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Provinsi (Jepang)

Provinsi di Jepang dari periode Kamakura hingga tahun 1868

Sebelum sistem modern prefektur digunakan, Jepang dibagi menjadi sepuluh kuni (国, negeri, negara bagian, atau dikenal pula dengan provinsi).[1] Setiap provinsi selanjutnya dibagi lagi menjadi gun (郡, kabupaten; sebelumnya disebut kōri).

Provinsi di Jepang awalnya didirikan berdasarkan Ritsuryō sebagai sebagai pembagian unit administrasi dan wilayah geografi. Pada akhir periode Muromachi, fungsi efektif provinsi secara perlahan-lahan digantikan oleh domain milik sengoku-daimyo. Di bawah kekuasaan Toyotomi Hideyoshi, provinsi secara total diganti menjadi unit administrasi tanah feodal. Pada periode Edo, tanah feodal disebut han. Setelah Jepang menggunakan sistem prefektur, nama provinsi masih dipakai sebagai entitas geografi, dan orang Jepang sering masih menyebut tempat tertentu dengan memakai nama provinsi ditambahkan dengan nama han.

Setelah Restorasi Meiji, han dilegitimasi sebagai unit administrasi, tetapi kemudian dihapus dan diganti menjadi sistem prefektur (ken), dan prefektur perkotaan disebut fu. Nama provinsi tidak dihapus, melainkan ditambah. Pada tahun 1871, Jepang memiliki 304 prefektur dan 68 provinsi, tidak termasuk Hokkaido dan Provinsi Ryukyu. Batas-batas wilayah antarprefektur sebagian besar tidak hanya sangat rumit, tetapi juga tidak sesuai dengan pembagian provinsi. Prefektur-prefektur yang ada kemudian digabung, dan jumlahnya dikurangi menjadi 37 prefektur pada tahun 1881. Beberapa di antara prefektur dipecah kembali sehingga Jepang memiliki 45 prefektur pada tahun 1885. Ditambah dengan Hokkaido dan Prefektur Okinawa, Jepang sekarang memiliki 47 prefektur.

Referensi

  1. ^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Provinces and prefectures" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 780, hlm. 780, di Google Books .

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