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尚结赞

那囊·尚·杰擦拉囊藏語སྣ་ནམ་ཞང་རྒྱལ་ཚན་ལྷ་སྣང威利转写sna nam zhang rgyal tshan lha snangTHLNanam Shang Gyaltsen Lhanang,?—796年),又译那囊尚结赞拉囊[1],一作尚·杰擦拉囊藏語ཞང་རྒྱལ་ཆ་ལྷ་སྣང),是吐蕃帝国的一位政治、军事人物,曾担任大贡论之职。《唐书》称他为尚结赞,音译自藏语“ཞང་རྒྱལ་ཚན”(Shang Gyaltsen)。

杰擦拉囊出身那囊氏家族,那囊氏是赤松德赞母亲的亲族,在赤松德赞在位期间担任九政务大臣之一。最初,琛·尚·杰斯秀亭(尚结息)、恩兰·达扎路恭(马重英)主张对唐朝开战,唯有杰擦拉囊主张对唐讲和,受到赤松德赞的赞赏,成为大贡论。782年,杰擦拉囊率吐蕃官员,与唐朝陇右节度使张镒等人会盟与清水县,双方约定了各自势力的大致范围,史称“清水之盟”。次年,朱泚发动叛乱,占据长安。杰擦拉囊提出要帮助唐朝收复长安,得到唐德宗的允许。崔汉衡答应乱平之后将伊西北庭等地割让给吐蕃,杰擦拉囊便派论莽罗依率兵二万,帮助浑瑊,在武亭川击败叛军。取胜了的吐蕃军却大肆劫掠,朱泚派田希鉴前去行贿,吐蕃便引兵而退。

不久朱泚被杀,朱泚之乱平定。吐蕃派人求取伊西、北庭二镇。唐德宗最初打算把它们割让给吐蕃,但群臣认为这些都是战略要地,最终没有割让。杰擦拉囊认为唐朝背信弃义,自785年起,再次大举入侵唐朝,攻打泾州陇州邠州宁州等地,攻破盐州夏州银州麟州等地,四处劫掠,甚至威胁到长安。杰擦拉囊派使者,要求与唐朝再次会盟以明确疆界。他表示希望归还盐、夏等州之地,要求唐朝派遣浑瑊前来会盟。787年,唐朝遣正使浑瑊、副使崔汉衡前来会盟。杰擦拉囊伏兵一万在盟坛西部,待唐朝官员到达,一齐杀出,将他们俘获。浑瑊夺马逃回,史称“平凉劫盟”。杰擦拉囊释放了被俘的官员,使用诡计让浑瑊等名将被罢免了兵权。

那囊氏一族与王妃亲族蔡邦氏争权,引起激烈冲突。杰擦拉囊把持了吐蕃的大权,清除异己。一次,在朝政议事的时候,派儿子伍仁(藏語དབུ་རིང)把守宫门,禁止蔡邦氏一族入内。牟如是蔡邦氏所生的王子,闻讯大怒,提刀杀死伍仁,闯入殿内。赤松德赞大怒,将牟如流放到了北方的羌塘

在杰擦拉囊担任大贡论的时期,蔡邦氏一族一直受到压制,直到796年杰擦拉囊逝世以后才开始抬头,不久赤松德赞亦死。杰擦拉囊死后,没庐·墀松热霞继任大贡论。

参考资料

  1. ^ 陈观胜 安才旦. 《常见藏语人名地名词典》 (M) 1. 北京: 外文出版社. 2004年4月: 215页. ISBN 7-119-03497-9. 
  • 《新唐书·吐蕃传》
  • 《吐蕃史稿》,才论著
  • 賢者喜宴》,巴卧·祖拉陈哇著,黃顥譯。中國社會科學院民族研究所,1989年3月出版(原載於《西藏民族學院學報》)
  • 西藏王统记》,索南坚赞著,刘立千译注。民族出版社,2000年2月出版。
那囊·尚·杰岭拉囊
(尚结赞)
前任:
恩兰·达扎路恭
(马重英)
吐蕃大贡论
783年—796年
繼任:
没庐·墀松热霞

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