馬尼拉大都會

馬尼拉大都會
Kamaynilaan
"Metro Manila"
菲律賓國家首都區
綽號:"Kalakhang Maynila"
馬尼拉大都會位置圖
馬尼拉大都會位置圖
坐标:14°35′N 121°00′E / 14.583°N 121.000°E / 14.583; 121.000
國家菲律賓
區域首都區
呂宋
政府
 • 馬尼拉大都會發展委員會委員長Oscar Inocentes英语Oscar Inocentes
面积[1]
 • 总计638.55 平方公里(246.55 平方英里)
人口(2020年) [2]
 • 總計13,930,000人
 • 密度21,833人/平方公里(56,550人/平方英里)
时区PHTUTC+8
網站www.mmda.gov.ph

馬尼拉大都會(英語:Metro Manila),又称大岷區,是以馬尼拉市為核心,涵蓋週邊15個城市及1個自治市的大型都會區;在行政上,劃歸為國家首都區(National Capital Region,縮寫 NCR),簡稱首都區

被納入首都區的週邊城市為加洛坎拉斯皮納斯马卡迪馬拉邦曼达路永馬利金納文珍俞巴納沃達斯帕谢市帕西帕拉納克奎松仙範達義瓦倫瑞拉等,唯一的自治市則為巴提洛斯

此區域為菲律賓的政治、經濟、社會、文化和教育中心。根據菲律賓《總統令》,馬尼拉大都會(Metro Manila)為中央政府所在地,馬尼拉是首都。[3] 馬尼拉大都會區域人口約1,393萬,佔全國比例的12.7%。[4] 若包括鄰近的內湖省甲米地省黎萨省比立勤省,稱之為「大馬尼拉地區」,總人口將近2,580萬。[5]

根據2009年7月所統計,馬尼拉大都會的地區生產總值披索4684億(美元1490億),佔全國生產力1/3的比例。[6]2008年,根據普华永道会计师事务所所統計,此區域為排名全球第40富裕的都會區。[7]:20 若按照每年增长4.7%计划,2025年可望达到3250亿美元,进入第35名。[7]:5

歷史

1571年6月24日,西班牙殖民者首先於今日的王城區建立了马尼拉城;1867年设立马尼拉省;1901年美国统治者将此省分裂,由菲律宾议会决定设立马尼拉市;1941年,時任总统曼努埃爾·奎松下令设立大马尼拉市;1975年,成立馬尼拉大都會發展委員會統轄。

地理

国家首都区坐落在马尼拉湾灣內湖所组成的地峡中,地基为菲律宾最大的冲积平原,属于热带干湿季气候热带季风气候

氣候

馬尼拉大都會
月份 1月 2月 3月 4月 5月 6月 7月 8月 9月 10月 11月 12月 全年
历史最高温 °C(°F) 35
(95)
35
(95)
36
(97)
37
(99)
38
(100)
38
(100)
38
(100)
36
(97)
35
(95)
35
(95)
35
(95)
34
(93)
38
(100)
平均高温 °C(°F) 30
(86)
30
(86)
31
(88)
33
(91)
34
(93)
34
(93)
33
(91)
31
(88)
31
(88)
31
(88)
31
(88)
31
(88)
31
(88)
平均低温 °C(°F) 21
(70)
21
(70)
21
(70)
22
(72)
23
(73)
24
(75)
24
(75)
24
(75)
24
(75)
24
(75)
23
(73)
22
(72)
23
(73)
历史最低温 °C(°F) 14
(57)
14
(57)
16
(61)
16
(61)
17
(63)
20
(68)
22
(72)
21
(70)
21
(70)
21
(70)
19
(66)
17
(63)
14
(57)
平均降水量 mm(英寸) 23
(0.9)
23
(0.9)
13
(0.5)
18
(0.7)
33
(1.3)
130
(5.1)
254
(10.0)
432
(17.0)
422
(16.6)
356
(14.0)
193
(7.6)
145
(5.7)
2,042
(80.4)
数据来源:http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT002730

政府

国家首都区本身不具行政权,行政权属于各个市政府。治理上,MMDA直屬由總統所領導的內閣,委員長是內閣成員;16市的市长皆為此“发展委员会”成員。

馬尼拉大都會行政區域圖
地方政府 人口
(2007年統計)[4]
面積
km²[1]
人口密度
km²[1]
每年人口
成長率[4]
國內生產總值
每人平均
升格年份[1]
加洛坎市
Caloocan
1,378,856 53.33 25,855 2.20 $9,426 1962
拉斯皮納斯市
Las Piñas
532,330 41.54 12,815 1.65 $8,678 1997
馬卡迪市
Makati
510,383 27.36 18,654 1.91 $29,259 1995
馬拉邦市
Malabon
363,681 15.76 23,076 0.98 $4,334 2001
曼达路永市
Mandaluyong
305,576 11.26 27,138 1.29 $20,258 1994
馬尼拉市
Manila
1,660,714 38.55 43,079 0.68 $13,731 1574
馬利金納市
Marikina
424,610 33.97 12,500 1.14 $10,346 1996
文珍俞巴市
Muntinlupa
452,943 46.70 9,699 2.48 $13,789 1995
納沃達斯市
Navotas
245,344 10.77 22,780 0.87 $5,296 2007
帕拉納克市
Parañaque
552,660 47.69 11,589 2.88 $10,146 1998
帕谢市
Pasay
403,064 19.00 21,214 1.77 $6,876 1947
帕西市
Pasig
617,301 31.00 19,913 2.80 $12,032 1995
巴提洛斯自治市
Pateros
61,940 2.10 29,495 1.05 $3,324 非城市地位
奎松市
Quezon City
2,679,450 161.12 16,630 2.92 $11,213 1939
仙範市San Juan 124,187 5.94 20,907 0.87 $16,893 2007
塔吉格市
Taguig
613,343 47.88 12,810 3.82 $12,342 2004
瓦倫瑞拉市
Valenzuela
568,928 44.58 12,762 2.21 $7,531 1998
總計 11,553,4271 638.55 18,093 2.11 $10,223

 1 Includes barangays disputed between Makati and Taguig cities.

经济

马尼拉中心商业区

国家首都区是菲律宾的工商业中心;2013年国内生产总值全国的37.2%[8],全国1/3的银行总部设于此,存款占全国的2/3。此外也有全國最高的各國人均國內生產總值列表 (國際匯率)[9]截至2012年 (2012-Missing required parameter 1=month!)就業率達到89.6%。[10]根據布魯金斯學會,馬尼拉大都會2014年的工業產出如下:貿易與觀光:31.4%,商業/財經:28.6%,本地/非市場:15.6%,製造業:12.5%,交通:4.9%,建築:4%,設施:2.8%,商品:0.3%。[11]

中心商業區

馬卡蒂菲律賓人口第17大城市英语List of Philippine cities and municipalities by population,是菲律賓的頂級商業貿易中心。馬卡蒂中心商業區是菲律賓大多數國際公司與國內大型商業、商業流程委外公司總部所在。[12]中心商業區有一百一十萬平方呎的A級、頂級辦公室空間。[13],馬卡蒂也有國內馬尼拉大都會摩天高樓群英语List of tallest buildings in Metro Manila以及菲律賓最高摩天樓英语List of tallest buildings in the Philippines

主要中心商業區
中心商業區 照片 城市/市區 面積
馬卡蒂中心商業區 馬卡蒂 大約100公頃(250英畝)
歐迪卡斯中心英语Ortigas Center
包括帕西格曼達盧永奎松市 100公頃(250英畝)
博尼法西奧環球城英语Bonifacio Global City 達義市 240公頃(590英畝)
岷倫洛區
馬尼拉 66公頃(160英畝)
阿拉邦英语Alabang 文珍俞巴市 806公頃(1,990英畝)

交通

參見

參考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Table 1.0: Metropolitan Manila Land Area and Year of Cityhood By Local Government Units. Metro Manila Developent Authority. [2009-10-17]. (原始内容存档于2010-04-04). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  2. ^ Census of Population (2015). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. PSA英语Philippine Statistics Authority.  |chapter=被忽略 (帮助);
  3. ^ Republic of the Philippines. (May 29, 1976). Presidential Decree No. 940 - Establishing Manila as the Capital of the Philippines and as the Permanent Seat of the National Government页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Retrieved 2010-04-04 from the Chan Robles Virtual Law Library.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Republic of the Philippines. National Statistics Office. Total Population and Annual Population Growth Rates by Region: Population Censuses 1995, 2000, and 2007. April 2008 [2010-04-04]. (原始内容存档于2008-11-20). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  5. ^ Republic of the Philippines. National Statistics Office. Official population count reveals.... Author. 2008 [2010-04-04]. (原始内容存档于2012-09-10). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  6. ^ Republic of the Philippines. National Statistical Coordination Board. (July 2009). 2008 Gross Regional Domestic Product - Levels of GRDP 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2011-11-14.. Retrieved 2010-04-04.
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Hawksworth, John, Thomas Hoehn and Anmol Tiwari. Global City GDP Rankings 2008-2025. UK Economic Outlook November 2009. PricewaterhouseCoopers. [2009-11-20]. (原始内容存档于2011-05-13). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  8. ^ No, Mareng Winnie, Metro Manila is not the 'paborito'; it is the 'tagasalo'. Interaksyon. January 19, 2015 [March 5, 2015]. (原始内容存档于2015年3月8日). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  9. ^ Per Capita GRDP. National Statistical Coordination Board. July 25, 2013 [March 5, 2015]. (原始内容存档于2015年4月2日). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  10. ^ Statwatch – National Capital Region. National Statistical Coordination Board. December 10, 2012 [March 5, 2015]. (原始内容存档于2015年3月17日). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  11. ^ 2014 Global Metro Monitor Map. Brookings Institution. [March 6, 2015]. (原始内容存档于2015-03-21). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  12. ^ Working in the Philippines. Make it Makati. [March 5, 2015]. (原始内容存档于2013-04-27). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  13. ^ Roderick T. dela Cruz. Fort Bonifacio eclipsing Makati CBD. Manila Standard Today. January 3, 2015 [March 20, 2015]. (原始内容存档于2015-07-11). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆

外部連結

维基共享资源上的相關多媒體資源:馬尼拉大都會

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