VL15型电力机车

VL15
ВЛ15
VL15型005号机车
概览
类型电力机车
原产国 苏联
生产商第比利斯电力机车制造厂俄语Тбилисский электровозостроительный завод
诺沃切尔卡斯克电力机车厂
生产年份1984年—1991年
产量50台
主要用户 苏联
 俄羅斯
技术数据
UIC軸式Bo'Bo'Bo'+Bo'Bo'Bo'
轨距1,524 mm
轴重25 t
机车长度45,000 mm
机车宽度3,180 mm
整备重量2 × 150 t
受流电压DC 3000V
最高速度100 km/h
持续速度49.9 km/h(持续)
牵引功率9000 kw(小时)
8400 kw(持续)
牵引力650 kN(小时)
590 kN(持续)

VL15型电力机车(俄语:ВЛ15)是苏联的干线货运电力机车车型之一,适用于供电制式为3千伏直流电电气化铁路,也是目前世界上功率最大的直流电力机车车型之一,由诺沃切尔卡斯克电力机车厂第比利斯电力机车制造厂俄语Тбилисский электровозостроительный завод合作设计生产,1984年至1991年间生产了50台。

历史

VL15型和VL15S型(ВЛ15 и ВЛ15С)

坎达拉克沙机务段内的VL15-035号机车,2001年8月23日

1984年12月到1991年3月间,第厂为苏联铁道部制造44组VL15型机车,编号为VL15-001到VL15-044。VL15-024号、VL15-026号、VL15-028号以及VL15-032号机车因为配备了机车重联装置,而被定型为VL15S型。

44组VL15型机车最初配属于东西伯利亚铁路局伊尔库茨克调车机务段,苏联解体后这些机车由新组建的俄罗斯铁路继承。1995年,斯柳江卡济马区间由直流3千伏供电改为交流25千伏50赫兹供电后,这些机车转配至十月铁路局坎达拉克沙机务段。

2001年,楼希到摩尔曼斯克区间由直流3千伏供电改为交流25千伏50赫兹供电后,这些机车再次转配至十月铁路局沃尔霍夫机务段至今。截至2019年4月,沃尔霍夫机务段尚有23组VL15型机车仍在运用状态,2组VL15型机车停用封存。[1]

VL15A型(ВЛ15А)

沃尔霍夫机务段内的VL15A-004号机车,2011年9月

1988年到1990年间,第厂为摩尔曼斯克州Apatit矿业公司制造6组VL15A型机车⑸,编号为VL15A-001到VL15A-006。和第厂先前为诺里尔斯克铁路制造的VL10N型机车一样,VL15A型机车不设置再生制动,并且由于缺少与该模式相关的设备而与VL15型机车不同。

6组VL15A型机车当中,除VL15A-001号机车已报废除籍外,其余5组VL15A型机车仍在运用状态。而Apatit矿业公司在2016年到2018年间,从十月铁路局沃尔霍夫机务段租借VL15-001号、VL15-005号、VL15-010号以及VL15-040号机车至公司内运用。[2]

设计

VL15型电力机车是在VL11型电力机车基础上,借鉴VL85型电力机车Bo-Bo-Bo轴式改进而成,为双机重联十二轴电力机车,由两节结构相同的Bo-Bo-Bo轴式机车连接而成。

受电弓

在每节机车的顶部有两个T-5M1型受电弓。在VL15型机车的操作过程中,规定停放和刚起动时升三个受电弓(行进方向的第一个、第二个和第四个)。当加速到5-10公里/小时的速度时,行进方向的第一个受电弓降下。

牵引电动机

每组VL15型机车有12台TL-3型牵引电动机,其尺寸可与VL10型电力机车安装的TL-2K型电动机互换。电机有六个主电源、六个附加电极和一个补偿绕组。所有绕组的绝缘为F级,额定电压为3000伏。当电压为1.5千伏且冷却空气流量为110立方米/分钟时,TL-3型牵引电动机最大功率为750千瓦,持续功率为700千瓦,最大电流为535安,持续电流为500安,持续旋转为810转/分钟。[3]

每节机车的牵引电动机可以做到串联(六个牵引电动机)、串并联(两个并联的三个牵引电动机串联组)和并联(三个并联的两个牵引电动机串联组)三种连接。通过KG-020型三位组开关切换这些连接,和从电路中切除启动电阻,可以获得四级磁削。

牵引电动机由KME-001型司机控制器手柄控制。使用单独的电动气动接触器(PC-358、PC-359和PC-360)切换到再生制动模式;再生制动期间的自动控制由SAURT设备执行。当将牵引电动机从一个连接切换到另一个连接时,将分离二极管引入电路,限制推力的冲击。

在再生制动期间,3000伏、22安的直流电经过转换器转换,提供365伏、600安的直流电至牵引电动机的励磁绕组。该转换器的工作频率为300-320赫兹,质量为2500千克。每个部分还有一个40K-125型可充电电池。[3]

辅助设备

每节机车具有两个TL-110M型离心式电机风扇,由TL-122型电动机驱动,转速为515转/分钟。电机风扇支持串联和并联两种连接方式。

参看

参考

文献

  • (俄文)М. Ф. Кужим, Н. В. Савичев. Электровоз ВЛ15. Справочник для локомотивных бригад. 

链接

  1. ^ Список подвижного состава — ВЛ15. (原始内容存档于2021-08-14). 
  2. ^ Список подвижного состава — ВЛ15А. (原始内容存档于2021-08-16). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Грузовой электровоз ВЛ15. (原始内容存档于2013-06-14) (俄语). 

外部链接


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