Gas mulia

Gas mulia (golongan 18) dalam tabel periodik
Hidrogen Helium
Lithium Berilium Boron Karbon Nitrogen Oksigen Fluor Neon
Natrium Magnesium Aluminium Silikon Fosfor Sulfur Clor Argon
Potasium Kalsium Skandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Mangan Besi Cobalt Nikel Tembaga Seng Gallium Germanium Arsen Selen Bromin Kripton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
halogen  logam alkali
Nomor golongan IUPAC 18
Nama berdasarkan unsur golongan helium atau
golongan neon
Nama trivial Gas mulia, aerogen
Nomor golongan CAS
(AS, pola A-B-A)
VIIIA
Nomor IUPAC lama
(Eropa, pola A-B)
Golongan 0

↓ Periode
1
Image: Helium discharge tube
Helium (He)
2
2
Image: Neon discharge tube
Neon (Ne)
10
3
Image: Argon discharge tube
Argon (Ar)
18
4
Image: Krypton discharge tube
Kripton (Kr)
36
5
Image: Xenon discharge tube
Xenon (Xe)
54
6 Radon (Rn)
86
7 Oganeson (Og)
118 Sifat kimia tidak diketahui

Legenda

unsur primordial
unsur dari peluruhan radioaktif
unsur sintetis
Warna nomor atom:
merah=gas
Lima tabung bercahaya, dari kiri ke kanan: kuning, merah, ungu, biru kehijauan, biru.
Tabung berisi gas mulia yang berpendar. Dari kiri ke kanan: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe

Gas mulia adalah unsur kimia golongan 18 atau VIIIA di tabel periodik. Golongan ini disebut juga sebagai golongan helium atau neon dan golongan aerogen. Golongan ini terdiri dari unsur helium (He), Neon (Ne), argon (Ar), kripton (Kr), xenon (Xe), unsur radioaktif radon (Rn), dan unsur sintetis yang radioaktif oganeson (Og). Semua anggota unsur golongan 18 (VIIIA) merupakan gas mulia, bersifat nonlogam, dan berwujud gas pada suhu dan tekanan standar, kecuali oganeson (yang diprediksi akan berwujud padat dan bersifat seperti logam).

Disebut mulia karena unsur-unsur ini sangat stabil (sangat sukar bereaksi). Unsur pertama gas mulia yang ditemukan adalah argon, yang ditemukan oleh seorang kimiawan inggris bernama Sir William Ramsey[1]. Tidak ditemukan satupun senyawa alami dari gas mulia. Menurut Lewis, kestabilan gas mulia tersebut disebabkan konfigurasi elektronnya yang terisi penuh, yaitu konfigurasi oktet (duplet untuk helium). Kestabilan gas mulia dicerminkan oleh energi ionisasinya yang sangat besar, dan afinitas elektronnya yang sangat rendah (bertanda positif). Para ahli zaman dahulu yakin bahwa unsur-unsur gas mulia benar-benar inert. Pendapat ini dipatahkan, setelah pada tahun 1962, Neil Bartlett, seorang ahli kimia dari Kanada berhasil membuat senyawa xenon, yaitu XePtF6 (xenon heksafluoroplatinat). Sejak itu, berbagai senyawa gas mulia berhasil dibuat.

Gas mulia adalah gas yang mempunyai sifat lengai, tidak reaktif, dan susah bereaksi dengan bahan kimia lain. Gas mulia banyak digunakan dalam sektor perindustrian. Berikut adalah gas-gas mulia:

Oganeson, walaupun merupakan anggota golongan 18 (VIIIA), diperkirakan akan menjadi logam berwujud padat yang reaktif, tidak seperti gas mulia lainnya. Hal ini dikarenakan adanya efek relativitas.

Karakteristik

Z Unsur Jumlah elektron/kelopak Konfigurasi elektron
2 helium 2 1s2
10 neon 2, 8 [He] 2s2 2p6
18 argon 2, 8, 8 [Ne] 3s2 3p6
36 kripton 2, 8, 18, 8 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6
54 xenon 2, 8, 18, 18, 8 [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p6
86 radon 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8 [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6
118 oganeson 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 8 * [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p6 *

* = prediksi

Lihat Juga

Referensi

  1. ^ Chang, Raymond. 2005. Kimia Dasar: Konsep-konsep Inti Jilid I. Jakarta: Erlangga.


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