Burning Ship fractal

Detail of the Burning Ship fractal

The Burning Ship fractal, first described and created by Michael Michelitsch and Otto E. Rössler in 1992, is generated by iterating the function:

${\displaystyle z_{n+1}=(|\operatorname {Re} \left(z_{n}\right)|+i|\operatorname {Im} \left(z_{n}\right)|)^{2}+c,\quad z_{0}=0}$

in the complex plane ${\displaystyle \mathbb {C} }$ which will either escape or remain bounded. The difference between this calculation and that for the Mandelbrot set is that the real and imaginary components are set to their respective absolute values before squaring at each iteration.^[1] The mapping is non-analytic because its real and imaginary parts do not obey the Cauchy–Riemann equations.^[2]

Virtually all images of the Burning Ship fractal are reflected vertically for aesthetic purposes, and some are also reflected horizontally.^[3]

Implementation

Animation of a continuous zoom-out to show the amount of detail for an implementation with 64 maximum iterations

The below pseudocode implementation hardcodes the complex operations for Z. Consider implementing complex number operations to allow for more dynamic and reusable code.

for each pixel (x, y) on the screen, do:
    x := scaled x coordinate of pixel (scaled to lie in the Mandelbrot X scale (-2.5, 1))
    y := scaled y coordinate of pixel (scaled to lie in the Mandelbrot Y scale (-1, 1))

    zx := x // zx represents the real part of z
    zy := y // zy represents the imaginary part of z 

    iteration := 0
    max_iteration := 100

    while (zx*zx + zy*zy < 4 and iteration < max_iteration) do
        xtemp := zx*zx - zy*zy + x 
        zy := abs(2*zx*zy) + y // abs returns the absolute value
        zx := xtemp
        iteration := iteration + 1

    if iteration = max_iteration then // Belongs to the set
        return INSIDE_COLOR

    return (max_iteration / iteration) × color // Assign color to pixel outside the set

Gallery

Burning Ship fractal renderings

• 
  High-quality deep-zoom image of a small ship in the armada in the left Western antenna of the main ship structure
• 
  Burning Ship deep zoom to 2.3·10⁻⁵⁰
• 
  The Burning Ship fractal
• 
  A zoom-in to the lower left of the Burning Ship fractal, showing a "burning ship" and self-similarity to the complete fractal
• 
  A zoom-in to line on the left of the fractal, showing nested repetition (a different colour scheme is used here)
• 
  High-quality image of the Burning Ship fractal
• 
  The Burning Ship fractal featured in the 1K intro "JenterErForetrukket" by Youth Uprising; a demoscene production
• 
  Ghost Ship - The Burning Ship fractal rendered using the Nebulabrot technique
• 
  A corresponding Julia set of Burning Ship fractal
• 
  A corresponding Julia set of Burning Ship fractal
• 
  High resolution image of the burning ship fractal
• 
  The structure of the Burning Ship fractal
• 
  High-quality overview image of the Burning Ship fractal
• 
  Chain of burning ships
• 
  High-quality image of the large ship in the left antenna
• 
  Full fractal

References

1. Agarwal, Shafali; Negi, Ashish (2013). "Inventive Burning Ship". International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology.
2. Michael Michelitsch and Otto E. Rössler (1992). "The "Burning Ship" and Its Quasi-Julia Sets". In: Computers & Graphics Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 435–438, 1992. Reprinted in Clifford A. Pickover Ed. (1998). Chaos and Fractals: A Computer Graphical Journey — A 10 Year Compilation of Advanced Research. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier. ISBN 0-444-50002-2
3. "HPDZ.NET - Still Images - Burning Ship".

External links

• About properties and symmetries of the Burning Ship fractal, featured by Theory.org
• Burning Ship Fractal, Description and C source code.
• Burning Ship with its Mset of higher powers and Julia Sets
• Burningship, Video,
• Fractal webpage includes the first representations and the original paper cited above on the Burning Ship fractal.
• 3D representations of the Burning Ship fractal
• FractalTS Mandelbrot, Burning ship and corresponding Julia set generator.