African Americans in New Jersey

African Americans in New Jersey
Total population
	1,519,770
Regions with significant populations
	North Jersey: Essex County (predominantly in Irvington and the Oranges, along with significant plurality communities in Maplewood, Montclair and Bloomfield); Newark (particularly in Weequahic, Vailsburg, Clinton Hill, Springfield/Belmont, West Side and Fairmount); Jersey City; Paterson; Bergen County (Teaneck, Hackensack and Englewood); ; Central Jersey: Union County (especially in Hillside, Roselle, Plainfield, Rahway, Linden, Union and Elizabeth); Trenton; Franklin; North Plainfield; North Brunswick; Piscataway; New Brunswick; ; South Jersey: Camden County (Lawnside, Camden, Winslow, Lindenwold, Pine Hill, Pennsauken, Gloucester and Collingswood); Burlington County (Willingboro, Burlington and Pemberton Township); Bridgeton; Salem; ; Jersey Shore: Asbury Park; Neptune; Pleasantville; Atlantic City; Somers Point; Hamilton;

African American New Jerseyans are residents of the U.S. state of New Jersey who are of African American ancestry. As of the 2020 census, African Americans comprise approximately 15.4% of the state's population. The historical presence of African Americans in New Jersey can be traced back to the colonial era, during which enslaved Africans were transported to the state by Dutch and English settlers.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

History

The arrival of the first African Americans in New Jersey can be traced back to the 17th century when Dutch settlers brought enslaved Africans to the region.^[6]^[7]

During the American Revolution, New Jersey became a battleground in the fight against British rule, with many joining the Continental Army and fighting for their own freedom. Notable figures such as Oliver Cromwell, an African American soldier, made significant contributions^[vague] to the cause.^[8]

The early 19th century witnessed a gradual shift in the status of African Americans in New Jersey. The state passed laws that gradually abolished slavery, leading to the emancipation of enslaved individuals. However, racial discrimination and segregation persisted, limiting the opportunities available to African Americans.

The late 19th and early 20th centuries marked a period of significant migration for African Americans in New Jersey. Many individuals moved from the rural South to urban areas such as Newark and Camden in search of better economic prospects. This influx of African Americans contributed to the growth of vibrant communities and cultural institutions.

Notable figures such as Paul Robeson, a renowned actor, singer, and civil rights activist, emerged from the state, leaving a lasting impact on American culture.

Population

According to the 2020 Census, the African American population in New Jersey is estimated to be approximately 1.2 million people, representing approximately 15% of the state's total population.^[9] This figure includes individuals who identify as Black or African American alone, as well as those who identify as Black or African American in combination with one or more other races.

The African American population in New Jersey is predominantly located in urban areas, specifically in the cities of Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, and Trenton, as well as in Essex and Union Counties. South Jersey also harbors a substantial African American population, primarily concentrated in Camden County, Willingboro, and Atlantic City. These regions are also host to a significant number of African American residents. Historically, these cities have served as pivotal centers for African American culture and activism, and they continue to play a crucial role as community hubs in the present day. Nevertheless, African Americans can be found dispersed throughout the entirety of the state.

Notable people

Politics

Cory Booker - A prominent politician who served as the mayor of Newark from 2006 to 2013 and later became a United States Senator from New Jersey. Booker has been a vocal advocate for criminal justice reform and has championed various social issues.

Arts and entertainment

Queen Latifah - A renowned actress, singer, and rapper who has garnered critical acclaim for her versatile performances. She has received numerous accolades, including a Grammy Award and an Academy Award nomination.
Lauryn Hill - A talented singer, songwriter, and rapper known for her soulful voice and thought-provoking lyrics. Hill achieved great success as a member of the hip-hop group Fugees and later as a solo artist.
Paul Robeson - An iconic figure in the entertainment industry, Robeson was a singer, actor, and civil rights activist. He gained international recognition for his powerful bass-baritone voice and his unwavering commitment to fighting racial injustice.

Sports

Shaquille O'Neal - A legendary basketball player who dominated the NBA for nearly two decades. O'Neal won multiple championships and earned numerous accolades, including being named an NBA Most Valuable Player.
Carl Lewis - A track and field athlete who is widely regarded as one of the greatest Olympians of all time. Lewis won nine Olympic gold medals and set multiple world records during his illustrious career.
Althea Gibson - A trailblazing tennis player who became the first African American to win a Grand Slam title. Gibson's achievements paved the way for future generations of black athletes in the sport.

References

^ "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: New Jersey". www.census.gov. Archived from the original on 2023-08-11. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
^ "Afro-Americans in New Jersey" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-05-26. Retrieved 2023-09-22.
^ "The Black Freedom Struggle in Northern New Jersey, 1613-1860: A Review of the Literature". Archived from the original on 2023-06-22. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
^ Baer, Andrea. "Research Guides: African American Contributions to the History of New Jersey: Some New Jerseyans of Note". libguides.rowan.edu. Archived from the original on 2023-06-11. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
^ "Afro-Americans in New Jersey: a short history". New Jersey State Library. Archived from the original on 2023-09-26. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
^ "Scarlet and Black". Rutgers University Press. Archived from the original on 2022-12-04. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
^ Hodges, Russel Graham (1999). "Root and Branch: African Americans in New York and East Jersey, 1613-1863". Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ "Unit 4 Blacks in the Revolutionary Era, 1776-1789". New Jersey State Library. Archived from the original on 2023-06-09. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
^ "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: New Jersey". www.census.gov. Archived from the original on 2023-08-11. Retrieved 2023-11-20.