33rd Canadian Parliament

33rd Parliament of Canada
Majority parliament
5 November 1984 – 1 October 1988
Parliament leaders
Prime Minister	Rt. Hon. Brian Mulroney 17 Sep 1984 – 25 Jun 1993
Cabinet	24th Canadian Ministry
Leader of the Opposition	Rt. Hon. John Turner September 17, 1984 (1984-09-17) – February 7, 1990 (1990-02-07)
Party caucuses
Government	Progressive Conservative Party
Opposition	Liberal Party
Recognized	New Democratic Party
House of Commons
Seating arrangements of the House of Commons
Speaker of the Commons	Hon. John William Bosley November 5, 1984 (1984-11-05) – September 29, 1986 (1986-09-29)
	Hon. John Allen Fraser September 30, 1986 (1986-09-30) – January 16, 1994 (1994-01-16)
Government House Leader	Hon. Ray Hnatyshyn November 5, 1984 (1984-11-05) – June 29, 1986 (1986-06-29)
	Hon. Don Mazankowski June 30, 1986 (1986-06-30) – December 30, 1988 (1988-12-30)
Opposition House Leader	Hon. Herb Gray September 18, 1984 (1984-09-18) – February 7, 1990 (1990-02-07)
Members	282 MP seats List of members
Senate
Seating arrangements of the Senate
Speaker of the Senate	Hon. Guy Charbonneau November 2, 1984 (1984-11-02) – December 6, 1993 (1993-12-06)
Government Senate Leader	Hon. Dufferin Roblin September 17, 1984 (1984-09-17) – June 29, 1986 (1986-06-29)
	Hon. Lowell Murray June 30, 1986 (1986-06-30) – November 3, 1993 (1993-11-03)
Opposition Senate Leader	Hon. Allan MacEachen September 16, 1984 (1984-09-16) – November 30, 1991 (1991-11-30)
Senators	104 senator seats List of senators
Sovereign
Monarch	Elizabeth II 6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022
Sessions
1st session November 5, 1984 (1984-11-05) – August 28, 1986 (1986-08-28)
2nd session September 30, 1986 (1986-09-30) – October 1, 1988 (1988-10-01)
← 32nd → 34th

Brian Mulroney was Prime Minister during the 33rd Canadian Parliament.

The 33rd Canadian Parliament was in session from November 5, 1984, until October 1, 1988. The membership was set by the 1984 federal election on September 4, 1984, and it only changed slightly due to resignations and by-elections prior to being dissolved before the 1988 election.

It was controlled by a Progressive Conservative majority under Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and the 24th Canadian Ministry. The Official Opposition was the Liberal Party, led by former prime minister John Turner.

The Speaker was first John William Bosley and then John Allen Fraser. See also List of Canadian electoral districts 1976-1987 for a list of the ridings in this parliament.

There were two sessions of the 33rd Parliament:

Session	Start	End
1st	November 5, 1984	August 28, 1986
2nd	September 30, 1986	October 1, 1988

Party standings

The party standings as of the election and as of dissolution were as follows:

Affiliation		House members		Senate members
		1984 election results	At dissolution	On election day 1984[1]	At dissolution
	Progressive Conservative	211	203	23	36
	Liberal	40	38	74	59
	New Democratic Party	30	32	0	0
	Independent	1	4	3	5
	Independent Liberal	0	0	1	0
Total seats		282	277	101	100
	Vacant	0	5	3	4
Total seats		282		104

Members of the House of Commons

Members of the House of Commons in the 33rd parliament arranged by province.

Newfoundland

	Name	Party	Electoral district
	Morrissey Johnson	Progressive Conservative	Bonavista—Trinity—Conception
	Joseph Price	Progressive Conservative	Burin—St. George's
	George Baker	Liberal	Gander—Twillingate
	Bill Rompkey	Liberal	Grand Falls—White Bay—Labrador
	Brian Tobin	Liberal	Humber—Port au Port—St. Barbe
	James McGrath	Progressive Conservative	St. John's East
	Jack Harris*	New Democrat
	John Crosbie	Progressive Conservative	St. John's West

• • James McGrath resigned from Parliament and was replaced by Jack Harris in a July 20, 1987, by-election

Prince Edward Island

	Name	Party	Electoral district
	Pat Binns	Progressive Conservative	Cardigan
	George Henderson	Liberal	Egmont
	Thomas McMillan	Progressive Conservative	Hillsborough
	Melbourne Gass	Progressive Conservative	Malpeque

Nova Scotia

	Name	Party	Electoral district
	Pat Nowlan	Progressive Conservative	Annapolis Valley—Hants
	Lawrence O'Neil	Progressive Conservative	Cape Breton Highlands—Canso
	David Dingwall	Liberal	Cape Breton—East Richmond
	Russell MacLellan	Liberal	Cape Breton—The Sydneys
	Elmer MacKay	Progressive Conservative	Central Nova
	Robert Coates	Progressive Conservative	Cumberland—Colchester
	Michael Forrestall	Progressive Conservative	Dartmouth—Halifax East
	Stewart MacInnes	Progressive Conservative	Halifax
	Howard Crosby	Progressive Conservative	Halifax West
	Lloyd Crouse	Progressive Conservative	South Shore
	Gerald Comeau	Progressive Conservative	South West Nova

New Brunswick

	Name	Party	Electoral district
	Fred McCain	Progressive Conservative	Carleton—Charlotte
	Robert Corbett	Progressive Conservative	Fundy—Royal
	Roger Clinch	Progressive Conservative	Gloucester
	Bernard Valcourt	Progressive Conservative	Madawaska—Victoria
	Dennis Cochrane	Progressive Conservative	Moncton
	Bud Jardine	Progressive Conservative	Northumberland—Miramichi
	Al Girard	Progressive Conservative	Restigouche
	Gerald Merrithew	Progressive Conservative	Saint John
	Fernand Robichaud	Liberal	Westmorland—Kent
	J. Robert Howie	Progressive Conservative	York—Sunbury

Quebec

	Name	Party	Electoral district
	Guy St-Julien	Progressive Conservative	Abitibi
	Lise Bourgault	Progressive Conservative	Argenteuil—Papineau
	Gilles Bernier	Progressive Conservative	Beauce
	Jean-Guy Hudon	Progressive Conservative	Beauharnois—Salaberry
	Pierre Blais	Progressive Conservative	Bellechasse
	Robert de Cotret	Progressive Conservative	Berthier—Maskinongé—Lanaudière
	Monique Landry	Progressive Conservative	Blainville—Deux-Montagnes
	Darryl Gray	Progressive Conservative	Bonaventure—Îles-de-la-Madeleine
	Carlo Rossi	Liberal	Bourassa
	Gabrielle Bertrand	Progressive Conservative	Brome—Missisquoi
	Richard Grisé	Progressive Conservative	Chambly
	Michel Champagne	Progressive Conservative	Champlain
	Monique Tardif	Progressive Conservative	Charlesbourg
	Charles-André Hamelin	Progressive Conservative	Charlevoix
	Ricardo Lopez	Progressive Conservative	Châteauguay
	André Harvey	Progressive Conservative	Chicoutimi
	Gerry Weiner	Progressive Conservative	Dollard
	Jean-Guy Guilbault	Progressive Conservative	Drummond
	Vincent Della Noce	Progressive Conservative	Duvernay
	Marcel Masse	Progressive Conservative	Frontenac
	Michel Gravel	Progressive Conservative	Gamelin
	Charles-Eugène Marin	Progressive Conservative	Gaspé
	Claudy Mailly	Progressive Conservative	Gatineau
	Édouard Desrosiers	Progressive Conservative	Hochelaga—Maisonneuve
	Joseph Isabelle	Liberal	Hull—Aylmer
	Roch La Salle	Progressive Conservative	Joliette
	Jean-Pierre Blackburn	Progressive Conservative	Jonquière
	André Plourde	Progressive Conservative	Kamouraska—Rivière-du-Loup
	Fernand Ladouceur	Progressive Conservative	Labelle
	Clément M. Côté	Progressive Conservative	Lac-Saint-Jean
	Lucien Bouchard*	Progressive Conservative
	Robert Layton	Progressive Conservative	Lachine
	Michel Côté	Progressive Conservative	Langelier
	Fernand Jourdenais	Progressive Conservative	La Prairie
	Claude Lanthier	Progressive Conservative	Lasalle
	David Berger	Liberal	Laurier
	Guy Ricard	Progressive Conservative	Laval
	Raymond Garneau	Liberal	Laval-des-Rapides
	Gabriel Fontaine	Progressive Conservative	Lévis
	Nic Leblanc	Progressive Conservative	Longueuil
	Maurice Tremblay	Progressive Conservative	Lotbinière
	Suzanne Duplessis	Progressive Conservative	Louis-Hébert
	Brian Mulroney	Progressive Conservative	Manicouagan
	Jean-Luc Joncas	Progressive Conservative	Matapédia—Matane
	François Gérin	Progressive Conservative	Mégantic—Compton—Stanstead
	Anne Blouin	Progressive Conservative	Montmorency—Orléans
	Sheila Finestone	Liberal	Mount Royal
	Carole Jacques	Progressive Conservative	Montreal—Mercier
	Jean-Claude Malépart	Liberal Party	Montreal—Sainte-Marie
	Warren Allmand	Liberal	Notre-Dame-de-Grâce
	Lucie Pépin	Liberal	Outremont
	André Ouellet	Liberal	Papineau
	Barry Moore	Progressive Conservative	Pontiac—Gatineau—Labelle
	Marc Ferland	Progressive Conservative	Portneuf
	Marcel Tremblay	Progressive Conservative	Québec-Est
	Louis Plamondon	Progressive Conservative	Richelieu
	Alain Tardif	Liberal Party	Richmond
	Monique Vézina	Progressive Conservative	Rimouski—Témiscouata
	Benoît Bouchard	Progressive Conservative	Roberval
	Suzanne Blais-Grenier**	Progressive Conservative	Rosemont
		Independent
	Marcel Prud'homme	Liberal	Saint-Denis
	Don Johnston***	Liberal	Saint-Henri—Westmount
		Independent Liberal
	Andrée Champagne	Progressive Conservative	Saint-Hyacinthe
	Jacques Guilbault	Liberal	Saint-Jacques
	André Bissonnette	Progressive Conservative	Saint-Jean
	Alfonso Gagliano	Liberal	Saint-Léonard—Anjou
	Jean Chrétien	Liberal	Saint-Maurice—Champlain
	Gilles Grondin****	Liberal
	Marie Thérèse Killens	Liberal	Saint-Michel—Ahuntsic
	Jean Lapierre	Liberal	Shefford
	Jean Charest	Progressive Conservative	Sherbrooke
	Gabriel Desjardins	Progressive Conservative	Témiscamingue
	Robert Toupin*****	Progressive Conservative	Terrebonne
		Independent
		New Democrat
		Independent
	Pierre H. Vincent	Progressive Conservative	Trois-Rivières
	Pierre Cadieux	Progressive Conservative	Vaudreuil
	Marcel Danis	Progressive Conservative	Verchères
	Gilbert Chartrand	Progressive Conservative	Verdun—Saint-Paul

* Clément M. Côté resigned and was replaced by Lucien Bouchard in a June 20, 1988, by-election.

** Don Johnston resigned from the Liberal caucus to sit as an Independent Liberal on January 18, 1988.

*** Suzanne Blais-Grenier expelled from the Progressive Conservative for refusing to withdraw allegations of kickbacks involving the Quebec wing of the party and sat as an Independent on September 21, 1988.

**** Jean Chrétien resigned from parliament due to poor relations with the party leader. He was replaced by Gilles Grondin in a September 29, 1987, by-election.

***** Robert Toupin left the Progressive Conservative sat as an Independent on May 14, 1986 and join the New Democratic Party on December 16, 1986. And left the NDP to sit again as an Independent on October 26, 1987.

Ontario

	Name	Party	Electoral district
	Maurice Foster	Liberal	Algoma
	Neil Young	New Democrat	Beaches
	John McDermid	Progressive Conservative	Brampton—Georgetown
	Derek Blackburn	New Democrat	Brant
	Lynn McDonald	New Democrat	Broadview—Greenwood
	Gary Gurbin	Progressive Conservative	Bruce—Grey
	Bill Kempling	Progressive Conservative	Burlington
	Chris Speyer	Progressive Conservative	Cambridge
	Keith Penner	Liberal	Cochrane
	Charles Caccia	Liberal	Davenport
	Bill Attewell	Progressive Conservative	Don Valley East
	John Bosley	Progressive Conservative	Don Valley West
	Allan Lawrence	Progressive Conservative	Durham—Northumberland
	Roland de Corneille	Liberal	Eglinton—Lawrence
	John Wise	Progressive Conservative	Elgin
	Girve Fretz	Progressive Conservative	Erie
	James Caldwell	Progressive Conservative	Essex—Kent
	Steven W. Langdon	New Democrat	Essex—Windsor
	Michael Wilson	Progressive Conservative	Etobicoke Centre
	Robert Pennock	Progressive Conservative	Etobicoke North
	Patrick Boyer	Progressive Conservative	Etobicoke—Lakeshore
	Don Boudria	Liberal	Glengarry—Prescott—Russell
	Gus Mitges	Progressive Conservative	Grey—Simcoe
	William Winegard	Progressive Conservative	Guelph
	Bud Bradley	Progressive Conservative	Haldimand—Norfolk
	Otto Jelinek	Progressive Conservative	Halton
	Sheila Copps	Liberal	Hamilton East
	Ian Deans	New Democrat	Hamilton Mountain
	Marion Dewar*	New Democrat
	Geoffrey Scott	Progressive Conservative	Hamilton—Wentworth
	Peter Peterson	Progressive Conservative	Hamilton West
	William Vankoughnet	Progressive Conservative	Hastings—Frontenac
	Murray Cardiff	Progressive Conservative	Huron—Bruce
	John Parry	New Democrat	Kenora—Rainy River
	Elliott Hardey	Progressive Conservative	Kent
	Flora MacDonald	Progressive Conservative	Kingston and the Islands
	John Reimer	Progressive Conservative	Kitchener
	Sidney Fraleigh	Progressive Conservative	Lambton—Middlesex
	Paul Dick	Progressive Conservative	Lanark—Renfrew—Carleton
	Jennifer Cossitt	Progressive Conservative	Leeds—Grenville
	Shirley Martin	Progressive Conservative	Lincoln
	Jim Jepson	Progressive Conservative	London East
	Thomas Hockin	Progressive Conservative	London West
	Terry Clifford	Progressive Conservative	London—Middlesex
	Robert Horner	Progressive Conservative	Mississauga North
	Donald Blenkarn	Progressive Conservative	Mississauga South
	William Tupper	Progressive Conservative	Nepean—Carleton
	Rob Nicholson	Progressive Conservative	Niagara Falls
	John Rodriguez	New Democrat	Nickel Belt
	Moe Mantha	Progressive Conservative	Nipissing
	George Hees	Progressive Conservative	Northumberland
	Thomas Fennell	Progressive Conservative	Ontario
	Ed Broadbent	New Democrat	Oshawa
	Barry Turner	Progressive Conservative	Ottawa—Carleton
	Michael Cassidy	New Democrat	Ottawa Centre
	David Daubney	Progressive Conservative	Ottawa West
	Jean-Robert Gauthier	Liberal	Ottawa—Vanier
	Bruce Halliday	Progressive Conservative	Oxford
	Andrew Witer	Progressive Conservative	Parkdale—High Park
	Stan Darling	Progressive Conservative	Parry Sound—Muskoka
	Harry Brightwell	Progressive Conservative	Perth
	Bill Domm	Progressive Conservative	Peterborough
	Jack Ellis	Progressive Conservative	Prince Edward—Hastings
	Len Hopkins	Liberal	Renfrew—Nipissing—Pembroke
	David Crombie	Progressive Conservative	Rosedale
	Kenneth James	Progressive Conservative	Sarnia
	James Kelleher	Progressive Conservative	Sault Ste. Marie
	Pauline Browes	Progressive Conservative	Scarborough Centre
	Robert Hicks	Progressive Conservative	Scarborough East
	Reginald Stackhouse	Progressive Conservative	Scarborough West
	Doug Lewis	Progressive Conservative	Simcoe North
	Ronald Stewart	Progressive Conservative	Simcoe South
	Dan Heap	New Democrat	Spadina
	Joseph Reid	Progressive Conservative	St. Catharines
	Barbara McDougall	Progressive Conservative	St. Paul's
	Norman Warner	Progressive Conservative	Stormont—Dundas
	Douglas Frith	Liberal	Sudbury
	Iain Angus	New Democrat	Thunder Bay—Atikokan
	Ernie Epp	New Democrat	Thunder Bay—Nipigon
	John MacDougall	Progressive Conservative	Timiskaming
	Aurèle Gervais	Progressive Conservative	Timmins—Chapleau
	Aideen Nicholson	Liberal	Trinity
	William Scott	Progressive Conservative	Victoria—Haliburton
	Walter McLean	Progressive Conservative	Waterloo
	Allan Pietz	Progressive Conservative	Welland
	Perrin Beatty	Progressive Conservative	Wellington—Dufferin—Simcoe
	John Oostrom	Progressive Conservative	Willowdale
	Herb Gray	Liberal	Windsor West
	Howard McCurdy	New Democrat	Windsor—Walkerville
	Bob Kaplan	Liberal	York Centre
	Alan Redway	Progressive Conservative	York East
	Tony Roman	Independent	York North
	Paul McCrossan	Progressive Conservative	York—Scarborough
	John Nunziata	Liberal	York South—Weston
	Sinclair Stevens	Progressive Conservative	York—Peel
	Sergio Marchi	Liberal	York West

* Ian Deans left parliament to be appointed to a position in the federal government and was replaced by Marion Dewar in a 1987 by-election.

Manitoba

	Name	Party	Electoral district
	Lee Clark	Progressive Conservative	Brandon—Souris
	Rodney Murphy	New Democrat	Churchill
	Brian White	Progressive Conservative	Dauphin
	Jack Murta	Progressive Conservative	Lisgar
	Charles Mayer	Progressive Conservative	Portage—Marquette
	Jake Epp	Progressive Conservative	Provencher
	Léo Duguay	Progressive Conservative	Saint Boniface
	Felix Holtmann	Progressive Conservative	Selkirk—Interlake
	David Orlikow	New Democrat	Winnipeg North
	Cyril Keeper	New Democrat	Winnipeg North Centre
	Dan McKenzie	Progressive Conservative	Winnipeg—Assiniboine
	Bill Blaikie	New Democrat	Winnipeg—Birds Hill
	Lloyd Axworthy	Liberal	Winnipeg—Fort Garry
	Clement Minaker	Progressive Conservative	Winnipeg—St. James

Saskatchewan

	Name	Party	Electoral district
	Leonard Gustafson	Progressive Conservative	Assiniboia
	Vic Althouse	New Democrat	Humboldt—Lake Centre
	Bill McKnight	Progressive Conservative	Kindersley—Lloydminster
	Jack Scowen	Progressive Conservative	Mackenzie
	Bill Gottselig	Progressive Conservative	Moose Jaw
	Stan Hovdebo	New Democrat	Prince Albert
	Alvin Hamilton	Progressive Conservative	Qu'Appelle—Moose Mountain
	Simon De Jong	New Democrat	Regina East
	Leslie Benjamin	New Democrat	Regina West
	Donald Ravis	Progressive Conservative	Saskatoon East
	Ray Hnatyshyn	Progressive Conservative	Saskatoon West
	Geoff Wilson	Progressive Conservative	Swift Current—Maple Creek
	John Gormley	Progressive Conservative	The Battlefords—Meadow Lake
	Lorne Nystrom	New Democrat	Yorkton—Melville

Alberta

	Name	Party	Electoral district
	Jack Shields	Progressive Conservative	Athabasca
	Gordon Taylor	Progressive Conservative	Bow River
	Harvie Andre	Progressive Conservative	Calgary Centre
	Alex Kindy	Progressive Conservative	Calgary East
	Paul Gagnon	Progressive Conservative	Calgary North
	Bobbie Sparrow	Progressive Conservative	Calgary South
	Jim Hawkes	Progressive Conservative	Calgary West
	Arnold Malone	Progressive Conservative	Crowfoot
	William Lesick	Progressive Conservative	Edmonton East
	Steve Paproski	Progressive Conservative	Edmonton North
	Jim Edwards	Progressive Conservative	Edmonton South
	Murray Dorin	Progressive Conservative	Edmonton West
	David Kilgour	Progressive Conservative	Edmonton—Strathcona
	Blaine Thacker	Progressive Conservative	Lethbridge—Foothills
	Robert Harold Porter	Progressive Conservative	Medicine Hat
	Albert Cooper	Progressive Conservative	Peace River
	Peter Elzinga	Progressive Conservative	Pembina
	Walter van de Walle	Progressive Conservative
	Gordon Towers	Progressive Conservative	Red Deer
	Don Mazankowski	Progressive Conservative	Vegreville
	Kenneth Schellenberger	Progressive Conservative	Wetaskiwin
	Joe Clark	Progressive Conservative	Yellowhead

British Columbia

	Name	Party	Electoral district
	Svend Robinson	New Democrat	Burnaby
	Mary Collins	Progressive Conservative	Capilano
	Lorne Greenaway	Progressive Conservative	Cariboo—Chilcotin
	Raymond Skelly	New Democrat	Comox—Powell River
	James Manly	New Democrat	Cowichan—Malahat—The Islands
	Patrick Crofton	Progressive Conservative	Esquimalt—Saanich
	Ross Belsher	Progressive Conservative	Fraser Valley East
	Robert Wenman	Progressive Conservative	Fraser Valley West
	Nelson Riis	New Democrat	Kamloops—Shuswap
	Stan Graham	Progressive Conservative	Kootenay East—Revelstoke
	Robert Brisco	Progressive Conservative	Kootenay West
	Gerry St. Germain	Progressive Conservative	Mission—Port Moody
	Ted Schellenberg	Progressive Conservative	Nanaimo—Alberni
	Pauline Jewett	New Democrat	New Westminster—Coquitlam
	Chuck Cook	Progressive Conservative	North Vancouver—Burnaby
	Vincent Dantzer	Progressive Conservative	Okanagan North
	Frederick King	Progressive Conservative	Okanagan—Similkameen
	Robert McCuish	Progressive Conservative	Prince George—Bulkley Valley
	Frank Oberle, Sr.	Progressive Conservative	Prince George—Peace River
	Tom Siddon	Progressive Conservative	Richmond—South Delta
	James Fulton	New Democrat	Skeena
	Benno Friesen	Progressive Conservative	Surrey—White Rock—North Delta
	Pat Carney	Progressive Conservative	Vancouver Centre
	Margaret Mitchell	New Democrat	Vancouver East
	Ian Waddell	New Democrat	Vancouver Kingsway
	John Turner	Liberal	Vancouver Quadra
	John Fraser	Progressive Conservative	Vancouver South
	Allan McKinnon	Progressive Conservative	Victoria

Northern Territories

	Name	Party	Electoral district
	Thomas Suluk	Progressive Conservative	Nunatsiaq
	Dave Nickerson	Progressive Conservative	Western Arctic
	Erik Nielsen	Progressive Conservative	Yukon
	Audrey McLaughlin*	New Democrat

* Erik Nielsen left parliament to become head of the National Transportation Agency and was replaced by Audrey McLaughlin in a 1987 by-election.

By-elections

Main article: By-elections to the 33rd Canadian Parliament

By-election	Date	Incumbent	Party		Winner	Party		Cause	Retained
Lac-Saint-Jean	June 20, 1988	Clément Côté		Progressive Conservative	Lucien Bouchard		Progressive Conservative	Resignation	Yes
St. John's East	July 20, 1987	James A. McGrath		Progressive Conservative	Jack Harris		New Democratic	Resignation	No
Hamilton Mountain	July 20, 1987	Ian Deans		New Democratic	Marion Dewar		New Democratic	Resignation	Yes
Yukon	July 20, 1987	Erik Nielsen		Progressive Conservative	Audrey McLaughlin		New Democratic	Resignation	No
Pembina	September 29, 1986	Peter Elzinga		Progressive Conservative	Walter van de Walle		Progressive Conservative	Resignation	Yes
Saint-Maurice	September 29, 1986	Jean Chrétien		Liberal	Gilles Grondin		Liberal	Resignation	Yes

References

1. Members of the Canadian Senate are appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister and remain as senators until the age of 75, even if the House of Commons has been dissolved or an election has been called.

• Government of Canada. "24th Ministry". Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation. Privy Council Office. Retrieved 2006-11-09.
• Government of Canada. "33rd Parliament". Members of the House of Commons: 1867 to Date: By Parliament. Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2006-12-20. Retrieved 2006-11-30.
• Government of Canada. "Duration of Sessions". Library of Parliament. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
• Government of Canada. "General Elections". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2006-05-04. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
• Government of Canada. "Key Dates for each Parliament". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2005-09-14. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
• Government of Canada. "Leaders of the Opposition in the House of Commons". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2007-03-11. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
• Government of Canada. "Party Standings (1974 to date): At the Senate". Library of Parliament. Retrieved 2007-04-24.
• Government of Canada. "Prime Ministers of Canada". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 27 April 2006. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
• Government of Canada. "Speakers". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2006-09-17. Retrieved 2006-05-12.

Succession