Verba-subjek-objek

Tipologi linguistik
Morfologi
Isolatif
Sintetis
Polisintetis
Inflektif
Aglutinatif
Morfosintaksis
Urutan kata

Verba-subjek-objek (VSO) adalah struktur kalimat yang diawali oleh verba, diikuti oleh subjek, dan diakhiri dengan objek. VSO berada pada urutan ketiga terbanyak pada bahasa-bahasa yang digunakan, setelah subjek-objek-verba (seperti dalam bahasa Hindi dan Jepang) dan Subjek-verba-objek (seperti dalam bahasa Inggris dan Mandarin)[1].

Bahasa-bahasa yang menggunakan struktur VSO diantaranya:

Ada banyak bahasa yang memiliki urutan kata relatif bebas, dan VSO menjadi salah satu kemungkinan struktur yang digunakan, seperti pada bahasa Yunani, Spanyol, dan Rumania. Bentuk dasar bahasa tersebut sebenarnya adalah SPO, maka diklasifikasikan sebagai bahasa dengan pola SVO.

Bahasa-bahasa

Bahasa Arab Baku Modern merupakan salah satu contoh bahasa yang menggunakan VSO. Contoh kalimat:

يقرأ المدرس الكتاب

الكتاب المدرس يقرأ

yaqraʼu l-mudarrisu l-kitāba

membaca guru buku

verba subjek objek

Guru membaca buku.

Bahasa Semit lainnya, bahasa Ibrani Alkitab juga menggunakan VSO, seperti dalam Kejadian 1:1:

בָּרָא אֱלֹהִים אֵת הַשָּׁמַיִם ...

הַשָּׁמַיִם אֵת אֱלֹהִים בָּרָא

Bara Elohim et ha-shamayim ...

menciptakan Allah (partikel) langit

verba subjek objek

Allah menciptakan langit ...

Bahasa Spanyol menggunakan urutan kata yang fleksibel, dan urutan kata VSO dapat digunakan di hampir semua situasi. Contoh:

  • Todos los días compra Juan el diario. Setiap hari membeli Juan koran. Juan membeli koran setiap hari.
  • Ayer presentó María su renuncia. Kemarin menyerahkan Maria pengunduran dirinya. Maria menyerahkan pengunduran dirinya kemarin.
  • A María le regaló su abuelo un caballo de pura raza. Kepada Maria memberi kakeknya seekor kuda ras murni. Kakeknya memeberi kepada Maria seekor kuda ras murni.

Referensi

  1. ^ "Feature 81A: Order of Subject, Object and Verb". wals.info. Diakses tanggal 15 Oktober 2022. 

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