何塞·帕西亞諾·勞雷爾

何塞·帕西亞諾·勞雷爾

何塞·帕西亞諾·勞雷爾José Paciano Laurel,1891年3月9日—1959年11月9日),菲律賓政治家,菲律賓的第三任總統,是日本扶植的菲律賓第二共和國總統。

勞雷爾出生於富有的政治家家庭,1915年畢業於菲律賓大學法律系;1923年擔任美屬菲律賓的內政部長。之後擔任過參議院議員、制憲會議代表、最高法院法官與司法部長等職。

1943年11月5日参加大東亚会議的各国首脑。左起:巴莫張景惠汪兆銘東條英機旺·威泰耶康、何塞·帕西亞諾·勞威爾、苏巴斯·钱德拉·鲍斯

第二次世界大戰爆發後日本攻佔菲律賓,勞雷爾與日本合作並出任行政委員會委員;後出任獨立準備委員會的委員長負責起草憲法,在1943年的選舉中當選菲律賓第二共和總統。戰爭期間,勞雷爾曾兩度被游擊隊襲擊。日本戰敗前,勞雷爾在山下奉文的命令下於1945年3月離開菲律賓,逃往台灣。在台灣,勞雷爾只能吃福神漬配飯這樣的窮酸食物。之後流亡日本奈良奈良飯店[1]。1945年8月15日日本投降後,勞雷爾宣佈解散菲律賓共和國政府,不久被麥克阿瑟的佔領當局逮捕,收監於巢鴨監獄

1946年7月勞雷爾回到菲律賓,當時的總統曼努埃爾·羅哈斯於1948年赦免其叛亂罪。

1949年再度代表菲律賓國民黨競選總統,敗於埃爾皮迪奧·基里諾。1951年勞雷爾以全國第一高票當選參議院議員。1953年他支持拉蒙·麥格塞塞當選總統。1954年勞雷爾以經濟使節團名義訪美。1957年退出政壇,1959年逝世。

其子薩爾瓦多·勞雷爾曾任菲律賓副總統(1986-1992)。

參考來源

  1. ^ 山口由美,《消えた宿泊名簿》新潮社,2009年,126頁~131頁

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