MOD Boscombe Down

MOD Boscombe Down
Amesbury, Wiltshire in United Kingdom
A Eurofighter Typhoon at MOD Boscombe Down
MOD Boscombe Down Shown within Wiltshire
Coordinates	51°09′27″N 01°44′49″W
Type	Military test and evaluation airfield
Area	572 hectares (1,410 acres)[1]
Site information
Owner	Ministry of Defence
Operator	QinetiQ and Royal Air Force
Condition	Operational
Website	www.raf.mod.uk/our-organisation/stations/mod-boscombe-down/
Site history
Built	1917 (1917)[2]
In use	1917 – present
Garrison information
Occupants	Aircraft Test and Evaluation Centre Empire Test Pilots' School Rotary Wing Test and Evaluation Squadron 744 Naval Air Squadron Bristol University Air Squadron Southampton University Air Squadron Joint Aircraft Recovery and Transportation Squadron
Airfield information
Identifiers	ICAO: EGDM, WMO: 03746
Elevation	123.7 metres (406 ft) AMSL
Runways Direction Length and surface 05/23 3,205 metres (10,515 ft) Asphalt/Concrete 05S/23S 564 metres (1,850 ft) Grass
Source: UK MIL AIP Barkston Heath[3]

MOD Boscombe Down (ICAO: EGDM) is the home of a military aircraft testing site, on the south-eastern outskirts of the town of Amesbury, Wiltshire, England. The site is managed by QinetiQ,^[2] the private defence company created as part of the breakup of the Defence Evaluation and Research Agency (DERA) in 2001 by the UK Ministry of Defence (MoD).^[2]

The base was originally conceived, constructed, and operated as Royal Air Force Boscombe Down, more commonly known as RAF Boscombe Down, and since 1939, has evaluated aircraft for use by the British Armed Forces. The airfield has one active runway 3,212 metres (10,538 ft) in length. The airfield's evaluation centre is currently home to Rotary Wing Test and Evaluation Squadron (RWTS), Fast Jet Test Squadron (FJTS), Heavy Aircraft Test Squadron (HATS), Handling Squadron, and the Empire Test Pilots' School (ETPS).^[4] It will be home to an anti-jamming test facility by 2026.

History

First World War

An aerodrome opened at the Boscombe Down site in October 1917 and operated as a Royal Flying Corps Training Depot Station.^[5] Known as Royal Flying Corps Station Red House Farm, it trained aircrews for operational roles in France during the First World War.^[2] Between opening and early 1919 the station accommodated No. 6 Training Depot, No. 11 Training Depot and No. 14 Training Depot.^[6] When the United States entered the war in April 1917, the Royal Flying Corps began training groundcrew and aircrew of Aviation Section of the US Army at the airfield. During 1918 the 166th Aero Squadron and 188th Aero Squadron were present.^[6] At the end of the war in November 1918, the airfield became an aircraft storage unit until 1920 when it closed and the site returned to agricultural use.^[5]

Inter-war period

In 1930 the site reopened as Royal Air Force Boscombe Down, a bomber station in the Air Defence of Great Britain command, the fore-runner of RAF Fighter Command.^[5] The first unit to operate from the new airfield was No. 9 Squadron which started operating the Vickers Virginia heavy bomber on 26 February 1930. A second Virginia unit, No. 10 Squadron, arrived on 1 April 1931 and also operated the Handley Page Heyford.^[7]

The following RAF squadrons were based at Boscombe Down between 1930 and 1939:

• No. 9 Squadron RAF;^[2] between 1930 and 1935, with the Vickers Virginia;^[7]
• No. 10 Squadron RAF;^[2] between 1931 and 1937, with the Virginia^[7]
• No. 51 Squadron RAF;^[2] between 1937 and 1938, with the Virginia, Avro Anson, and the Armstrong Whitworth Whitley;^[8]
• No. 58 Squadron RAF;^[2] between 1937 and 1938, with the Anson, and the Whitley;^[9]
• No. 78 Squadron RAF;^[2] between 1936 and 1937, with the Heyford;^[10]
• No. 88 Squadron RAF;^[2] between 1937 and 1939, with the Hawker Hind, and the Fairey Battle;^[11]
• No. 97 Squadron RAF;^[2] between 1935 and 1937, with the Heyford;^[12]
• No. 150 Squadron RAF;^[2] between 1938 and 1939, with the Battle;^[13]
• No. 166 Squadron RAF;^[2] between 1936 and 1937, with the Heyford;^[14]
• No. 214 Squadron RAF;^[2] between 1935 and 1935, with the Virginia;^[15]
• No. 217 Squadron RAF;^[2] between 1937 and 1937, with the Anson;^[15]
• No. 218 Squadron RAF;^[2] between 1938 and 1939, with the Battle;^[16]
• No. 224 Squadron RAF;^[2] between 1937 and 1937, with the Anson.^[17]

Second World War

Personnel work on a Gloster Meteor F.3 at Boscombe Down during the Second World War

The Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment (A&AEE) arrived from RAF Martlesham Heath, Suffolk, on 9 September 1939, shortly after the outbreak of the Second World War.^[6] The move marked the beginning of A&AEE Boscombe Down and aircraft research and testing at the station, a role which it has retained into the 21st century. About fifty aircraft and military and civilian personnel had arrived by mid-September 1939.^[18] The necessary facilities required for the specialist work carried out by the A&AEE were lacking at Boscombe Down, and its expansion resulted in many temporary buildings being constructed at the station in an unplanned manner.^[5]

• No. 35 Squadron RAF;^[2] during 1940, with the Handley Page Halifax I;^[19]
• No. 56 Squadron RAF;^[2] during 1940, with the Hawker Hurricane I;^[9]
• No. 109 Squadron RAF;^[2] between 1940 and 1942, with the Whitley, Anson, and Vickers Wellington;^[20]
• No. 249 Squadron RAF;^[2] during 1940, with the Hurricane.^[21]

Throughout the war, the airfield continued to have only grass runways and remained within its pre-war boundaries.^[5]

Cold War

Boscombe was used to test and evaluate many aircraft flown by the British Armed Forces during the Cold War. First flights of notable aircraft include the English Electric P 1, forerunner of the English Electric Lightning, the Folland Gnat and Midge, Hawker P.1067 (the prototype Hunter), Westland Wyvern, and the BAC TSR.2.^[22] Part of the base was also used by the RAF School of Aviation Medicine.^[23]

The first hard-surface runway opened in October 1945 and was followed by two more runways with parallel taxiways to create the present-day layout.^[5] The runways extend into Idmiston and Allington parishes.^[24]

Aviation trial and evaluation centre

A BAC 1-11 of the Empire Test Pilots' School seen at the International Air Tattoo at Boscombe Down on 13 June 1992

With the end of the Cold War, the site was renamed the Aircraft and Armament Evaluation Establishment (AAEE) in 1992. All experimental work was moved to the Defence Research Agency (DRA). Responsibility for the site passed from the MoD Procurement Executive to the Defence Test and Evaluation Organisation (DTEO) in 1993, which was amalgamated into the Defence Evaluation and Research Agency (DERA) in 1995.^[25] On 15 August 1995 the first Dominie T.2 for the RAF arrived for trials.^[26] On 31 October 1997 the first Panavia Tornado GR.4 in the RAF arrived for evaluation.^[27]

During this period, the station may have been involved in assisting the United States with its black projects. On 26 September 1994, after an aircraft crashed on landing due to a nosewheel collapse, a USAF C5 Galaxy was redirected to the station.^[28] It is speculated that the crashed plane was an Aurora, a hypersonic spy plane.^[29] Whatever it was, it was disassembled and returned to the US by the C5 Galaxy. Both the British and American Governments have refused to comment on the incident.^[30][31]

21st century

Following the creation of QinetiQ in 2001, a 25-year Long Term Partnering Agreement (LTPA) was established with the MoD, covering 16 sites including Boscombe Down.^[32] Under the agreement, Boscombe Down remains a government military airfield, but is operated by QinetiQ on behalf of the MoD. The Joint Test and Evaluation Group (JTEG) was established under the control of RAF Air Command, and together with QinetiQ, forms the Air Test and Evaluation Centre (ATEC).^[33]

From 1 May 2007, Boscombe Down became the home of the Joint Aircraft Recovery and Transportation Squadron (JARTS) which was combined from the two Royal Navy and Royal Air Force elements who were responsible for aircraft moves and post-crash management.^[34]

In October 2007, it was announced that RAF Boscombe Down would become a Quick Reaction Alert (QRA) airfield from early 2008, offering round-the-clock fighter coverage for the South and South West of UK airspace, when required.^[35]

In April 2022, the RAF Centre of Aviation Medicine retired its two BAE Systems Hawk T.1 which were based at Boscombe Down. The aircraft were used for trials by the centre's Aviation Medicine Flight. The flight moved to RAF Scampton to continue its work using Hawks operated by the Red Arrows.^[36]

An anti jamming test facility is to be built at Boscombe Down by 2026. QinetiQ will build one of Europe’s largest anechoic chambers that will be capable of housing large military assets such as Protector drones, Chinook helicopters, and F-35 fighter jets for testing against electronic warfare threats.^[37][38]

Past units

The Heavy Aircraft Test Squadron (HATS) at RAF Boscombe Down was responsible for the flight testing of heavy aircraft (multi-engine types). The department subsequently became known as Fixed Wing Test Squadron (FWTS); however, during the late 1980s, the title once more changed to that of the Heavy Aircraft Test Squadron.^[39]

The following units were located at the base at some point:

No. 4 Group Experimental Flight[2] No. 6 Training Depot Station[2] No. 11 Training Depot Station[2] No. 13 Joint Services Trials Unit[2] No. 22 Joint Services Trials Unit[2] No. 29 Joint Services Trials Unit[2] No. 42 Squadron RAF[2] No. 75 (Bomber) Wing RAF[2] 819 Naval Air Squadron[2] 893 Naval Air Squadron[2] 899 Naval Air Squadron[2] No. 2780 Squadron RAF Regiment[2] No. 2786 Squadron RAF Regiment[2] Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment[2] Aircraft and Armament Evaluation Establishment RAF[2] became Test and Evaluation Centre[40]

Aircraft Gun Mounting Establishment RAF[2] Assessment and Evaluation Centre RAF[2] Blind Approach Training and Development Unit RAF[2] became Wireless (Intelligence) Development Unit RAF[41] Bomber Development Unit RAF[2] Bustard Flying Club[2] Handling Flight RAF[2] became Handling Squadron RAF[2] High Altitude Flight (A&AEE)[2] Intensive Flying Development Flight RAF[2] Intensive Flying Development Unit[2] Meteorological Research Flight RAF[2] became Meteorological Research Unit RAF[42] RAF Centre of Aviation Medicine Flight[2] Special Duties Flight RAF[2] Strike Attack Operational Evaluation Unit (SAOEU)[2] Tornado Operational Evaluation Unit RAF[2]

Based units

An Avro RJ100 operated by QinetiQ seen at Boscombe Down during 2016

The following flying and non-flying units are based at MOD Boscombe Down.^{[43][44][45][46][47]}

Royal Air Force

No. 1 Group (Air Combat) RAF

• Air and Space Warfare Centre
  • Air Test and Evaluation Centre (operated in partnership with QinetiQ)
  • Empire Test Pilots School – Beechcraft King Air 350, Airbus H145, Avro RJ, Agusta A109, Airbus H125, Diamond DA42, Grob G120TP, PC-21, AW139, Eurofighter Typhoon, Calspan Learjet In-Flight Simulator, NH90 (in partnership with Finnish Defence Forces), Airbus A350, GB1 GameBird.^[48]
  • Rotary Wing Test and Evaluation Squadron (RWTES)
  • 744 Naval Air Squadron – Merlin HM.2 and Chinook HC.5/6

No. 2 Group (Air Combat Support) RAF

• Support Force
  • No. 42 (Expeditionary Support) Wing
    • Joint Aircraft Recovery and Transportation Squadron

No. 22 Group (Training) RAF

• No. 6 Flying Training School
  • Bristol University Air Squadron – Grob Tutor T1
  • Southampton University Air Squadron – Grob Tutor T1
  • No. 2 Air Experience Flight – Grob Tutor T1

See also

• List of aerospace flight test centres
• List of Royal Air Force stations

References

Citations

1. "Defence Estates Development Plan 2009 – Annex A". GOV.UK. Ministry of Defence. 3 July 2009. p. 47. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
2. "Boscombe Down (Red House Farm)". Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
3. "UK MIL AIP Boscombe Down" (PDF). UK Military AIP. No.1 Aeronautical Information Documents Unit. 18 June 2020. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
4. "Empire Test Pilot School contact information". QinetiQ.com. QinetiQ. Archived from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
5. "MoD Boscombe Down: 1917–2007". Royal Aeronautical Society Boscombe Down Branch. 28 April 2011. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
6. "RAF/MoD Boscombe Down". Air of Authority – A History of RAF Organisation. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
7. Jefford 1988, p. 27.
8. Jefford 1988, p. 41.
9. Jefford 1988, p. 43.
10. Jefford 1988, p. 48.
11. Jefford 1988, p. 51.
12. Jefford 1988, p. 53.
13. Jefford 1988, p. 62.
14. Jefford 1988, p. 64.
15. Jefford 1988, p. 71.
16. Jefford 1988, p. 72.
17. Jefford 1988, p. 73.
18. Mason 2010, p. 6.
19. Jefford 1988, p. 37.
20. Jefford 1988, p. 55.
21. Jefford 1988, p. 78.
22. "Boscombe Down, 27 September 1964: The TSR.2's First Flight (Pilot Roland Beamont; Navigator Donald Bowen)."". Flight. 1 October 1964. pp. 637–640.
23. "Aviation medics push limits to protect RAF aircrews". Ministry of Defence. 3 November 2010. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
24. "Allington". Wiltshire Community History. Wiltshire Council. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
25. "The Future of DERA". UK Parliament. 3 November 1999. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
26. March 1996, p. 80.
27. March 1998, p. 87.
28. "The Boscombe Down Incident Remains One Of Military Aviation's Most Intriguing Mysteries". War Zone. 7 April 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
29. "STEALTH". Key Publishing Air Forces Monthly. 10 June 2016.
30. "RAF Boscombe Down's Black Day". Retrieved 14 September 2008.
31. Bellamy, Christopher; Walker, Timothy (14 March 1997). "Secret US spyplane crash may be kept under wraps". The Independent. Archived from the original on 15 May 2022.
32. "About". LTPA. QinetiQ. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
33. "MOD Boscombe Down Defence Aerodrome Manual". Royal Air Force. 1 December 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
34. Nadin, Michael (October 2009). "Crash and Smash no more" (PDF). RAF.mod.uk. Royal Air Force. p. 38. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 October 2010. Retrieved 29 March 2017.
35. Air base in front line fully-armed – Salisbury Journal, Monday 29 October 2007
36. "RAF Medical Services". Facebook. 28 April 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
37. "New military testing hangar to be built at MoD Boscombe Down". BBC News. 21 August 2024. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
38. Allison, George (21 August 2024). "UK to build huge new £20m anti-jamming test facility". Retrieved 21 August 2024.
39. "End of an era?". Royal Aeronautical Society. 6 February 2018. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
40. Lake 1999, p. 26.
41. Lake 1999, p. 37.
42. Lake 1999, p. 138.
43. "MOD Boscombe Down – Who's Based Here". Royal Air Force. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
44. "MOD Boscombe Down". LTPA. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
45. "Empire Test Pilots' School (ETPS)". Qinetiq. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
46. "744 Naval Air Squadron". Royal Navy. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
47. "Royal Air Force Centre of Aviation Medicine" (PDF). RAF Henlow. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
48. "ETPS". QinetiQ. 21 August 2024.

Bibliography

• Jefford, C. G. (1988). RAF Squadrons. A comprehensive record of the movement and equipment of all RAF squadrons and their antecedents since 1912. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife. ISBN 1-85310-053-6.
• Lake, A (1999). Flying units of the RAF. Shrewsbury: Airlife. ISBN 1-84037-086-6.
• March, Peter R. (1996). Royal Air Force Yearbook 1996. Fairford, UK: Royal Air Force Benevolent Fund.
• March, Peter R. (1998). Royal Air Force Yearbook 1998. Fairford, UK: Royal Air Force Benevolent Fund.
• Mason, Tim (2010). The Secret Years: Flight Testing at Boscombe Down, 1939-1945. Crowborough, UK: Hikoki Publications. ISBN 978-1-9021-0914-5.

External links

Media related to RAF Boscombe Down at Wikimedia Commons

• Official website
• MOD Boscombe Down – Long Term Partnering Agreement website
• UK Military Aeronautical Information Publication – Boscombe Down (EGDM)