Zabaniah

Zabaniah (bahasa Arab: الزبانية; Az-Zabâniyyah) adalah nama malaikat-malaikat yang bertugas menyiksa dan memaksa orang-orang di neraka dalam ajaran agama Islam. Ia digambarkan dengan sosok yang sangat garang menyeramkan dan sadis, tidak mengenal ampun terhadap orang yang telah masuk ke dalam api neraka. Zabaniah berjumlah 19 malaikat sebagaimana jumlah huruf basmalah dan Zabaniah dipimpin oleh Malaikat Malik.

Wujud Zabaniah

Penglihatan para malaikat itu bagaikan kilat yang menyambar, gigi mereka sepuh tanduk sapi, sedangkan bibir-bibir mereka menjulur sampai ke telapak kaki, kobaran api keluar dari mulut-mulut mereka, dan jarak antara kedua bahunya adalah sekitar perjalanan satu tahun. Dikatakan pula bahwa, Allah tidak menjadikan dalam hati mereka rasa belas kasihan dan lemah lembut sebesar semut kecil pun. Salah seorang dari mereka ada yang menyelam dalam lautan api neraka selama 70 tahun, tetapi api neraka itu tidak membahayakan atas dirinya karena sesungguhnya cahaya itu dapat mengalahkan api neraka.[1]

Hadis mengenai Zabaniah

Rasulullah bersabda: Siapa yang ingin supaya Allah selamatkan dia dari penanganan Malaikat Zabaniah yang berjumlah 19 orang (malaikat penjaga neraka), maka hendaklah membaca Bismillahirrahmanirrahim, niscaya Allah buatkan untuknya, dari setiap satu huruf itu sebuah surga.[2]

Perbedaan pendapat tentang Zabaniah

Istilah Zabaniah dalam surah al-Alaq ayat 18 memang sebagian besar ditafsirkan sebagai nama diri dari malaikat yang diancamkan Allah bagi mereka yang menghalangi seseorang melakukan salat.[3] Akan tetapi, A. Hassan dalam Tafsir al-Furqannya menerjemahkan istilah Zabaniah pada ayat tersebut sebagai Tentara Tuhan yang gagah.[4]

Sedangkan menurut Imam Abul Abbas al-Mubarrad, ia menyatakan istilah zabāniyah secara harafiah berarti gerakan. Sehingga ditafsirkan oleh al-Mubarrad bahwa malaikat Zabaniah dinamakan demikian karena sifat gerakan menolak atau mendorong, dalam hal ini adalah perbuatan mendorong atau melemparkan secara paksa para pendosa ke dalam neraka.[5]

Lihat pula

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ Terjemah Daqoiqul Akbar, karya: Imam Abdirrahim bin Ahmad Al-Qadhiy.
  2. ^ Hadits Riwayat Ibnu Mas'ud.
  3. ^ K.H. Qamaruddin Shaleh, H.A.A. Dahlan, Drs. M.D. Dahlan Asbabun Nuzul Latar belakang historis turunnya ayat-ayat alQur'an cetakan ke-2 Penerbit CV. Diponegoro Bandung 1975.
  4. ^ A. Hassan, Tafsir al-Furqon, Pustaka Tamaam, Bangil, 1986, hal. 1219.
  5. ^ Lange, Christian. “Revisiting Hell’s Angels in the Quran.” Locating Hell in Islamic Traditions edited by Christian Lange, Brill, LEIDEN; BOSTON, 2016, p. 82 JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/10.1163/j.ctt1w8h1w3.10.

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