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Klein-Soenda-eilande

Klein-Soenda-eilande
Inheemse naam: Kepulauan Sunda Kecil / Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara
Ligging van die Klein-Soenda-eilande
Ligging van die Klein-Soenda-eilande
Geografie

Ligging Suidoos-Asië
Koördinate 9°00′S 120°00′O / 9.000°S 120.000°O / -9.000; 120.000
Argipel Soenda-eilande

Hoofeilande Bali, Flores, Lombok, Soemba, Soembawa en Timor
Oppervlakte 87 700 vk km
Hoogste punt Berg Rinjani 3 726 m
Administrasie
Vlag van Indonesië Indonesië
Provinsies Bali, Wes-Nusa Tenggara, Oos-Nusa Tenggara, Maluku (net Barat Daya-eilande en Tanimbar-eilande)

Vlag van Oos-Timor Oos-Timor
Hoofstad Dili
Grootste stad Dili (222 323)

Demografie
Bevolking 12 000 000

Bevolkingsgroepe Javane, Maleiers, Soendanese

Die Klein-Soenda-eilande (Indonesies en Maleis: Kepulauan Sunda Kecil, "kleiner Soenda-argipel", of Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara, "suidoostelike argipel") is 'n argipel van ses groter en baie kleiner eilande binne die Maleise argipel wat saam met die Groot Soenda-eilande die Soenda-eilande vorm. Die ses groter eilande is Bali, Flores, Lombok, Soemba, Soembawa en Timor. Die Klein-Soenda-eilande is geleë tussen Java in die weste, Borneo in die noordweste, Soelawesi in die noorde, die Molukke in die noordooste, Nieu-Guinee in die ooste en die kontinent Australië in die suidooste.

Geografiese kaart van die Maleise argipel, bestaande uit die Groot Soenda-eilande (rooi), Klein-Soenda-eilande (groen), Molukke (blou) en Filippyne (magenta)
Nasa-Satellietbeeld van die Klein-Soenda-eilande
Kaart van die Klein-Soenda-eilande

Die Klein-Soenda-eilande word begrens deur die oop Indiese Oseaan in die suidweste, die Javasee in die noordweste, die Bali- en Floresseë in die noorde, die Bandasee in die noordooste en die Timorsee in die suidooste; binne-in die Klein-Soenda-eilande is die Savusee geleë.

Die grootste deel van die eilande word deur die eilandnasie Indonesië beslaan en is opgedeel in die provinsies Bali, Wes-Nusa Tenggara, Oos-Nusa Tenggara en Maluku (net Barat Daya-eilande en Tanimbar-eilande). Die oostelike deel van die eiland Timor behoort aan Oos-Timor, terwyl die westelike deel aan die Indonesiese provinsie Oos-Nusa Tenggara behoort.

Die Klein Soenda-eilande se geologie is gekenmerk deur baie aktiewe vulkane wat dié eilande van wes na oos gevorm het. Die vulkane behoort tot die Ring van Vuur wat die Stille Oseaan van Nieu-Seeland tot Chili omsirkel. Van die bekendste uitbarstings is dié van Tambora op Soembawa in April 1814 wat een jaar later in Europa en Noord-Amerika die Jaar sonder somer veroorsaak het.

Die Klein-Soenda-eilande het 'n bevolking van sowat twaalf miljoen. Op die eilande word veral Maleis-Polinesiese tale gepraat, maar in die oostelike dele hoofsaaklik Papoeastale. Die belangrikste godsdienste is Islam en Christendom, maar op Bali is Hindoeïsme die dominerende godsdiens en ook Lombok beskik oor 'n groot Hindoeminderheid. Oos-Timor is 'n oorwegend Rooms-Katolieke land.

Op Flores is in 2003 fossile van 'n pigmee ontdek en na die eiland Homo floresiensis genoem. Die klein eiland Komodo is veral vir die inheemse Komododraak (Varanus komodoensis) bekend.

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