Manfredonia

Manfredonia
Manfredonia
Comune
	Comune di Manfredonia
	Basilica of Siponto
	Manfredonia within the Province of Foggia
	Location of Manfredonia
	Manfredonia Location of Manfredonia in Italy Manfredonia Manfredonia (Apulia)
	Coordinates: 41°38′N 15°55′E / 41.633°N 15.917°E
Country	Italy
Region	Apulia
Province	Foggia (FG)
Frazioni	Borgo Mezzanone, Riviera Sud (Sciali and Ippocampo), Pastini, Ruggiano, San Salvatore, Siponto, Tomaiuolo
Government
• Mayor	Giovanni Rotice
Area
• Total	354.54 km2 (136.89 sq mi)
Elevation	5 m (16 ft)
Population (30 November 2017)
• Total	56,932
• Density	160/km2 (420/sq mi)
Demonym(s)	Manfredoniani, Sipontini
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code	71043
Dialing code	0884
Patron saint	Saint Laurence of Siponto (San Lorenzo Maiorano)
Saint day	7 February
Website	Official website

Manfredonia [maɱfreˈdɔːnja] is a town and commune of Apulia, Italy, in the province of Foggia, from which it is 35 kilometres (22 miles) northeast by rail. Manfredonia is situated on the coast, facing east, to the south of Monte Gargano, and gives its name to the gulf to the east of it. As of 2017^[update] its population was 56,932.^[3]

History

The area of current Manfredonia was settled in ancient times by the Greeks, founded by Diomedes. The flourishing Greek colony, having fallen into the hands of the Samnites, was retaken about 335 BC by King Alexander of Epirus, uncle of Alexander the Great.

In 189 BC Sipontum was conquered by the Romans and became a colony of citizens. It was a port at the junction of the road which basically followed the Adriatic coast (but giving the Garganus mountain's peninsula just north a miss) and a road through Arpi, Luceria, Aecae and Aequum Tuticum connecting at Beneventum to the Via Appia.

In AD 663 it was taken and destroyed by the Slavs (Narentines). In the 9th century, Sipontum was for a time in the power of the Saracens.

In 1042 the Normans made it the seat of one of their twelve counties, while the Monte Gargano remained Byzantine. The Normans won a decisive victory there over the Byzantine general Argyrus in 1052. Siponto was an archbishopric in the Norman countship of Apulia.

Having become unhealthy owing to the stagnation of the water in the lagoons after the 1223 earthquake, Siponto was abandoned. The modern city of Manfredonia was built by King Manfred between 1256–1263, several kilometers north of the ruins of the ancient Sipontum. The Angevins, who had defeated Manfred and stripped him of the Kingdom of Sicily, renamed it Sypontum Novellum ("New Sypontum"), but that name never stuck.

In 1528 Manfredonia resisted a French attack led by the Viscount of Lautrec. In 1620 it was destroyed by the Turks, who left only the castle and part of the walls.

Geography

Manfredonia is located in south of Gargano. It borders with the municipalities of Carapelle, Cerignola, Foggia, Monte Sant'Angelo, San Giovanni Rotondo, San Marco in Lamis and Zapponeta.

It counts 7 civil parishes (frazioni): Borgo Mezzanone, Riviera Sud (Sciali and Ippocampo), Pastini, Ruggiano, San Salvatore, Siponto and Tomaiuolo.

Main sights

The medieval castle, begun by the Hohenstaufen and completed by the Angevins, and parts of the town walls are well preserved. The castle received a new line of walls in the 15th century

In the church of San Domenico, the Chapel of the Maddalena contains old paintings of the 14th century.

Three kilometers (1.9 miles) to the southwest is the former Siponto Cathedral, now the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore di Siponto, built in 1117 in the Romanesque style, with a dome and crypt.

The Abbey of San Leonardo in Lama Volara, nearer to Foggia, belonging to the Teutonic Order, is of the same date.

Manfredonia is also the location of the seat of the Archbishopric of Manfredonia-Vieste-S. Giovanni Rotondo in Manfredonia Cathedral, rebuilt in about 1600 after the destruction by the Turks of its 13th-century predecessor.

Transport

A dual carriageway links Manfredonia to Foggia, a distance of 40 km (25 mi) and to A14 motorway.

Manfredonia railway station is the terminal of the Foggia-Manfredonia line. Other stations serving the municipal territory are Manfredonia Città (closed), Siponto (in the homonymous village), Frattarolo, Candelaro and Amendola.

People

Laurence of Siponto (died 545), bishop, saint, patron of Manfredonia
Vettor Pisani (1324–1380), Venetian admiral
Pino Rucher (1924–1996), guitarist and arranger

References

^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
^ All demographics and other statistics from the Italian statistical institute (Istat)
^ (in Italian) Source: Archived 2012-02-25 at the Wayback Machine Istat 2011