Simanjuntak, S.H., M.H. (lahir 21 Mei 1974) adalah...
Este artigo carece de reciclagem de acordo com o livro de estilo. Sinta-se livre para editá-lo(a) para que este(a) possa atingir um nível de qualidade superior. (Julho de 2016) Este artigo ou secção necessita de referências de fontes secundárias fiáveis e independentes. Fontes primárias, ou com conflitos de interesse, não são adequadas para verbetes enciclopédicos. Ajude a incluir referências.—Encontre fontes: ABW • CAPES • Google (N •...
2019 film The LetterFilm posterDirected byMaia LekowChris KingRelease date 19 November 2019 (2019-11-19) (Amsterdam) CountryKenyaLanguageSwahili The Letter is a 2019 Kenyan documentary film directed by Maia Lekow and Chris King. It was selected as the Kenyan entry for the Best International Feature Film at the 93rd Academy Awards, but it was not nominated.[1] Synopsis A young man visits his grandmother's village to find out she has been accused of witchcraft.[2&...
2014 novel by Sebastien de Castell Traitor's Blade First edition coverAuthorSebastien de CastellAudio read byJoe JamesonCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishSeriesThe GreatcoatsGenreFantasyAdventurePublisherJo Fletcher BooksPublication dateJuly 1, 2014Media typePrint (hardcover & paperback)E-bookAudiobookPages384 (first edition, hardback)ISBN978-1623658090 (first edition, hardback)Followed byKnight's Shadow Traitor's Blade is a 2014 swashbuckling novel by Canadian ...
Artikel atau sebagian dari artikel ini mungkin diterjemahkan dari Hispanic di en.wikipedia.org. Isinya masih belum akurat, karena bagian yang diterjemahkan masih perlu diperhalus dan disempurnakan. Jika Anda menguasai bahasa aslinya, harap pertimbangkan untuk menelusuri referensinya dan menyempurnakan terjemahan ini. Anda juga dapat ikut bergotong royong pada ProyekWiki Perbaikan Terjemahan. (Pesan ini dapat dihapus jika terjemahan dirasa sudah cukup tepat. Lihat pula: panduan penerjemahan ar...
Ini adalah nama Batak Toba, marganya adalah Sitorus. Deddy Yevri Hanteru SitorusAnggota Dewan Perwakilan RakyatPetahanaMulai menjabat 1 Oktober 2019Daerah pemilihanKalimantan Utara Informasi pribadiLahir17 November 1970 (umur 53)Pematang Siantar, Sumatera Utara, IndonesiaPartai politikPDI-PSuami/istriSurianyAlma materUniversitas SimalungunKingston UniversityPekerjaanPolitikusSunting kotak info • L • B Ir. Deddy Yevri Hanteru Sitorus, M.A. (lahir 17 November 1970) adalah...
Community college Southwestern Indian Polytechnic InstituteSouthwestern Indian Polytechnic InstituteTypePublic tribal land-grant community collegeEstablished1971Parent institutionBureau of Indian AffairsAcademic affiliationsSpace-grantPresidentDr. Tamarah PfeifferUndergraduates488[1]LocationAlbuquerque postal address, New Mexico, United StatesCampusurban/suburban reserveWebsitewww.sipi.edu Southwestern Indian Polytechnic Institute (SIPI) is a public tribal land-grant community college...
Not to be confused with Nicholas Orsini. Argentine footballer Nicolás Orsini Orsini with SV Horn in 2016Personal informationFull name Nicolás OrsiniDate of birth (1994-09-12) September 12, 1994 (age 29)Place of birth Morteros, ArgentinaHeight 1.91 m (6 ft 3 in)[1]Position(s) ForwardTeam informationCurrent team Boca JuniorsNumber 27Senior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)2012–2013 Tiro Federal 2013–2016 Atlético de Rafaela 31 (3)2016–2018 Tokushima Vortis 0 (0)2...
Class of artificial neural network Part of a series onMachine learningand data mining Paradigms Supervised learning Unsupervised learning Online learning Batch learning Meta-learning Semi-supervised learning Self-supervised learning Reinforcement learning Rule-based learning Quantum machine learning Problems Classification Generative model Regression Clustering dimension reduction density estimation Anomaly detection Data Cleaning AutoML Association rules Semantic analysis Structured predicti...
Annual festival in Hastings, England The opening ceremony on Winkle Island Hastings Old Town Week is an annual summer event celebrated in the Old Town of Hastings, East Sussex. The Old Town week typically occurs during the first week of August and is officially opened on Winkle Island. During the week events such as concerts, street parties, charity races and Morris Dancing take place. The week ends with the Old Town Carnival procession, which contains 'floats', dancers, majorettes and marchi...
Konten dan perspektif penulisan artikel ini tidak menggambarkan wawasan global pada subjeknya. Silakan bantu mengembangkan atau bicarakan artikel ini di halaman pembicaraannya, atau buat artikel baru, bila perlu. (Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk menghapus pesan templat ini) Gereja Siria Malankara Mar Thoma (disebut juga Gereja Mar Thoma[1] atau Gereja Siria Mar Thoma di Malabar)[2][3][4] adala sebuah gereja otonom Oriental yang berbasis di Kerala, India d...
Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!
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