万有引力之虹

萬有引力之虹
Gravity's Rainbow
第一版封面
原名Gravity's Rainbow
中文名万有引力之虹
作者托马斯·品钦
译者张文宇
类型历史小说后现代文学歇斯底里现实主义科幻小说
语言英语
故事时代背景第二次世界大战 编辑维基数据
故事背景地點欧洲 编辑维基数据
發行信息
出版机构Viking Press(初版)、企鹅书屋、Bantam Books
中文:译林出版社
出版時間1973年2月28日
出版地點美国
中譯本出版日期2008年8月25日
媒介Print (精装本, 平装本)
页数760 (Penguin版)
所获奖项National Book Award for Fiction[*]20th Century's Greatest Hits: 100 English-Language Books of Fiction[*]
系列作品
前作拍卖第48号
續作笨鸟集
规范控制
ISBNISBN 0-14-018859-2 (Penguin)
OCLC32513609
杜威分类法813/.54 20
LC分类法PS3566.Y55 G7 1995

万有引力之虹》(英語:Gravity's Rainbow)是美國作家托马斯·品钦所著的后现代主义史诗小说,初版于1973年2月28日。

《万有引力之虹》属于越界小说的范畴——这不仅是因为它质疑并颠倒社会对于异常丑恶的标准[1],还是因为它打破了,或者说越过了西方文化和理性之间、密不透风的封闭界限。[2][3] 小说经常颠覆剧情角色发展等传统要素,而且穿插了许多学科中详尽而专业的知识。

此书是品钦献给他大学同学理查德·法里纳(1966年在一场车祸中丧生)的作品。

故事

故事情节主要设定在二战后的欧洲,故事以德国军队设计、生产和调度V2火箭的过程,以及几个角色揭开装在火箭上那神秘的“黑色装置”(德語:Schwarzgerät)背后隐藏的秘密为主线。

作品结构

全书分为4部分:

第一部分:在零的那一边

第二部分:在赫尔曼·戈林的旅馆中休假

第三部分:在环中

第四部分:反击力

情节概述

一支V-2火箭正在点火

《万有引力之虹》剧情复杂,包含了超过400位角色,涉及许多条错综复杂、相互交织在一起的叙事线。[4] 其中不断重复的主题有:V2火箭、自由意志加尔文派预定论的相互影响、自然循环的破坏、行为心理学、偏执狂阴谋论。同时,由于品钦在为波音公司任职,为波马克导弹计划的辅助单位编辑新闻通信,他很可能从波音的档案馆中馆存中借用了大量关于V2火箭的历史文档,用于创作之中。小说通过许多不同人物来叙述,这一技巧在品钦许久之后的小说《抵抗白昼》中得到进一步的发展。不同叙事者的风格和语气区别很大:有的使用非常通俗的语气,有的自我指涉的意味比较浓,有的甚至打破了第四道墙,更有甚者甚至以意识流风格来叙事。

評價

Quotation
[...] a million bureaucrats are diligently plotting death and some of them even know it [...]
Thomas Pynchon


小说的创新精神和复杂性备受称赞,但也引来一些批评。1974年,3名普利策小说奖评审团评委支持《万有引力之虹》获奖,但另外由11人组成的委员会推翻这个决定。小说曾被提名1973年星云奖,并于1974赢得美国国家图书奖。自出版之日起,《万有引力之虹》引来巨量的文艺评论,当中包括2名读者的阅读指南以及数个网上索引。此书经常被引为品钦的代表作[5]

时代杂志》选出1923至2005年间最优秀的100本英语小说,《万有引力之虹》名列其中。[6]许多评论家认为它是有史以来最伟大的美国小说之一。[7]

写作风格

文化影响

音乐

电视

电影

艺术

大众文化

参考

  1. ^ Booker, M. Keith. Techniques of Subversion in Modern Literature: Transgression, Abjection, and the Carnivalesque. University of Florida Press. 1991. ISBN 9780813010656 (英语). 
  2. ^ Schwab, Gabriele; Schwab, Chancellor's Professor of English and Comparative Literature and Faculty Associate in Anthropology Gabriele. Subjects Without Selves: Transitional Texts in Modern Fiction. Harvard University Press. 1994 [2019-10-14]. ISBN 9780674853812. (原始内容存档于2019-09-01) (英语). 
  3. ^ Moore, Thomas. The Style of Connectedness: Gravity's Rainbow and Thomas Pynchon. University of Missouri Press. 1987 [2019-10-14]. ISBN 9780826206251. (原始内容存档于2019-08-22) (英语). 
  4. ^ Tanner, T. Gravity's Rainbow. Thomas Pynchon. London and New York: Methuen. 1982: 74. ISBN 0-416-31670-0. There are over 400 characters ... there are many discernible ... plots ... these plots touch and intersect, or diverge and separate. 
  5. ^ Pynchon, Thomas | Authors | guardian.co.uk Books页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) at books.guardian.co.uk
  6. ^ ALL-TIME 100 Novels. TIME. [2009-10-15]. (原始内容存档于2009-05-15). 
  7. ^ Guido Almansi (1994) L'estetica dell'osceno p.226 "piu' importante romanzo americano del secondo dopoguerra, Gravity's Rainbow di Thomas Pynchon (romanzo mai pubblicato in Italia, con grande vergogna dell'editoria nazionale)." English translation "most important american novel of the second post-war, Gravity's Rainbow by Thomas Pynchon (a novel never published in Italy, why great shame of the national publishing industry)". Almansi's comment is from 1994. Gravity's Rainbow will eventually be translated and published in Italy in 1999.

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