Wings within the Royal Air Force have both administrative and tactical applications. Over the years, the structure and role of wings has changed to meet the demands placed on the RAF. Many of the RAF's numbered wings were originally Royal Flying Corps (RFC) or Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) units.
Wings can be found at every station in the RAF and also abroad, deployed on operations.
June 1944: reconnaissance wing in 84 Group, 2nd TAF at Gatwick with Nos 2 (Mustang II), 4 (Spitfire PRXI) and 268 (Mustang IA) Squadrons[5][6]
September 1944 – May 1945: in 84 Group, 2nd TAF in North West Europe with 2, 4 (PR) and 268 Sqns (Spitfire)[7]
September 1944 – May 1945: in 83 Group, 2nd TAF in North West Europe with 400 (RCAF), 414 (RCAF) and 430 (RCAF) (Spitfire) Sqns[7] All three constituent squadrons disbanded at Lüneburg Airfield in August 1945, and there is an additional note that the wing disbanded at Lüneburg on 2 August 1945.[9]
Bomber Wing[13] In September 1939, Nos. 18 and 57 Sqns at RAF Upper Heyford as part of No. 2 Group RAF; Bomber-Reconnaissance wing with BEF Air Component in France 1939–45, Nos 18 and 57 Sqns[12]
Bomber Wing[13] with RAF AASF in France 1939–45; in May 1940 consisted of 88 Sqn at Mourmelon, 103 Sqn at Betheniville and 208 Sqn at Auberive (Battles).[12]
September 1944 – May 1945: French wing in 84 Group, 2nd TAF in North West Europe with 74, 340 (French), 341 (French), 345 (French), 485 (RNZAF) (Spitfire) Sqns[7]
December 1944: in 231 Group, Strategic Air Force EAC, with 159, 215, 357 Sqns (Liberator)[23]
June 1945: in 231 Group, RAF Burma, with 159 (Liberator), 357 (Liberator/Dakota), 358 (Liberator) Sqns and 1341 Flight (Halifax)[24]
October 1945: at Penang in RAF Malaya with a detachment of 27 Sqn (Beaufighter)[25]
May 1942: Medium Bomber Wing in 205 Group at El Daba, Egypt, with 37, 70 and 108 Squadrons (Wellington IC) September–October 1942: 37 and 70 Squadrons[26][27] September 1943: in Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) with 37 and 70 Sqns (Wellington III/X)[8] January 1944: in Mediterranean Allied Strategic Air Force (MASAF) with 37 and 70 Sqns (Wellington X)[8] April 1945: in 205 Group MASAF with 37 and 70 Sqns (Liberator VI)[28]
May 1942: Medium Bomber Wing in 205 Group at El Daba with 104 and 148 Squadrons (Wellington IC and II) September–October 1942: 108 and 148 Squadrons[26][27] September 1943: in NASAF with 40 and 104 Sqns (Wellington III/X)[8] January 1944: in MASAF with 40 and 104 Sqns (Wellington III/X)[8] April 1945: in 205 Group MASAF, with 40 and 104 Sqns (Liberator VI)[28]
May 1942:Medium Bomber Wing in 205 Group with 38 Squadron at Maaten Bagush and 140 Squadron at Shallufa (Wellington IC) September–October 1942: 40 (Wellington IC) and 104 (Wellington II) Squadrons[26][27] September 1943: in Air Defences, Eastern Mediterranean, with 16 (SAAF) Sqn (Beaufort)[8]
May and September 1942: Fighter Wing in 211 Group WDAF at Gambut with 3 (RAAF), 112, 250 and 450 (RAAF) Squadrons (Kittyhawk I)[26] October 1942: 66 Fighter Squadron USAAF attached[27] September 1943: in DAF with 112, 250, 260 and 450 (RAAF) Sqns (Kittyhawk)[8] January 1944: in DAF with 3 (RAAF), 5 (SAAF), 112, 250, 260 and 450 (RAAF) Sqns (Kittyhawk)[8] April 1945: in DAF with 3 (RAAF), 5 (SAAF), 112, and 260 Sqns (Mustang III/IV), 250 and 450 (RAAF) Sqns (Kittyhawk IV)[28]
September 1943: Heavy Bomber wing in US 9th Air Force with 178 (Halifax/Liberator) and 462 (RAAF) (Halifax) Sqns[8] January 1944: under RAF Middle East with 178 (Liberator) and 462 (RAAF) (Halifax) Sqns[8] April 1945: in 205 Group MASAF with 178 Sqn (Liberator VI)[28]
May 1942: Fighter Wing in 211 Group WDAF at Gambut with 33 Squadron and 274 Squadrons (Hurricane IIA/B), 80 Squadron (Hurricane IIC) and 143 Squadron (from June) (Spitfire VC)
September 1942: 33, 73 and 213 Squadrons (Hurricane IIC), 145 and 601 Squadrons (Spitfire VC)[26]
October 1942: 212 Group WDAF with 80 (Hurricane IIC), 127 and 335 (Greek) (Hurricane IIB) and 274 (Hurricane IIE) Squadrons[27]
September 1942: Fighter Wing in 211 Group WDAF at Amiriya with 1 (SAAF) and 238 Squadrons (Hurricane IIB), 80 Squadron (Hurricane IIC) and 92 Squadron (Spitfire VB/C)[26] October 1942: 73 (Hurricane IIC), 92 (Spitfire VB/C), 145, 601 (Spitfire VB) Squadrons[27] September 1943: in DAF with 1 (SAAF), 91, 145, 417 (RCAF) and 601 Sqns (Spitfire)[8] January 1944: under US 64th Fighter Wing with 80, 92, 145, 241, 274, 417 (RCAF) and 601 Sqns (Spitfire)[8] April 1945: in DAF with 91, 145, 417 (RCAF) Sqns (Spitfire VIII), 241 Sqn (Spitfire VIII/IX), and 601 Sqn (Spitfire IX)[28]
October 1942: Bomber Wing in 205 Group in Egypt with 14 (Boston III/Marauder), 462 (RAAF) (Halifax) Squadrons[27] September 1943: in Air Defences, Eastern Mediterranean, with 1 General Reconnaissance Unit (1 Flt) (Wellington)[8] January 1944: in 201 Group under RAF Middle East with 1 GRU (Wellington) and 252 Sqn (Beaufighter), detachment under Allied HQ Levant, with 17 (SAAF) (Ventura) and Picardy (Free French) (Blenheim/Vengeance) Sqns[8]
October 1942: Fighter-Bomber Wing in 207 Group in East Africa with 41 (SAAF) Squadron (Hurricane IIB and Hartebeest)[27] September 1943 and January 1944: Reconniassance Wing in East Africa with 209, 259, 262 (Catalina) and 230 (Sunderland) Sqns[8] April 1945: under Air HQ, East Africa, with 259 Sqn (Sunderland V/Catalina I/IB)[28]
October 1942: Torpedo Bomber/Reconnaissance Wing under 201 Group in Egypt with 38 (Wellington IC/VIII), 203 (Baltimore) and 252 (Beaufighter) Sqns[27] September 1943: in Air Defences, Eastern Mediterranean, with 38 (Wellington) 203 (Baltimore) and 252 (Beaufighter) Sqns[8] January 1944: in 201 Group under RAF Middle East with 16 (SAAF) and 227 (Beaufighter), 38 (Wellington) and 454 (RAAF) (Baltimore) Sqns[8]
October 1942: Torpedo Bomber Wing under 201 Group in Egypt 38 and 221 Squadrons (Wellington IC/VIII), 39 Squadron (Beaufort) and 203 Squadron (Blenheim IV, Bisley, Baltimore I/II/III, Maryland)[27] September 1943: in Malta with 69 (Baltimore) and 221 (Wellington) Sqns[8]
September 1943: in 216 Group, Middle East Air Command, with 117 (Dakota), 162 (Wellington/Bisley) and 28 (SAAF) (Dakota/Anson/Wellington) Sqns[8] January 1944: in 216 Group, RAF Middle East, with 216 and 267 Sqns (Dakota)[8] April 1945: in 216 Ferry and Air Transport Group RAF, Mediterranean Allied Air Forces (MAAF), with 44 (SAAF) (Air Ambulance) (Dakota/Anson/Expeditor)
Until November 1941: Army Cooperation Wing in WDAF at Ghot Wahas with 208, 237 (Rhodesian) and 451 (RAAF) Squadrons (Hurricane I)[26] April 1945: in DAF with 15 (SAAF), 454 (RAAF) and 500 Sqns (Baltimore)[28]
November 1941: Fighter Wing in WDAF with 2 (SAAF), 3 (RAAF), 4 (SAAF), 112 and 250 Squadrons (Tomahawk)[26] September 1943 and January 1944: Reconnaissance Wing in East Africa with 265 Sqn (Catalina)[8] April 1945: under Air HQ, East Africa, with 265 Sqn (Catalina I/IB)[28]
November 1941: at Nicosia with 213 Squadron (Hurricane I) and 815 Squadron Fleet Air Arm at Lakatamia[26] September 1943: in Air Defences, Eastern Mediterranean, with 46 (Beaufighter) and 208 (Hurricane) Sqns[8] January 1944: Fighter Reconnaissance Wing in Cyprus under Allied HQ Levant, with 208 Sqn (Hurricane/Spitfire)[8]
November 1941: at Beirut with 335 (Greek) Squadron in Palestine (Hurricane I), a Free French squadron in Lebanon (Morane 406) and a Free French flight in Syria (Blenheim IV)[26] January 1944: in Air Defences, Eastern Mediterranean, with 55 Sqn (Baltimore)[8]
November 1941: Light Bomber Wing in WDAF at Fuka with 8 (detachment), 45 and 55 Squadrons at Fuka, 14 and 84 Squadrons at Maaten Bagush, and 342 (Lorraine) (Free French) Squadron at Abu Sueir (Blenheim IV)[26]
July 1944: Fighter Wing in Balkan Air Force at Termoli with 32 (Spitfire VC/B/VIII/IX), 249 (Spitfire VC) and 253 (Spitfire VC) Squadrons RAF, 102 (Macchi C.202) and 155 (Macchi C.205) Squadrons IAF[29] April 1945: in BAF with 73 (Spitfire IX), 253 (Spitfire VIII/IX), 352 (Yugoslav) (Spitfire Vc), 6 and 351 (Yugoslav) (Hurricane IV) Sqns[28]
October 1942: Transport Wing in 216 Group in East Africa with 163 Squadron (Hudson VI)[27] April 1945: in BAF with 16 (SAAF), 19 (SAAF) (Beaufighter X), 213 (Mustang III/IV) and 249 (Mustang III) Sqns[28]
January 1944: Transport Wing in 216 Group MAAF with 28 (SAAF) Sqn (Dakota/Anson)[8] April 1945: in 216 Ferry and Air Transport Group MAAF with 28 (SAAF) Sqn (Dakota/Anson/Expeditor)[28]
September 1942: Reconnaissance Wing in WDAF at Burg el Arab, with 2 PRU (Spitfire VB), 1437 Flight (Maryland and Baltimore) and 60 (SAAF) Squadron at Wadi Natrun (Maryland);[26] joined in October by 208 and 40 (SAAF) Squadrons (Hurricane I/IIA/B)[27] September 1943: in DAF with 40 (SAAF) and 225 Sqns (Spitfire), 1437 Flt (Mustang)[8] January 1944: in DAF with 40 (SAAF) (Spitfire) and 600 (Beaufighter) Sqns[8] April 1945: in DAF with 40 (SAAF) (Spitfire IX) and 318 (Polish) (Spitfire V/IX) Sqns[28]
(As Malta Wing) September 1943: 126, 185, 229, 249 Sqns and 1435 Flight (Spitfire)[8] January 1944: in 242 Group, Mediterranean Allied Coastal Air Force (MACAF), with 14 Sqn (Marauder), 126, 249 Sqns and 1435 Flt (Spitfire), 255 and 416 (USAAF) Sqns (Beaufighter), and 608 (Hudson) Sqn[8]
November 1942: Mobile Wing in Eastern Air Command (North West Africa) at Maison Blanche with 81, 154 and 242 Squadrons (Spitfire VC), and 225 Squadron (Hurricane IIE)[27] September 1943: in DAF covering Operation Baytown with 81, 151, 154, 232 and 242 Sqns (Spitfire)[8][30] January 1944: in Air Defences, Eastern Mediterranean, with 154, 232 and 242 Sqns (Spitfire)[8]
November 1942: Non-mobile Wing in EAC (NWA) at Maison Blanche with 43 and 253 Squadrons (Hurricane IIC) and 4 PRU (Spitfire PR IV)[27] September 1943: in Northwest African Coastal Air Force (NACAF) with 32, 73, 253 (Spitfire), 87 (Hurricane/Spitfire) and 219 (Beaufighter) Sqns[8] January 1944: in 242 Group MACAF with 73 Sqn (Spitfire)[8] In May 1944, B Flight, 1st Emergency Rescue Squadron, USAAF, flying Consolidated OA-10 Catalinas, was attached to the wing for operations in Italy. April 1945: in MACAF with 38 (Wellington XIV) and 624 (Walrus) Sqns and IAF Seaplane Wing (82°, 83°, 84°, 85° Gruppi) (CANT Z.501/506/RS 14)[28]
November 1942: Mobile Wing in EAC (NWA) at Maison Blanche with 72, 93, 111 and 152 Squadrons (Spitfire VB) and 255 Squadron (Beaufighter VIF)[27] September 1943: in DAF covering Operation Baytown with 43, 72, 93, 111, 243 (Spitfire) and 600 (BeaufighterVIF) Sqns[8][30] April 1945: in DAF with 42, 73, 93 Sqns (Spitfire IX)[28]
Naval Co-operation wing November 1942: Mobile Wing in EAC (NWA) at Algiers with 32 and 87 Squadrons (Hurricane IIC), 232 and 243 Squadrons (Spitfire VB), 241 (Hurricane IIE) and 600 (Beaufighter VIF) Aqns[27]
25 August 1943
12 August 1944
General Reconnaissance Wing in NACAF with 272 and 603 (Beaufighter), 608 (Hudson) and 614 (Bisley) Sqns[8] January 1944: in Malta with 52 (Baltimore) and 614 (Bisley) Sqns[8]
November 1942: Non-mobile Wing in EAC (NWA) at Blida with 500 and 608 Squadrons (Hudson V), 700 (FAA) Squadron (Walrus) and 813 (FAA) Squadron (Swordfish)[27] September 1943: in NACAF with 13 (Bisley), 14 (Marauder), 39, 47, 255 (Beaufighter), 52 (Baltimore) and 458 (RAAF) (Wellington) Sqns[8] January 1944: in US 63d Fighter Wing, with I/22 (Free French) (Maruader), 23 (Mosquito) and 500 (Hudson/Ventura) Sqns[8]
January 1944: in Mediterranean Allied Photographic Reconnaissance Wing, with 60 (SAAF) (Mosquito) and 683 (Spitfire) Sqns[8] April 1945: in MAAF with 681 and 683 Sqns (Spitfire PR IX/PR XIX), 60 (SAAF) and detachment 680 Sqn (Mosquito PR XVI)[28]
January 1944: in MACAF, with I/5 and III/6 Free French (Airacobra) and 417 (USAAF) (Beaufighter) Sqns[8] April 1945: in Air HQ Greece, BAF, with 13 (Greek) (Baltimore V), 335 (Greek) and 336 (Greek) (Spitfire Vb/Vc), 252 (Beaufighter XC) and detachment 624 (Walrus) Sqns[28]
January 1944: in MACAF with I/4 (Airacobra) and II/3 (Hurricane) Free French, 32 (Spitfire), 39 (Beaufighter X) and 153 (Beaufighter VIF) Sqns[8] April 1945: in MACAF with 237 (Rhodesian) (Spitfire IX) and 255 (Mosquito XIX) Sqns[28]
Would have been part of Tiger Force, scheduled to be operational by 1 January 1946 at RAF Coningsby, as of August 1945.[31] Formation does not seem to have been completed. Later served as part of Second Tactical Air Force at RAF Gutersloh in Germany in the mid 1950s.
June 1945: Non-operational in 224 Group with 134 and 258 Sqns (Thunderbolt)[24]
December 1945: at Batavia with 60 and 81 Sqns (Thunderbolt), 84 and detachments 47 and 110 Sqns (Mosquito), detachment 681 (Spitfire PR), 155 (Spitfire), 31 (Dakota) and 656 (AOP) (Auster) Sqns
[35]
December 1944: at Jalia, India, in 224 Group, EAC[36] with 134 and 258 Sqns (Thunderbolt)[23]
June 1945: Non-operational in 224 Group with 5, 30, 123 and 135 Sqns (Thunderbolt)[24]
October 1945: at Kuala Lumpur in RAF Malaya with 60, 81, 131, 258 (Thunderbolt) and 656 (AOP) (Auster) Sqns[25]
Formed from RAF Regiment field squadrons and RAF Police components, Force Protection (FP) Wings are responsible for defending aircraft and personnel whilst deployed on operations. the overarching Combat Readiness Force HQ is located at RAF Honington. Each Wing is parented by an RAF Station with whom it is usually deployed:[41]
No 1 Air Mobility Wing – RAF Brize Norton – HQ Squadron, 44 Mobile Air Movements Squadron and 45 Mobile Air Movements Squadron. This is UK Mobile Air Movements Squadron (UKMAMS) expanded to wing strength.
2nd Tactical Air Force Communication Wing RAF - formed 31 March 1945; disbanded 15 July 1945 at RAF Buckeburg. Became British Air Forces of Occupation Communication Squadron.[44]
Station-based wings
A typical Royal Air Force flying station (not training) will have the following integrated wing-based structure:
Administrative Wing / Base (Station) Support Wing / Support Wing
Depth Support Wing
Forward Support Wing
Operations Wing
On a smaller RAF Station, these functions may be termed squadrons but their role is identical.
Specialised station-based wings
Some stations has Wings which are customised to their particular role with the RAF:
Tactical Medical Wing – RAF Brize Norton – This unit has the Latin motto "Summum Bonum" which means 'for the highest good'. It became operational on 1 April 1996 and its CO is currently Wing Commander Alan Cranfield. Some of its sub-units are Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron, Deployable Aeromedical Response Teams (DARTS), Operational Training Squadron and Operations and Logistics Squadron.
Major L.F. Ellis, History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: Victory in the West, Vol I: The Battle of Normandy, London: HM Stationery Office, 1962/Uckfield: Naval & Military, 2004, ISBN1-845740-58-0.
Major L.F. Ellis, History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: Victory in the West, Vol II: The Defeat of Germany, London: HM Stationery Office, 1968/Uckfield: Naval & Military, 2004, ISBN1-845740-59-9.
Jonathan Falconer, Bomber Command Handbook 1939–1945, Stroud: Sutton, 1998, ISBN0-7509-1819-5.
Gen Sir William Jackson, History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: The Mediterranean and Middle East, Vol VI: Victory in the Mediterranean, Part III: November 1944 to May 1945, London: HMSO, 1988/Uckfield, Naval & Military Press, 2004, ISBN1-845740-72-6.
R.V. Jones, Most Secret War: British Scientific Intelligence 1939–1945, London: Hamish Hamilton 1978/Coronet 1979, ISBN0-340-24169-1.
Norman Macmillan, Offensive Patrol: The Story of the RNAS, RFC and RAF in Italy 1917–18, London: Jarrold, 1973.
Brig C.J.C. Molony, History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: The Mediterranean and Middle East, Vol V: The Campaign in Sicily 1943 and the Campaign in Italy 3rd September 1943 to 31st March 1944, London: HMSO, 1973/Uckfield, Naval & Military Press, 2004, ISBN1-845740-69-6.
Brig C.J.C. Molony (Revised by Gen Sir William Jackson), History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: The Mediterranean and Middle East, Vol VI: Victory in the Mediterranean, Part I: 1st April to 4th June 1944, London: HMSO, nd/Uckfield, Naval & Military Press, 2004, ISBN1-845740-70-X.
Maj-Gen I.S.O. Playfair, History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: The Mediterranean and Middle East, Vol III: (September 1941 to September 1942) British Fortunes reach their Lowest Ebb, London: HMSO, 1960 /Uckfield, Naval & Military Press, 2004, ISBN1-845740-67-X.
Maj-Gen I.S.O. Playfair & Brig C.J.C. Molony, History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: The Mediterranean and Middle East, Vol IV: The Destruction of the Axis forces in Africa, London: HMSO, 1966/Uckfield, Naval & Military Press, 2004, ISBN1-845740-68-8.
Keith Rennles, Independent Force; The War Diary of the Daylight Squadrons of the Independent Air Force June–November 1918, London: Grub Street, 2002, ISBN1-902304-90-X, pp. 6–7.
Maj-Gen S. Woodburn Kirby, History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: The War Against Japan Vol II, India's Most Dangerous Hour, London: HM Stationery Office, 1958.
Maj-Gen S. Woodburn Kirby, History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: The War Against Japan Vol IV, The Reconquest of Burma, London: HM Stationery Office, 1955.
Maj-Gen S. Woodburn Kirby, History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: The War Against Japan Vol V, The Surrender of Japan, London: HM Stationery Office, 1969.