关天培

關天培
關天培官服像
關天培官服像
大清廣東水師提督
籍貫江蘇山陽(今淮安市淮安區
族裔漢族
字號字仲因,號滋圃
諡號忠節
出生1781年1月8日
大清江苏省山陽县
逝世1841年2月26日(1841歲—02—26)(60歲) 
大清廣東省東莞縣虎门
墓葬江蘇山陽
經歷
  • 江蘇太湖營內河水師副將
  • 江南蘇松鎮總兵
著作
  • 筹海初集

关天培(1781年1月8日—1841年2月26日),仲因滋圃江苏山阳县(今淮安市淮安区)人。鸦片战争中的清軍将領。

生平

關天培於1781年(乾隆四十六年)出生在江蘇山陽(今淮安)一個軍人家庭裏,自小耳濡目染,習兵練武,駕船航海。

1803年(嘉庆八年)考取武庠生,拔淮安城守營額外右營外委,後升左營把總、中營千總。後又歷任江南揚州營中軍守備、兩江督標中軍守備、外海水師奇營守備、江南蘇松鎮標左營遊擊、吳淞營參將、江南川沙營外海水師參將。1826年(道光六年),關天培押送漕米船1254艘自吳淞天津,一路上排除萬難,逾百萬漕糧完整運達。道光帝聞訊大喜,升其為江蘇太湖營內河水師副將;次年特旨補授江南蘇松鎮總兵

1833年(道光十三年),署江南提督。1834年(道光十四年),發生律勞卑事件廣東水師提督李增階因疏於防務、辦事不力而被革職,由關天培頂替。關到職後,致力完善廣州門戶虎門的防衛體系——加固炮台、增設火炮、構築障礙、添補兵勇、擬訂戰術。

1839年(道光十九年),林則徐钦差大臣,奉旨到广东禁烟,并節制廣東水師。關天培全力支持,协助林禁烟、销烟。而損失慘重的英國開始採取武力報復,自此發動了數次進攻,都被關天培率水師擊敗,因而得到了道光帝的嘉許,賜號法福靈阿巴圖魯

1841年(道光二十一年)1月7日,英軍攻陷虎門的第一重門戶大角、沙角兩炮台,參將陳連升父子壯烈犧牲,形勢變得危急。道光皇帝以督率無方為名,革去關天培的頂戴,令其帶罪立功。於是關天培與總兵李廷鈺分守靖遠、威遠兩砲臺,並典當衣物,每兵給銀兩元以安撫士兵、提升士氣。2月26日清晨,英艦向虎門各炮臺大舉炮擊,基本摧毀各炮臺作戰能力;之後英軍登陸圍攻炮臺,雙方展開肉搏戰;關天培同游擊麥廷章力守炮臺,最後兩人均傷重殉職,虎門因而淪陷。

第二天,關的隨從孫長慶返回戰場領回他已經被炮火燒焦的屍體,英艦伯蘭漢號鳴炮以示敬意。[1]孫將其葬於淮安城東門外(今淮安區城東鄉南窯社區)。道光皇帝聞此噩耗,痛失將才,因而親作祭文,並對關天培優恤騎都尉兼一雲騎尉世職,諡忠節,入祀昭忠祠。另命地方官關照其年逾八十老母親的生活,「給銀米以養餘年」。其子從龍襲世職,官拜安徽候補同知。後又在虎門建立祀關天培專祠。1846年(道光二十六年)其子依關母遺囑,用朝廷所發的撫恤金和籌措的資金在縣東街建造了「關忠節公祠」。

参見

註釋

  1. ^ Bernard, William Dallas; Hall, Sir William Hutcheon. Narrative of the Voyages and Services of the Nemesis, from 1840 to 1843. Volumn I. Longdon: Henry Colburn. 1844: 342 [2012-05-20]. 

延伸阅读

[在维基数据]

维基文库中的相关文本:清史稿·卷372》,出自趙爾巽清史稿
维基共享资源阅览影像

參考書目

  • 清史稿卷三百七十二列传一百五十九. 北京: 中華書局. 1976. 
  • 清國史館傳包702001194號. 台北: 國立故宮博物院圖書文獻處. 1976. 
  • 清國史館傳包701000654號. 台北: 國立故宮博物院圖書文獻處. 1976. 
  • 籌辦夷務始末. 北京: 中華書局. 1964: 842-843, 854, 1101. 

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