During the Second World War, No. 1435 Flight was a night fighter (NF) unit based at Malta, subsequently raised to squadron status, becoming the only RAF flying squadron to be given a four-digit number.[3][4]
The Malta Night Fighter Unit (MNFU) was formed in late July 1941 at RAF Ta Kali on Malta, equipped with twelve Hawker Hurricane Mk.II fighters. The unit's Hurricanes usually operated in pairs in conjunction with searchlights.[5] It claimed its first successes on the night of 5/6 August, when two Fiat BR 20Ms were shot down.[6]
No. 1435 (Night Fighter) Flight was first formed at Malta as a night fighter (NF) unit on 4 December 1941,[i] by re-designating the Malta Night Fighter Unit.[1] The unit remained equipped with Hawker Hurricane Mk.II fighters,[8] but now found that the Hurricane had difficulty in intercepting fast Junkers Ju 88s over Malta, and instead began to operate night intruder missions over Sicily to catch the enemy aircraft over their own airfields, fitting its Hurricanes with external fuel tanks to increase the aircraft's endurance. They were also used to drop supplies (and in particular money) to a British agent operating in Sicily.[9] On 7 March, the Flight was strengthened by the addition of four radar-equipped Bristol Beaufighter night fighters.[10]
The flight was reformed in July 1942 at RAF Luqa, also in Malta, as a day fighter unit equipped with Supermarine Spitfire, and manned by personnel from several squadrons, including No. 185, No. 249, and No. 603 Squadrons.[11] After a brief period as No. 1435 (Fighter) Flight, at RAF Luqa, due to its size it was raised to No. 1435 Squadron on 2 August 1942 at RAF Luqa, Malta.[12][13]
It converted to fighter-bomber activities in January 1943, and operated over Sicily and in Italy. It was assigned to the Balkan Air Force, carrying out operations over Albania and Yugoslavia until the end of the war.
It disbanded on 29 April 1945 at Falconara, Italy.[14]
Falkland Islands
McDonnell Douglas F-4M Phantom FGR.2 XV461 (Charity) in flight, 1991.Panavia Tornado F3s ZG778 (Hope) and ZE736 (Faith) flying over the Falkland Islands in 2007.Eurofigher Typhoon FGR4 'F' of 1435 Flt demonstrating its under-wing drop tanks and fusleage-mounted air-to-air missiles.Eurofigher Typhoon FGR4 'D' of 1435 Flt.
Following the Falklands War in 1982, the Flight provided an air defence unit at RAF Stanley airfield in East Falkland. As this was badly damaged during the fighting, the Flight reformed with Hawker Siddeley Harrier GR.3 'jump-jet' aircraft in late 1983, and disbanding again in May 1985.
In November 1988, when No. 23(F) Squadron converted to the Panavia Tornado F3, No. 1435 Flight was revived, equipped with four McDonnell Douglas F-4M Phantom FGR.2s. After No. 23(F) Squadron's disbandment at RAF Mount Pleasant, the mission and equipment were transferred to No. 1435 Flight. The Phantoms were replaced in July 1992 when four Panavia Tornado F3s arrived in the Falklands.[15]
No. 1435 Flight again re-equipped with the Eurofighter Typhoon in September 2009, when four Typhoons arrived from RAF Coningsby. The Typhoon FGR4 variant was initially deployed,[16] though as of 2024 the Typhoons in the islands are said to be Tranche 1 variants in an exclusive air defence role.[2]
The Flight goes by the motto of 'Protect the Right', while the motto of the Falkland Islands is 'Desire the Right'.[ii]
Maltese heritage
The Flight has maintained its Maltese connections, with its aircraft sporting the Maltese cross. The practice of naming the four-aircraft presence on the islands has also been maintained: they are called 'Faith', 'Hope', and 'Charity', after the legendary three Gloster Sea Gladiators that once defended Malta, and 'Desperation'. 'Desperation' was added to the three traditional names when Phantoms entered service in the Falklands and the flight was revived in 1988. 'Faith', 'Hope', and 'Charity' fly operationally, with 'Desperation' appropriately in reserve. On their retirement in 1992, one of the F-4M Phantoms was placed as the gate guardian at Mount Pleasant. The Phantoms were replaced by four Panavia Tornado F3s. The four Tornados remained in active service until they were replaced in turn by four Eurofighter Typhoon FGR4s in September 2009.[20] Although the unit's new aircraft do not have the traditional names applied, the four aircraft have tail codes that match (F, H, C, D).[21]
^March, Peter R. (1998). Brace by Wire to Fly-By-Wire – 80 Years of the Royal Air Force 1918–1998. RAF Fairford: Royal Air Force Benevolent Fund Enterprises. p. 158. ISBN1-899808-06-X.
^"News Brief". Air Forces Monthly (324): 7. January 2016.
Bibliography
Flintham, Vic; Thomas, A. (2003). Combat Codes: A full explanation and listing of British, Commonwealth and Allied air force unit codes since 1938. Shrewsbury, England, UK: Airlife Publishing. ISBN1-84037-281-8.
Jefford, C.G. (2001) [1988]. RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912 (2nd ed.). Shrewsbury, England, UK: Airlife Publishing. ISBN1-85310-053-6.
Rawlings, J. D. R. (1969). Fighter Squadrons of the RAF and their Aircraft ((2nd edition 1976, reprinted 1978) ed.). London, England, UK: Macdonald & Jane's. ISBN0-354-01028-X.
Shores, C.; Cull, B.; Malizia, N. (1987). Malta: The Hurricane Years 1940–41. London, England, UK: Grub Street. ISBN0-948817-06-2.
Shores, C.; Cull, B.; Malizia, N. (1991). Malta: The Spitfire Year 1942. London, England, UK: Grub Street. ISBN0-948817-16-X.
_F-4M_Phantom_FGR2_XV461_%27Charity%27_of_No._1435_Flight_RAF_on_patrol_above_the_Falkland_Islands,_June_1991._(16018294563).jpg)
