Beyliks of Canik

Beyliks of Canik
1300s (decade)–1460
Shown as Canik, Center-east Black Sea coast, yellow
Capital	(various)
Common languages	Turkish
Religion	Islam
Government	Beylik
History
• Collapse of the Sultanate of Rum	1300s (decade)
• Annexation by the Ottoman Empire	1460
Preceded by Succeeded by Sultanate of Rum Ottoman Empire
Today part of	Turkey

Beyliks of Canik (Turkish: Canik beylikleri) was a group of small Turkoman principalities in northern Anatolia during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Anthony Bryer connects the toponym Chanik with the name "Chani" which the Laz people call themselves.^{[1][full citation needed]}

Background

After the battle of Kösedağ in 1243, the Ilkhanid Mongols achieved a hegemony over Anatolia. The Seljuk sultans became the puppets of Ilkhanids and the former generals of Seljuks as well as Turkoman tribes within Seljuk realm who accepted the suzerainty of Ilkhanids, established themselves as semi-independent principalities called beylik. However, the middle Black Sea region of Anatolia lacked a dominant leader, and a series of beyliks emerged, ruled by the members of the same family. Those beyliks were smaller than the beyliks in the other regions of Anatolia and they were nominal vassals of Eretna. They lived in frequent warfare and their history is highly turbulent. Historians call all of them Beyliks of Canik. (Nowadays Canik is the name of a mountain system in the Middle Black Sea region as well as one of the second-level municipalities of Greater Samsun)

The beyliks

In the following table, the names usually refer to the founder of the beylik, (where the suffix "...oğulları" means "sons of") with the exception of Bafra which is the name of the capital city of the beylik.^[2]

Name of the beylik	Capital	End of duration
Beylik of Bafra	Bafra	1460
Hacıemiroğulları	Mesudiye	1427
Kubatoğulları	Ladik	1428
Kutluşah	Amasya	1381
Tacettinoğulları	Niksar	1415
Taşanoğulları	Merzifon	1398

All of the beyliks were incorporated in the Ottoman Empire.

The monarchs

Some members of the dynasties are:^[3]

Kutluşah:

• Hacı Kutlu Şah Bey (1340-1361)
• Hacı Şâdgeldi Bey (1361-1381)
• Fahrüddîn Ahmed Bey (1381-1393)

Tacettinoğulları (Tâcüddînoğulları)

• Tâcüddîn Doğan Şah (1308-1346)
• Tâcüddîn Bey (1346-1387)
• Mahmud Çelebi (1387-1423)
• Hüsâmüddîn Hasan Bey (1423-1425)

Hacıemiroğulları (Bayramoğulları)

• Hacı Bayram Bey (1313-1331)
• Hacı Emir Bey (1331-1361)
• Süleyman Bey (1386-1392)

References

1. Bryer, 1975,127.
2. Türkçe bilgi On line history (in Turkish)
3. Yılmaz Öztuna:Devletler ve Hanedanlar, Kültür bakanlığı, 1996, ISBN 975-1704-715 pp.86-87