List of political parties in Spain

This article serves as a list of the political parties in Spain.

Spain has a multi-party system at both the national and regional level, the major parties nationwide being the People's Party (PP) and the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).

Spain was formerly considered to have a two-party system dominated by the PSOE and the PP;^[1] however, the current makeup has no formation or coalition with enough seats to claim a parliamentary majority in the bicameral Cortes Generales (consisting of both the national Congress of Deputies and regional representation in the Senate). Regional parties can be strong in autonomous communities, notably Catalonia and the Basque Country, and are often essential for national government coalitions.

National political formations of Spain

• People's Party (Partido Popular, PP) — mainstream centre-right party, that is conservative, Catholic and economically liberal and which conforms the largest group in Congress^[2] and Senate and leads the parliamentary opposition. The People's Party originates from the People's Alliance (Alianza Popular, AP) refoundation in 1989.^[3] The party has governed from 1996 to 2004 and from 2011 to 2018.
• Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Español, PSOE) — mainstream centre-left social democratic party linked to General Union of Workers (Unión General de Trabajadores, UGT) trade union. The Socialists' Party of Catalonia (Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya, PSC) acts as the party's instance in Catalonia. The party has governed from 1982 to 1996, from 2004 to 2011 and since 2018.
• Vox — a right-wing to far-right party that split from the People's Party in 2014;^[4] their main ideologies are social and national conservatism, economic liberalism and centralism (i.e. strong opposition to Spain's peripheral nationalisms). Vox opposes LGBT movements in Spain^[5] while endorsing anti-LGBT rhetoric abroad,^[6][7] rejects European federalism^[8] and defends narrowing the naturalisation of immigrant individuals of Maghrebi origin.^[9] It has allied to other right-wing to far-right political parties from Latin America,^[10][11] Italian Brothers of Italy^[12] and Hungarian Fidesz.^[13]
• Sumar — a left-wing and progressive electoral platform established in 2022, constituted as an instrumental political party. It conforms an alliance of left-wing formations, some of them formerly comprising the Unidas Podemos and Más País political alliances, including nationwide United Left, Más Madrid, Greens Equo and regional Compromís, Chunta and Batzarre, among others. Like preceding Unidas Podemos, Sumar forms a coalition with governing PSOE.
• We can (Podemos), a left-wing political party founded in 2014 in the aftermath of the 15-M Movement. It was in government as junior partner of the PSOE from 2020 to 2023, within the alliance Unidas Podemos.
• Citizens (Ciudadanos, Cs) — a centre-right^[14] liberal and Spanish nationalist party. It supports a high degree of political decentralization, but it rejects autonomous communities' right to self-determination. Once the third-largest force in Congress, its popular support sharply declined in the November 2019 general election.^[15][16] The party has established an electoral alliance with PP in the Basque Country.^[17] It didn't contest the latest general elections.

Political parties with parliamentary representation

Represented in Cortes Generales

Party or coalition			European afiliation	Ideology	Leader	Deputies	Senators	MEPs	Regional dep.	Councillors	Coalition partners	Notes
		People's Party (PP) Partido Popular	EPP	Conservatism Christian democracy	Alberto Núñez Feijóo	137 / 350	140 / 265	22 / 61	452 / 1,258	23,412 / 66,979	PP (88)
		Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) Partido Socialista Obrero Español	S&D	Social democracy	Pedro Sánchez	121 / 350	88 / 265	20 / 61	354 / 1,258	20,784 / 66,979	PSOE (102) PSC (19)
		Vox (Vox) Vox	PfE	National conservatism Right-wing populism	Santiago Abascal	33 / 350	3 / 265	6 / 61	119 / 1,258	1,695 / 66,979
		Unite (Sumar) Sumar	G/EFA / GUE/NGL	Progressivism Left-wing populism Green politics	Yolanda Díaz	26 / 350	2 / 265	3 / 61	38 / 1,258	1,995 / 66,979	SMR (10) Comuns (6) IU (5) MM (2)
		Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya	G/EFA	Catalan independence Left-wing nationalism Social democracy	Oriol Junqueras	7 / 350	6 / 265	1 / 61	33 / 1,258	2,903 / 66,979
		Together for Catalonia (JxCat) Junts per Catalunya	NI	Catalan independence Populism	Laura Borràs	7 / 350	3 / 265	1 / 61	35 / 1,258	2,683 / 66,979
		Basque Country Unite (EH Bildu) Euskal Herria Bildu	GUE/NGL	Basque independence Abertzale left Socialism	Arnaldo Otegi	6 / 350	5 / 265	1 / 61	30 / 1,258	1,399 / 66,979	Sortu (1) Alternatiba (1)
		We can (Podemos) Podemos	GUE/NGL	Democratic socialism Left-wing populism	Ione Belarra	5 / 350	0 / 265	2 / 61	17 / 1,258	1,995 / 66,979
		Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea Partido Nacionalista Vasco	renew europe	Basque nationalism Christian democracy Social democracy	Andoni Ortuzar	5 / 350	5 / 265	1 / 61	31 / 1,258	986 / 66,979
		Canarian Coalition (CCa) Coalición Canaria	renew europe	Regionalism Canarian nationalism Centrism	Fernando Clavijo	1 / 350	1 / 265	0 / 61	19 / 1,258	304 / 66,979
		Commitment Coalition (Compromís) Coalició Compromís	G/EFA	Valencian nationalism Eco-socialism Green politics	Joan Baldoví	1 / 350	1 / 265	1 / 61	15 / 1,258	662 / 66,979		Part of Sumar since June 2023.
		Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) Bloque Nacionalista Galego	G/EFA	Galician nationalism Left-wing nationalism Socialism	Ana Pontón	1 / 350	1 / 265	1 / 61	19 / 1,258	590 / 66,979
		Navarrese People's Union (UPN) Unión del Pueblo Navarro	-	Conservatism Christian democracy Regionalism	Javier Esparza	1 / 350	1 / 265	0 / 61	15 / 1,258	298 / 66,979
		More for Majorca (Més) Més per Mallorca	-	Left-wing nationalism Democratic socialism Green politics	Lluís Apesteguia	0 / 350	1 / 265	0 / 61	4 / 1,258	118 / 66,979		Part of Sumar since June 2023.
		Yes to the Future (GBai) Geroa Bai	renew europe	Basque nationalism Social democracy	Uxue Barkos	0 / 350	1 / 265	0 / 61	7 / 50	50 / 66,979	GSB/GSV EAJ/PNV
		Gomera Socialist Group (ASG) Agrupación Socialista Gomera	-	Insularism Social democracy	Casimiro Curbelo	0 / 350	1 / 265	0 / 61	3 / 1,258	34 / 66,979
		Independent Herrenian Group (AHI) Agrupación Herreña Independiente	-	Insularism Canarian nationalism Centrism	Narvay Quintero	0 / 350	1 / 265	0 / 61	1 / 70	9 / 66,979

Represented in regional parliaments

Party or coalition			Ideology	Leader	Regional dep.	Councillors	Region
		Empty Spain (EV) España Vaciada	Localism Ruralism	Tomás Guitarte	6 / 1,258	262 / 66,979
		Forward Andalusia (AA) Adelante Andalucía	Andalusian nationalism Left-wing populism Anti-capitalism	Teresa Rodríguez	2 / 109	8 / 9,067	Andalusia
		Aragonese Party (PAR) Partido Aragonés	Regionalism Centrism	Alberto Izquierdo	1 / 67	334 / 4,155	Aragón
		Aragonese Union (CHA) Chunta Aragonesista	Aragonese nationalism Eco-socialism	Joaquín Palacín	3 / 67	131 / 4,155
		Asturias Forum (Foro) Foro Asturias	Regionalism Conservatism	Carmen Moriyón	1 / 45	38 / 928	Asturias
		More for Menorca (MxMe) Més per Menorca	Left-wing nationalism Democratic socialism Green politics	Manel Martí	2 / 59	20 / 66,979	Balearic Islands
		The Union of Formentera (Sa Unió) Sa Unió de Formentera	Conservatism	Llorenç Córdoba	1 / 59	9 / 66,979
		New Canaries–Canarian Bloc (NC–BC) Nueva Canarias–Bloque Canarista	Canarian nationalism Social democracy	Román Rodríguez	5 / 70	105 / 66,979	Canary Islands
		Regionalist Party of Cantabria (PRC) Partido Regionalista de Cantabria	Regionalism Centrism	Miguel Ángel Revilla	8 / 35	298 / 1,041	Cantabria
		Leonese People's Union (UPL) Unión del Pueblo Leonés	Regionalism Autonomism	Luis Mariano Santos	3 / 81	234 / 5,194	Castile and León (León)
		Popular Unity Candidacy (CUP) Candidatura d'Unitat Popular	Catalan independence Anti-capitalism Socialism	Mireia Vehí	4 / 135	313 / 15,837	Catalonia
		Catalan Alliance (AC)	Catalan independence Right-wing populism	Sílvia Orriols	2 / 135	8 / 9,139
		Movement for Dignity and Citizenship (MDyC) Movimiento por la Dignidad y la Ciudadanía	Ceutan autonomism Regionalism	Fatima Hamed	3 / 25		Ceuta
		Ceuta Now! (CY!) Ceuta Ya!	Democratic socialism Ceutan autonomism	Mohamed Mustafa	2 / 25
		Coalition for Melilla (CpM) Coalición por Melilla	Social democracy Progressivism Regionalism	Mustafa Aberchán	5 / 25		Melilla
		We Are Melilla (SML) Somos Melilla	Regionalism	Amin Azmani	1 / 25

Represented in the European Parliament only

Se Acabó La Fiesta was founded right before the 2024 European Parliament election and won 3 seats. It is designated as a grouping of electors rather than as an official political party.

Political parties without representation

• Citizens - Party of the Citizenry (Ciudadanos-Partido de la Ciudadanía, CS) (2006–present)
• Animalist Party with the Environment^[18] (Partido Animalista Con el Medio Ambiente, PACMA) (2003–present)
• Libertarian Party (Partido Libertario) (2009–present)
• Escaños en Blanco [es] (2010–present)
• For a Fairer World (Por un Mundo Más Justo, PM+J) (2004–present)
• Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero) (2014–present)
• The Greens–Green Group (Los Verdes–Grupo Verde) (1994–present)
• Humanist Party (Partido Humanista) (1984–present)
• Carlist Party (Partido Carlista) (1970–present)
• Comunión Tradicionalista Carlista [es] (1986–present)
• Internet Party (Partido de Internet) (2009–present)
• Confederation of the Greens (Confederación de los Verdes) (1984–present)
• Overwhelmed and Annoyed Citizens
• Cannabis Party (Partido Cannabis por la Legalización y la Normalización) (2003–present)
• Party of the Democratic Karma (Partido del Karma Democrático) (2000–present)
• Alianza para el Desarrollo y la Naturaleza
• Iniciativa Socialista de Izquierdas
• Los Parados
• The Eco-pacifist Greens (Los Verdes Ecopacifistas) (1988–present)
• Nueva Izquierda Verde
• Nuevo Partido por la Democracia^[19][20]
• Partido Familia y Vida
• Actúa (2017–present)
• Partido de los Autónomos Jubilados y Viudas
• Republican Alternative (Alternativa Republicana) (2013–present)
• Partido Ibérico
• Partido Mutuo Apoyo Romántico
• Solidaridad y Autogestión Internacionalista (SAIn)
• Foro Centro y Democracia (CYD)
• National Bolshevik Party (Partido Nacional Bolquevique)
• Muerte al Sistema (+MAS+)^[21]
• SOMOS España
• Volt Spain (2018–present)
• Workers' Front (2018-present)

Communist parties

• Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) (1973–present)
• Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE) (1973–present)
• Revolutionary Workers' Party (Spain) (1974–present)
• Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) (1980–present)
• Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) (1984–present)
• Anticapitalists (1995–present)
• Internationalist Struggle (LI) (1999–present)
• Corriente Roja (CR) (2002–present)
• Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (M–L)) (2006–present)
• Marxist–Leninist Party (Communist Reconstruction) (PML(RC)) (2014–present)
• Revolutionary Anticapitalist Left (IZAR) (2015–present)
• Workers' Revolutionary Current (CRT) (2017–present)
• Revolutionary Left (IR) (2017–present)
• Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) (2019–present)

Nationalist parties

• Falange Española de las JONS (1976–present)
• Spanish Catholic Movement (1981–present)
• National Democracy (1995–present)
• National Workers' Party (Spain) (1999–present)
• España 2000 (2002–present)
• Authentic Phalanx (Falange Auténtica) (2002–present)
• Spanish Alternative (2003–present)
• National Alliance (2006–present)
• Party for Freedom (2013–present)
• Hacer Nación (2020–present)

Regionalist parties

Andalusia

• Andalusian Left (1998-present)
• Andalusian Nation (1999-present)
• Andalusia by Itself (2016-present)
• Andalusi Party (2023–present)
• Partido Regionalista por Andalucía Oriental (PRAO) [es]

Aragon

• Puyalón de Cuchas (2008-present)

Asturias

• Partíu Asturianista (1985–present)
• Andecha Astur (1990–present)
• Asturian Left (1992–present)
• Asturian Renewal Union (1998–present)
• Bloc for Asturias (2003–present)
• Unidá (2007–present)
• Conceyu Abiertu (2011–present)
• Compromisu por Asturies (2011–present)

Baleric Islands

• El Pi-Proposal for the islands

Basque Country

• Zornotza Eginez (local)

Cantabria

• Cantabrian Nationalist Council (1995–present)

Castile and León

• Partido de El Bierzo (1979–present)
• Partido Regionalista del País Leonés (1980–present)
• Unidad Regionalista de Castilla y León (1992–present)
• Izquierda Castellana (2002–present)
• Agrupación de Electores Independientes Zamoranos
• Partido de Castilla y León (PCAL) [es]

Catalonia

• The Greens–Green Alternative (1999–present)
• Pirate Party of Catalonia (2010–present)
• Catalan Solidarity for Independence (2010–present)
• National Front of Catalonia (2013–present)
• Som Catalans (2014–present)
• Communists of Catalonia (2014–present)
• Convergents (2017–present)
• Nationalist Party of Catalonia (2020-present)
• Alhora (2023–present)

Extremadura

• United Extremadura (1980–present)
• Extremaduran Coalition (1995–present)

Galicia

• Galician People's Front (1986–present)
• Land Party (Partido da Terra) (2011–present)
• Commitment to Galicia (2012-present)

Madrid

• The Greens of the Community of Madrid (1995–present)
• recover madrid (2021-present)

Navarre

• Batzarre (1987–present)

Valencia

• Valencian Democrats (2013-present)

Defunct parties

Defunct major parties

• People's Socialist Party (1968–1978)
• POUM (1935–1980)
• National Union (1979–1982)
• Democratic Reformist Party (1983–1986)
• Progressive Federation (1984–1988)
• People's Alliance, refounded as People's Party (1976–1989)
  • Liberal Party, absorbed into the People's Party (1976–1989)
  • People's Democratic Party, absorbed into the People's Party (1982–1989)
• Union of the Democratic Centre (1977–1983), refounded as Democratic and Social Centre (1982–2006) (merged into PP)
• Communist Unity (1985–1991) Absorbed in to PSOE
• Ruiz-Mateos Group (1989-1995)
• Socialist Action Party(1972–2001)
• Liberal Independent Group (1991–2007)
• Convergence of Democrats of Navarre (1995-2011)
• Majorca Socialist Party (1977–2013), absorbed into PSM–Nationalist Agreement
• Valencian Union (1982–2014)
• The Greens–Ecologist Left of the Valencian Country (2004-2014)
• Nafarroa Bai (2004–2015)
• Andalusian Party (1965–2015)
• Open Left (2012–2018)
• Madrid now (2015-2019) became Más Madrid
• Union, Progress and Democracy (2007–2020)
• Valencian Nationalist Bloc (1999-2021)
• Sum Navarre (2019-2022)

Defunct parties of Catalonia

• Left nationalists (1979-1984)
• Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) (1936–1997) dissolved, but (PSUC viu) was founded after its dissolution
• Agreement of Left Nationalists (1985-1987)
• League of Catalonia–Catalan Liberal Party (1976–1977)
• Democratic Union–Broad Centre (1978–1979)
• Catalan Solidarity (1980)
• Union of the Centre of Catalonia (1978–1981)
• Social Democratic Party of Catalonia (1976–1988)
• The Greens–Ecologist Confederation of Catalonia (1994–2001)
• Citizens for Change (1999–2011)
• Party of the Communists of Catalonia (1982–2014), rebranded as Communists of Catalonia
• New Catalan Left (2012-2014)
• Convergence and Union (1978–2015)
• In Struggle (1994–2016)
• Democratic Union of Catalonia (1977–2017) rebranded as United to Advance
• Platform for Catalonia (2002–2019) (merged into Vox)
• Initiative for Catalonia Greens (1987–2019) rebranded as green left
• National Call for the Republic (2018–2020) Merged into Junts
• Catalan European Democratic Party (2016–2023)

Defunct parties of the Basque Country

• Euskadiko Ezkerra, absorbed into Socialist Party of the Basque Country (1977–1993)
• Herri Batasuna (1978–2001), refounded as Batasuna (2001–2013), the political branch of ETA, illegal
  • Euskal Herritarrok (1998–2003), banned
• Communist Party of the Basque Homelands (2002–2008), outlawed
• Basque Nationalist Action (1930–2008), outlawed
• Askatasuna (1998–2009), banned
• Herritarren Zerrenda (2004), banned
• Demokrazia Hiru Milioi (2009), outlawed
• Zutik (1991–2011)
• Amaiur (2011–2015), became EH Bildu
• Aralar (2000–2017)

Defunct minor parties

• National Alliance July 18 (1977)
• Asturian Nationalist Council (1979–1981)
• Liberal Democratic Party (1982-1984)
• Spanish Solidarity (1982–1984)
• Partido Galeguista (1977–1984)
• Republican Popular Unity (1986-1987)
• Ensame Nacionalista Astur (1982–1988)
• Foral Democratic Union (1987-1991)
• Revolutionary Communist League (Spain) (1971–1991)
• Communist Movement (1972-1991)
• Asturian Nationalist Unity (1988–1992)
• Alternative Left (Spain) (1991–1993)
• Forum (1991-1995)
• Andalusian Progress Party (1993-1996)
• Communist Workers League (Spain) (1973–1999)
• Alianza por la Unidad Nacional (1995–2005) (Merged into National Alliance)
• Another Democracy is Possible (2003–2006)
• Spanish Democratic Party (1996–2008)
• Commoners' Land (1988–2009)
• National Front (2006–2011)
• Cantabrian Unity (2002–2011)
• Socialist Party of Andalusia (2001-2011)
• Galician Coalition (1983–2012)
• Andalusian Convergence (2006-2013)
• Union of the Salamancan People (2002–2014)
• Unión Centrista Liberal (1978–2014)
• Liberal Democratic Centre (2006-2014)
• Nós–Unidade Popular (2001–2015)
• Republican Social Movement (1999–2018)
• Independent Socialists of Extremadura (1994–2018)
• Pirate Party (2006–2022)
• Citizens for Blank Votes (2002–2022)
• The Phalanx (1999–2024)

Historical parties

Reign of Isabella II and the Sexenio Democrático

• Moderate Party (1834–1874)
• Progressive Party (1834–1874)
• Democratic Party (1849–1869)
• Liberal Union (1858–1874)
• Traditionalist Communion (1869–1937)
• Radical Democratic Party (1871–1880)
• Federal Democratic Republican Party (1868–1912)
• Constitutional Party (1872–1880)

Bourbon restoration

• Conservative Party (1876–1931)
• Liberal Party (1880–1931)
• Traditionalist Communion (1869–1937)
• Regionalist League of Catalonia (1901–1936)
• Republican Nationalist Federal Union (1910–1917)
• Republican–Socialist Conjunction (1909–1919)
• Maurist Party (1913–1930)
• Reformist Party (1912–1924)
• Radical Republican Party (1908–1936)
• Spanish Patriotic Union (1924–1930)

Second Spanish Republic

• National Front
  • Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas (1933–1937)
    • Popular Action (1930–1933)
  • Spanish Agrarian Party (1934–1936)
  • Spanish Nationalist Party (1930–1936)
  • Spanish Renovation (1933–1937)
  • Traditionalist Communion (1869–1937)
• Popular Front
  • Republican Left (1934–1959)
  • Republican Union (1934–1958)
  • Syndicalist Party (1934–1976)
  • Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (1935–1980)
• Radical Republican Party (1908–1936)
• Falange Española de las JONS (1934–1937)
  • Falange Española (1933–1934)
  • Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista (1931–1934)
• Regionalist League of Catalonia (1901–1936)
• Radical Socialist Republican Party (1929–1934)
• Liberal Republican Right (1930–1936)
• Republican Action (1925–1934)
• Conservative Republican Party (1932–1936)
• Party of the Democratic Centre (1936–1939)

Francoist Spain

During the period of the Francoist Regime from 1939 to 1977, Spain was a One-party state. That means that only one political party, the Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (FET y de las JONS), was legally allowed to hold power.

• Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (1937–1977)
  • Falange Española de las JONS (1934–1937)
  • Traditionalist Communion (1869–1937)

See also

• Politics of Spain
• List of political parties by country
• List of political parties in Catalonia
• List of political parties in Galicia
• Liberalism and radicalism in Spain
• Republicanism in Spain
• Anarchism in Spain
• The far-right in Spain
• Federalism in Spain
• Parties and factions in Isabelline Spain

References

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18. A centre-left party focused on the fight for animal rights, the environment and social justice. The party seeks to ban all sorts of bullfighting events.
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