Anaxyelidae

Anaxyelidae Temporal range: Middle Jurassic–Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Syntexis libocedrii
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
(unranked):	Unicalcarida
Superfamily:	Siricoidea
Family:	Anaxyelidae Martynov 1925
Genera
See text

Anaxyelidae is a family of incense cedar wood wasps in the order Hymenoptera. It contains only one living genus, Syntexis, which has only a single species, native to Western North America.^[1][2][3] Fossils of the family extend back to the Middle Jurassic, belonging to over a dozen extinct genera, with a particularly high diversity during the Early Cretaceous. Syntexis lay eggs in the sapwood of conifers, preferring recently burnt wood.^[4]

Genera

These genera belong to the family Anaxyelidae:

Taxonomy after^[4]

• Subfamily Syntexinae
  • Syntexis Rohwer, 1915 Western North America, Recent
  • † Cretosyntexis Rasnitsyn & Martinez-Delclos, 2000 La Pedrera de Rubies Formation, Spain, Early Cretaceous (Barremian)
  • † Curiosyntexis Kopylov, 2019^[5] Ola Formation Russia, Late Cretaceous (Campanian)
  • † Daosyntexis Kopylov, Rasnitsyn, Zhang & Zhang, 2020 Daohugou, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian)^[6]
  • † Dolichosyntexis Kopylov, 2019^[5] Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
  • † Eosyntexis Rasnitsyn, 1990 Purbeck Group, United Kingdom, Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) La Pedrera de Rubies Formation, Spain, Early Cretaceous (Barremian), Turga Formation, Russia, Aptian, Spanish amber, Early Cretaceous (Albian)
  • † Orthosyntexis J. Gao, Engel, Shih, & T. Gao, 2021 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)^[4]
  • † Parasyntexis Kopylov, 2019^[5] Khasurty, Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
  • † Sclerosyntexis Wang, Ren, Kopylov & Gao, 2020 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)^[7]
• Subfamily Anaxyelinae
  • † Anasyntexis Rasnitsyn, 1968 Karabastau Formation, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian)
  • † Anaxyela Martynov, 1925 Karabastau Formation, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian)
  • † Brachysyntexis Rasnitsyn, 1969 Daohugou, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian), Karabastau Formation, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian), Yixian Formation, China, Aptian, Khasurty, Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
  • † Dolichostigma Rasnitsyn, 1968 Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
  • † Kempendaja Rasnitsyn, 1968 Khaya Formation, Russia, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
  • † Kulbastavia Rasnitsyn, 1968 Karabastau Formation, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian)
  • † Mangus Kopylov, 2019^[5] Dzun-Bain Formation, Mongolia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
  • † Sphenosyntexis Rasnitzyn, 1969 Karabastau Formation, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian)
  • † Syntexyela Rasnitsyn, 1968 Karabastau Formation, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian), Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
  • † Urosyntexis Rasnitzyn, 1969 Karabastau Formation, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian), Khasurty, Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)

References

1. Taeger, A.; Liston, A.D.; Prous, M.; Groll, E.K.; et al. (2018). "ECatSym – Electronic World Catalog of Symphyta (Insecta, Hymenoptera)". Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut (SDEI), Müncheberg. Retrieved 2019-06-01.
2. Aguiar, A.P.; Deans, A.R.; Engel, M.S.; Forshage, M.; et al. (2013). Zhang, Zhi-Qiang (ed.). "Order Hymenoptera. In: Zhang Z-Q (ed) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classif. and survey of taxonomic richness (Addenda 2013)". Zootaxa. 3703 (1): 1–82. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3703.1.12. ISBN 978-1-86977-849-1. ISSN 1175-5326. PMID 26146682.
3. "Family Anaxyelidae information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2019-06-01.
4. Gao, Jia; Engel, Michael S.; Shih, Chungkun; Ren, Dong; Gao, Taiping (2021-10-29). "A new genus of anaxyelid wood wasps from the mid-Cretaceous and the phylogeny of Anaxyelidae (Hymenoptera)". Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 86: 151–169. doi:10.3897/jhr.86.73161. ISSN 1314-2607. S2CID 240258376.
5. KOPYLOV, DMITRY S. (2019-05-09). "New anaxyelids (Hymenoptera: Anaxyelidae) from the Cretaceous of Asia". Zootaxa. 4603 (2): 341. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4603.2.7. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 31717231. S2CID 164717860.
6. Kopylov, Dmitry S.; Rasnitsyn, Alexander P.; Zhang, Haichun; Zhang, Qi (2020-01-02). "Anaxyelidae of Daohugou: oldest occurrences of the relict family in the fossil record. Part 1: Daosyntexis and Brachysyntexis". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 44 (1): 104–114. Bibcode:2020Alch...44..104K. doi:10.1080/03115518.2019.1697753. ISSN 0311-5518. S2CID 213022739.
7. Wang, Yimo; Wang, Mei; Rasnitsyn, A.P.; Shih, Chungkun; Ren, Dong; Kopylov, Dmitry S.; Gao, Taiping (May 2020). "A new anaxyelid sawfly (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Siricoidea) in mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber". Cretaceous Research. 109: 104372. Bibcode:2020CrRes.10904372W. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104372. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 213923812.

Further reading

• Goulet, H.; Huber, J., eds. (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. Agriculture Canada Publication. Vol. 1894/E. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada.
• Sharkey, M. J.; Carpenter, J. M.; Vilhelmsen, L. (2012). "Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Hymenoptera" (PDF). Cladistics. 28 (1): 80–112. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00366.x. ISSN 0748-3007. PMID 34861753. S2CID 33628659.