Koka

Artikel ini bukan mengenai Cocoa.
Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Koka (disambiguasi).

Coca
Klasifikasi ilmiah Sunting klasifikasi ini
Kerajaan: Plantae
Klad: Tracheophyta
Klad: Angiospermae
Klad: Eudikotil
Klad: Rosid
Ordo: Malpighiales
Famili: Erythroxylaceae
Genus: Erythroxylum
Spesies:
E. coca
Nama binomial
Erythroxylum coca
Erythroxylum novogranatense, yang daunnya mengandung sekitar 0.7% kokain

Koka adalah sebuah tanaman dalam famili Erythroxylaceae, tumbuhan asli di barat laut Amerika Selatan. Tanaman ini memainkan peran penting dalam budaya Andes tradisional. Daun coca berisi alkaloid kokain[1], dasar bagi obat kokain, yang merupakan stimulan kuat.

Koka tidak sama dengan cocoa yang juga di Amerika Selatan di mana dari itu cokelat dibuat.

Tanaman ini berbentuk semak duri hitam, dan tumbuh hingga mencapai tinggi 2–3 m (7–10 kaki). Cabangnya lurus, dan daunnya, berwarna hijau, tipis, gelap, oval, dan runcing di ujungnya. Daunnya juga memiliki karakteristik khusus yaitu dikelilingi dua garis melengkung membujur, satu garis di sisi lain daun, dan yang paling jelas di bawah daun.

Bunganya kecil, dan tersusun dalam kumpulan kecil di tangkai yang pendek; mahkotanya terdiri dari lima daun bunga kuning putih, kepala putik berbentuk hati, dan putiknya terdiri dari tiga karpel yang bersatu membentuk tiga ovarium. Bunganya berubah menjadi beri merah.

Daunnya kadang-kadang dimakan oleh larva ulat bulu Eloria noyesi. Bila dikunyah seperti mengunyah sirih, lama kelamaan menimbulkan sensasi segar.

Lihat pula

Catatan

Brasileira de Psiquiatria 28(4): 277 -->

  1. ^ Parker, Sybil, P (1984). McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Biology. McGraw-Hill Company. 

Public Domain Artikel ini menyertakan teks dari suatu terbitan yang sekarang berada pada ranah publik: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "perlu nama artikel ". Encyclopædia Britannica (edisi ke-11). Cambridge University Press. 

  • Turner C. E., Elsohly M. A., Hanuš L., Elsohly H. N. Isolation of dihydrocuscohygrine from Peruvian coca leaves. Phytochemistry 20 (6), 1403-1405 (1981)
  • "History of Coca. The Divine Plant of the Incas" by W. Golden Mortimer, M.D. 576 pp. And/Or Press San Francisco, 1974. This title has no ISBN.

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