James Weldon Johnson

James Weldon Johnson
Photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1932
Lahir	(1871-06-17)17 Juni 1871 Jacksonville, Florida, United States
Meninggal	26 Juni 1938(1938-06-26) (umur 67) Wiscasset, Maine, United States
Pekerjaan	Author, activist, educator, lawyer, diplomat
Kebangsaan	American
Aliran sastra	Harlem Renaissance
Karya terkenal	"Lift Ev'ry Voice and Sing," The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man, God's Trombones, Along This Way

James Weldon Johnson (17 Juni 1871 – 26 Juni 1938) adalah penulis, guru, pengacara, diplomat, pencipta lagu, dan aktivis hak asasi manusia berkebangsaan Amerika Serikat. Johnson di kenal melalui kepemimpinannya di National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), yang dimulai tahun 1917. Pada tahun 1920 menjadi orang Amerika Serikat pertama yang terpilih sebagai sekretaris eksekutif organisasi itu, efektif sebagai pejabat^[1] dari 1920 sampai 1930. Johnson memantapkan diri dalam reputasinya sebagai penulis, dan dikenal kiprahnya di Harlem Renaissance melalui puisi-puisi, novel, dan antologi puisi dan spiritual kebudayaan kulit hitam.

Dia dipilih oleh Presiden Theodore Roosevelt sebagai US konsul di Venezuela dan Nikaragua pada periode 1906 sampai dengan 1913. Tahun 1934 menjadi orang keturunan Afrika-America Serikat pertama yang menjadi profesor yang bertugas di Universitas New York.^[2] Di akhir hidupnya, dia menjadi profesor bidang penulisan kratif dan sastra di Universitas Fisk.^{[1][3][4][5][6]}

Warisan dan penghargaan

• 1904, Honorary master's degree from Atlanta University.^[7]
• 1925, Spingarn Medal from the NAACP for outstanding achievement by an American Negro.^[8]
• 1928, Harmon Gold Award for God's Trombones: Seven Negro Sermons in Verse (1927).^[8]
• 1929, Julius Rosenwald Fund Grant.^[8]
• 1933, W. E. B. Du Bois Prize for Negro Literature.^[8]
• Honorary doctorates from Talladega College (1917) and Howard University (1923).^[8]
• 2007, Emory University in Atlanta established the James Weldon Johnson Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies in his honor.^[9]
• The James Weldon Johnson building at Coppin State University is named in his honor.
• The James Weldon Johnson Middle School is named in his honor.
• Johnson is honored with a feast day on the liturgical calendar of the Episcopal Church (USA) on June 25.
• On February 2, 1988, the United States Postal Service issued a 22-cent postage stamp in his honor.^[10]

Bibliografi

Puisi

• Fifty Years and Other Poems (1917)
• God's Trombones: Seven Negro Sermons in Verse (1927)
• Saint Peter Relates an Incident: Selected Poems (1935)

Antologi

• The Book of Negro Spirituals (1925, editor), anthology
• The Second Book of Negro Spirituals (1926, editor)
• The Book of American Negro Poetry (1931, editor), anthology

Karya lain

• The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man (1912/1927, novel)
• Black Manhattan (1930, study)
• Negro Americans, What Now? (1934, essay)
• Along This Way: The Autobiography of James Weldon Johnson (1933/37, autobiography)

Lihat pula

• African American musical theater
• Harlem Renaissance
• Red Summer of 1919

Catatan

1. The Norton Anthology of African American Literature. Ed. Henry Louis Gates Jr. and Nellie Y. McKay. 2nd ed. New York: Norton, 2004. 791–792.
2. "James Weldon Johnson", New York University .
3. "James Weldon Johnson", Harmon Collection, Smithsonian Institution .
4. James Weldon Johnson, 1871-1938, University of South Carolina .
5. The Oxford Companion to African American Literature, edited by William L. Andrews, Frances Smith Foster, Trudier Harris, New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997, p. 404 ff.
6. /_To_Start_Something_to_Help_These_People_African_American_Women_and_the_Occupation_of_Haiti_1915-1934?auto=download&campaign=weekly_digest Brandon Byrd, ""To Start Something to Help These People:" African American Women and the Occupation of Haiti, 1915-1934", The Journal of Haitian Studies, Volume 21 No. 2 © 2015, accessed 2 February 2016
7. James Weldon Johnson, The Literary Encyclopedia.
8. "Chapter 9: James Weldon Johnson (1871-1938)", PAL: Perspectives in American Literature: A Research and Reference Guide, California State University Stanislaus, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-03-02, diakses tanggal 2017-04-08 .
9. James Weldon Johnson Institute Diarsipkan 2014-02-25 di Wayback Machine., Emory University
10. Scott catalog # 2371.

Sumber

• Fleming, Robert E. James Weldon Johnson. Twayne United States Authors Series. Boston: Twayne, 1987.
• Hester, Elizabeth J. "James Weldon Johnson: A Bibliography of * Johnson, James Weldon. Writings. Ed. William L. Andrews. The Library of America, 2004. ISBN 978-1-931082-52-5.
• (Inggris) Kishimoto, Hisao. "The Eve of the Harlem Renaissance James Weldon Johnson (II)", ( Diarsipkan 2013-10-20 di Wayback Machine.) Souka University English Language Academic Journal (創価大学英文学会). Souka University. March 1988. Volume No. 12, Issue No. 2 (第12巻第2号). p. 1-16.
• Levy, Eugene. James Weldon Johnson: Black Leader, Black Voice. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973.
• Morrissette, Noelle. James Weldon Johnson's Modern Soundscapes. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2013.
• Price, Kenneth M., and Lawrence J. Oliver. Critical Essays on James Weldon Johnson. New York: G. K. Hall, 1997.

Dissertations and Theses 1939–2009." ISBN 978-1-935779-00-1.

• Manning, Patrick. The African Diaspora: A History Through Culture. New York: Columbia University Press, 2010.

Pranala luar

• Images and archive Diarsipkan 2011-08-07 di Wayback Machine. at the Smithsonian Institution.
• James Weldon Johnson Memorial Collection (Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library)
• Profile and Images Diarsipkan 2011-04-25 di Wayback Machine. at the James Weldon Johnson Institute, Emory. Archives^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]} at Emory
• Profile, images, texts At University of South Carolina. University Libraries rare books and special collections.
• Grace and James Weldon Johnson Website Diarsipkan 2017-04-09 di Wayback Machine.
• Profile at Modern American Poets Diarsipkan 2009-01-24 di Wayback Machine.
• Karya James Weldon Johnson di Project Gutenberg
• Karya oleh/tentang James Weldon Johnson di Internet Archive (pencarian dioptimalkan untuk situs non-Beta)
• Karya James Weldon Johnson di LibriVox (buku suara domain umum)
• Profile and texts at Poets.org
• Profile at Poetry Foundation