Daftar gempa bumi di Amerika Serikat

Berikut ini adalah Daftar gempa bumi di Amerika Serikat berkekuatan sama dengan atau lebih dari 7,0 maupun yang menyebabkan kerusakan atau korban jiwa signifikan. Sebagaimana tercantum dalam daftar, kekuatan gempa diukur berdasarkan skala Richter (ML) atau skala kekuatan momen (Mw) serta skala kekuatan gelombang permukaan (Ms) untuk gempa bumi yang terjadi pada masa lampau. Daftar ini belumlah lengkap karena kelangkaan data kekuatan gempa yang tepat dan dapat diandalkan untuk gempa bumi yang terjadi sebelum adanya alat ukur modern.

Gempa bumi di Amerika Serikat
Peta bahaya seismik di Amerika Serikat, perkiraan dalam 50 tahun peta percepatan tanah puncak dari Survei Geologi Amerika Serikat, dirilis 17 Juli 2014
TerbesarMw  9.2 Gempa bumi Alaska 1964
Paling MematikanMw  7.9 Gempa bumi San Francisco 1906 3,000 tewas

Amerika Serikat memiliki sejarah panjang Gempa bumi salah satunya yang sangat terkenal adalah Gempa bumi San Francisco 1906 yang merenggut hingga 3,000 korban jiwa dan meluluh lantahkan kota San Francisco. Wilayah seperti California, Alaska, Hawaii, Oregon, Washington, Illinois, dan Nevada adalah wilayah resiko gempa bumi tertinggi di negara tersebut.[1][2]

Daftar gempa bumi

Tanggal Nama Negara bagian Kekuatan MMI Korban jiwa Keterangan
02024-12-055 Desember 2024 Gempa bumi Cape Mendocino 2024 California 7.0 Mw VIII Banyak bangunan rusak di Ferndale, Rio Dell, dan Eureka.[3][4]
02022-12-2020 Desember 2022 Gempa bumi Ferndale 2022 California 6.4 Mw VII 2 Dua orang tewas akibat serangan jantung. 150 rumah rusak di Eureka[5]
02019-07-044 Juli 2019 Gempa bumi Ridgecrest 2019 California 7.1 Mw IX 1
02018-01-2323 Januari 2018 Gempa bumi Teluk Alaska 2018 Alaska 7.9 Mw VI
02014-08-2424 Agustus 2014 Gempa bumi Napa Selatan 2014 California 6.0 Mw VIII 1 200 luka-luka, 600 bangunan rusak[6]
02011-08-2323 Agustus 2011 Gempa bumi Virginia 2011 Virginia 5.8 Mw V Beberapa orang luka-luka
02010-04-044 April 2010 Gempa bumi Baja California 2010 California 7.2 Mw IX 2
02010-01-099 Januari 2010 Gempa bumi Eureka 2010 California 6.5 Mw VII
02003-12-2222 Desember 2003 Gempa bumi San Simeon 2003 California 6.6 Mw VII 2
02001-02-2828 Februari 2001 Gempa bumi Nisqually 2001 Washington 6.8 Mw VIII 1
01994-01-1717 Januari 1994 Gempa bumi Northridge 1994 California 6.7 Mw IX 57 Lebih dari 30.000 bangunan rusak atau hancur di Greater Los Angeles, banyak jembatan runtuh di Santa Monica.[7] Jumlah kerugian mencapai $40 miliar.[8]
01993-09-2020 September 1993 Gempa bumi Klamath Falls 1993 Oregon 6.0 Mw VII 2
01992-06-2828 Juni 1992 Gempa bumi Landers 1992 California 7.3 Mw IX 3
01989-10-1717 Oktober 1989 Gempa bumi Loma Prieta 1989 California 6.9 Mw IX 63 Kerusakan berat di Santa Cruz, dan Teluk San Francisco.[9]
01971-02-099 Februari 1971 Gempa bumi San Fernando 1971 California 6.6 Mw XI 65 Kerusakan parah di Lembah San Fernando dan Greater Los Angeles.[10]
01968-11-099 November 1968 Gempa bumi Illinois 1968 Illinois 5.2 Mw V Kerusakan beberapa
01964-03-2727 Maret 1964 Gempa bumi Alaska 1964 Alaska 9.2 Mw XI 131 Tsunami 67 m (220 ft)
01960-05-2222 Mei 1960 Gempa bumi Valdivia 1960 Hawaii 9.5 Mw XII 63 61 orang tewas di Hilo, Hawaii, dan 2 tewas di California akibat tsunami
01959-08-1717 Agustus 1959 Gempa bumi Danau Hebgen 1959 Montana, Wyoming 7.3 Mw VIII 28+ [11]
01946-04-011 April 1946 Gempa bumi Kepulauan Aleut 1946 Alaska, Hawaii 8.6 Mw VI 173 Juga dikenal April Mop tsunami
01933-03-1010 Maret 1933 Gempa bumi Long Beach 1933 California 6.4 Mw VIII 115–120 Kerusakan parah di Area Los Angeles
01906-04-1818 April 1906 Gempa bumi San Francisco 1906 California 7.9 Mw XI 3,000 Kerusakan Ekstrem
01886-08-3131 Agustus 1886 Gempa bumi Charleston 1886 Carolina Selatan 7.1 Mw X 60 Dirasakan sejauh New York dan Montreal, Kanada[12]
01868-10-2121 Oktober 1868 Gempa bumi Hayward 1868 California 6.7 Mw X 30
01868-04-022 April 1868 Gempa bumi dan tsunami Hawaii 1868 Hawaii 7.9 Mw X 77 Tsunami
01811-12-1616 Desember 1811 Gempa bumi New Madrid 1811–1812 Missouri, Arkansas, Tennessee 7.6–8.0 Mw XII 100 Gempa bumi terkuat di wilayah Timur Amerika Serikat[13]
01585-06-1111 Juni 1585 Gempa bumi Kepulauan Aleut 1585 Alaska, Kepulauan Aleut 9.25 Mw X Banyak Banyak pribumi Hawaii tewas oleh tsunami

Lihat juga

Referensi

  1. ^ Toppozada, T. R.; Branum, D. (2004), "California earthquake history", Annals of Geophysics, 47 (2–3): 509–512 
  2. ^ Ellsworth, W. L. (1990), "Earthquake history, 1769–1989", The San Andreas Fault System, California – USGS Professional Paper 1515, United States Geological Survey, hlm. 156, 157, ISBN 978-0607716269 
  3. ^ Padilla, Cecilio (5 December 2024). "7.0 magnitude earthquake hits off Northern California coast, tsunami warning issued". CBS News. Diakses tanggal 5 December 2024. 
  4. ^ "7.0 magnitude earthquake reported off Northern California coast, tsunami warning canceled". ABC7 News. 5 December 2024. Diakses tanggal 5 December 2024. Rio Dell Mayor Debra Garnes tells ABC News that there are no injuries reported, but there are cracks in the road and one middle school had a gas leak as a result of the earthquake. The Ferndale city manager reported minor damage related to roofs. 
  5. ^ "M 6.4 – 15km WSW of Ferndale, California". Earthquake Hazards Program. United States Geological Survey. 
  6. ^ "M 6.0 - South Napa". USGS. 
  7. ^ "1994 Quake Still Fresh in Los Angeles Minds". Los Angeles Daily News. 2014-01-11. Diakses tanggal November 11, 2021. 
  8. ^ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K. 
  9. ^ "San Francisco Earthquake History 1915-1989". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-03-04. Diakses tanggal 2008-11-01. 
  10. ^ Bolt, B. (2005), Earthquakes: 2006 Centennial Update – The 1906 Big One (edisi ke-Fifth), W. H. Freeman and Company, hlm. 106–107, ISBN 978-0716775485 
  11. ^ "Hebgen Lake Quake Billings Gazette, 1959". Billings Gazette. August 18, 1959. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal November 14, 2016. Diakses tanggal August 24, 2017. 
  12. ^ "M 7.0 - The 1886 Charleston Earthquake, South Carolina". USGS. Diakses tanggal 10 Maret 2023. 
  13. ^ Historic Earthquakes New Madrid Earthquakes 1811–1812 USGS Diarsipkan June 8, 2011, di Wayback Machine.

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