Sinema Amerika Serikat

Sinema Amerika Serikat
Jumlah layar39,641 (2011)[1]
 • Per kapita14.0 per 100,000 (2011)[1]
Distributor utamaParamount 19.2%
Warner Bros. 18.0%
Sony 12.5%[2]
Film fitur yang diproduksi (2011)[3]
Fiksi798 (97.4%)
Animasi21 (2.6%)
Jumlah admisi (2011)[5]
Total1,283,844,500
 • Per kapita3.9 (2010)[4]
Keuntungan Box Office (2011)[5]
Total$10.2 miliar

Sinema Amerika Serikat, yang secara umum disebut sebagai Hollywood, telah memiliki efek yang dapat ditemukan pada sinema di seluruh dunia sejak awal abad ke-20. Sejarahnya terkadang dibagi dalam empat periode utama: era film bisu, sinema Hollywood klasik, New Hollywood, dan periode kontemporer. Meskipun Lumière bersaudara asal Prancis secara umum disebut sebagai orang yang melahirkan sinema modern, sinema Amerika merupakan pasukan paling dominan dalam industri tersebut. Sejak 1920-an, industri film Amerika meraih keuntungan yang lebih banyak dari negara lainnya setiap tahunnya.

Pada 1878, Eadweard Muybridge mendemonstrasikan kemampuan fotografi untuk menangkap gerakan. Pada 1894, pameran film komersial pertama di dunia diadakan di New York City, menggunakan Kinetoskop buatan Thomas Edison. Amerika Serikat berada di garis terdapat dalam hal pengembangan film bersuara pada masa berikutnya. Sejak awal abad ke-20, industri film AS secara garis besar berbasis di dalam dan di sekitar Hollywood, Los Angeles, California. Picture City [en], FL juga menjadi tempat yang direncanakan untuk pusat produksi film pada 1920-an, namun karena angin ribut Okeechobee 1928 [en], gagasan tersebut batal dan Picture City kembali ke nama aslinya Hobe Sound [en]. Sutradara D. W. Griffith adalah pusat dari pengembangan tata bahasa film. Citizen Kane (1941) karya Orson Welles kemudian disebut dalam jajak pendapat kritikus sebagai film terbesar sepanjang masa.[6]

Aktor layar lebar Amerika seperti John Wayne, Clark Gable, James Dean, Marilyn Monroe dan Elvis Presley menjadi figur ikonik, dan legenda budaya pop AS sementara produser/wirausahawan Walt Disney adalah pemimpin dalam film animasi dan pernak-pernik film. Studio film utama Hollywood adalah sumber utama dari film yang berhasil secara komersial di dunia, seperti Gone with the Wind (1939), Star Wars (1977), Titanic (1997), dan Avatar (2009). Saat ini, studio-studio film Amerika secara kolektif menggenerasikan sekitar ratusan film setiap tahunnya, yang membuat Amerika Serikat menjadi salah satu produsen film paling prolifik di dunia.

Catatan

  1. ^ a b "Table 8: Cinema Infrastructure - Capacity". UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-25. Diakses tanggal November 5, 2013. 
  2. ^ "Table 6: Share of Top 3 distributors (Excel)". UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-24. Diakses tanggal November 5, 2013. 
  3. ^ "Table 1: Feature Film Production - Genre/Method of Shooting". UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-24. Diakses tanggal November 5, 2013. 
  4. ^ "Cinema - Admissions per capita". Screen Australia. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-11-09. Diakses tanggal November 9, 2013. 
  5. ^ a b "Table 11: Exhibition - Admissions & Gross Box Office (GBO)". UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-25. Diakses tanggal November 5, 2013. 
  6. ^ Village Voice: 100 Best Films of the 20th century (2001). Filmsite.org; "Sight and Sound Top Ten Poll 2002". . BFI. Diakses pada 19 Juni 2007.

Referensi

Bacaan tambahan

  • Hallett, Hilary A. Go West, Young Women! The Rise of Early Hollywood. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2013.
  • Ragan, David. Who's Who in Hollywood, 1900-1976. New Rochelle, NY: Arlington House, 1976.

Pranala luar

  • Rottentomatoes.com – A large collection of movie reviews and previews from hundreds of critics

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