馬腹一

马腹一
马腹一于天球中的位置(红圈所示)
觀測資料
曆元 J2000
星座 半人马座
星官 馬腹
赤經 14h 03m 49.40535s[1]
赤緯 –60° 22′ 22.9266″[1]
視星等(V) 0.61[2]
特性
U−B 色指数–0.98[2]
B−V 色指数–0.23[2]
特性
光谱分类B1 III[3]
变星类型仙王座β型變星[4]
特性
光谱分类B1 Ⅴ?[3]
天体测定
徑向速度 (Rv)+5.9[5] km/s
自行 (μ) 赤经:–33.27[1] mas/yr
赤纬:–23.16[1] mas/yr
视差 (π)8.32 ± 0.50[1] mas
距离390 ± 20 ly
(120 ± 7 pc)
绝对星等 (MV)−4.53[6]
軌道[3]
主星β Cen Aa
伴星β Cen Ab
繞行週期 (P)356.94 days
半長軸 (a)0.0253"
偏心率 (e)0.825
倾斜角 (i)67.4°
近心点 曆元 (T)2451600.08
近心點幅角 (ω)
(secondary)
62.2°
半振幅 (K1)
(primary)
57.4 km/s
半振幅 (K2)
(secondary)
72.3 km/s
軌道[7]
主星β Cen A
伴星β Cen B
繞行週期 (P)288.267 yr
半長軸 (a)0.870"
詳細資料
亮度41,700[8] L
年齡14.1 ± 0.6[3] Myr
β Cen Aa
質量10.7 ± 0.1[3] M
表面重力 (log g)3.5 ± 0.4[3]
溫度25,000 ± 2,000[3] K
β Cen Ab
質量10.3 ± 0.1[3] M
表面重力 (log g)3.5 ± 0.4[3]
溫度25,000 ± 2,000[3] K
β Cen B
質量4.61[7] M
其他命名
Hadar[9]亮星星表 5267、HD星表 122451、波恩星表−59°5365、星表 51、SAO星表 252582、基本星表 518 、依巴谷卫星 68702、博斯星表 18971、双星和聚星星表 J14038-6022[10]
參考資料庫
SIMBAD资料

马腹一半人马座β,简称Beta Cenβ Cen[11]是一颗视星等为0.61的恒星,位于半人马座。其为恆星亮度列表中第12亮的恒星,亦是该星座第二亮的恒星(第一为南门二)。不过据现代观测手段,马腹一实为由多颗恒星组成的恆星系統。据依巴谷卫星所测量的视差计算[12][13],该系统距太阳系约为390光年(120秒差距[1]

人们常用马腹一来寻找南十字座,进而确定方位。其与南门二所组成的连线指向南十字座的顶端——十字架一,而十字架一与十字架的底端——十字架二所组成的连线则指向南天极[14]

该天体于北纬30°以北均不可见。在中国只有部分南方省市能够观测到,其最佳观测时间为4月至5月[15]

名称

在古代中国,因该星为星官“马腹”的第一颗星,由此而得名马腹一[16]

在近代西方,依据拜耳命名法命名规则,其名为半人马座β(英語:Beta Centauri)。

在阿拉伯世界,人们冠以其“哈达尔”之名(阿拉伯语:حضار‎),“哈达尔”之词根意指“存在”、“大地上”或“安定、文明的地区”[17],亦有天文学家指出该名字可能由来于“哈达尔”升起至地平线以上的高度过低[9]。2016年,由國際天文聯會组建的IAU恆星名稱工作組[18]将“哈达尔”列为马腹一的标准名称之一[11]

特征

南門二(左)与马腹一(右)

马腹一由三颗恒星组成,分别为半人马座β Aa、Ab和B。

1935年,荷兰天文学家约昂·福特英语Joan Voûte首先确认了伴星半人马座β B,并为其编号为VOU 31。该伴星的视星等为4,可能是一颗B1 Ⅴ型矮星[3],其与主星的距离为1.3",绕行周期约为288.267年[7]

1967年,天文学家观测到马腹一主星的徑向速度呈周期性变化,因而推测其为双谱分光双星。这一推测后于1999年得到证实,马腹一主星分别由半人马座β Aa和Ab组成,其公转周期约为357天,軌道離心率为0.8254[19]。而后在2005年的计算中得出该联星之间的距离约为4个天文單位[20]

半人马座β Aa和Ab皆为B1 Ⅲ型巨星,由主序星恒星演化而来[20],并且均属于仙王座β型變星,脉动周期约为3.768小时[21]

参考来源

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 van Leeuwen. Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction. Astronomy and Astrophysics. November 2007, 474 (2): 653–664. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. arXiv:0708.1752可免费查阅. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Hoffleit, Dorrit; Jaschek, Carlos. The Bright star catalogue. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Observatory, 5th rev.ed. 1991. Bibcode:1991bsc..book.....H. 
  3. ^ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 Ausseloos, M.; Aerts, C.; Lefever, K.; Davis, J.; Harmanec, P. High-precision elements of double-lined spectroscopic binaries from combined interferometry and spectroscopy. Application to the β Cephei star β Centauri. Astronomy and Astrophysics. August 2006, 455 (1): 259–269. Bibcode:2006A&A...455..259A. arXiv:astro-ph/0605220可免费查阅. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20064829. 
  4. ^ Ausseloos, M.; Aerts, C.; Uytterhoeven, K.; Schrijvers, C.; Waelkens, C.; Cuypers, J. Beta Centauri: An eccentric binary with two beta Cep-type components. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2002, 384: 209. Bibcode:2002A&A...384..209A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020004. 
  5. ^ Evans, D. S. Batten, Alan Henry; Heard, John Frederick , 编. The Revision of the General Catalogue of Radial Velocities. Determination of Radial Velocities and their Applications (University of Toronto: International Astronomical Union). June 20–24, 1966, 30: 57. Bibcode:1967IAUS...30...57E.  |booktitle=被忽略 (帮助)
  6. ^ Davis, J.; Mendez, A.; Seneta, E. B.; Tango, W. J.; Booth, A. J.; O'Byrne, J. W.; Thorvaldson, E. D.; Ausseloos, M.; Aerts, C.; Uytterhoeven, K. Orbital parameters, masses and distance to β Centauri determined with the Sydney University Stellar Interferometer and high-resolution spectroscopy. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2005, 356 (4): 1362. Bibcode:2005MNRAS.356.1362D. arXiv:astro-ph/0411054可免费查阅. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08571.x. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Tokovinin, A. A. VizieR Online Data Catalog: Multiple star catalogue (MSC) (Tokovinin 1997-1999). VizieR On-line Data Catalog: J/A+AS/124/75. Originally published in: 1997A&AS..124...75T. 1999, 412: 40075. Bibcode:1999yCat..41240075T. 
  8. ^ Prinja, Raman K. Ultraviolet observations of stellar winds in Be and 'normal' B non-supergiant stars. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (ISSN 0035-8711). 1989, 241 (4): 721. Bibcode:1989MNRAS.241..721P. doi:10.1093/mnras/241.4.721. 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 Allen, R. H., Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning Reprint, New York: Dover Publications Inc: 154, 1963 [2010-12-12], ISBN 0-486-21079-0, (原始内容存档于2020-07-21) 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  10. ^ V* bet Cen -- Variable Star of beta Cep type. SIMBAD. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. [2011-12-19]. (原始内容存档于2017-09-04). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 IAU Catalog of Star Names. [2016-07-28]. (原始内容存档于2018-07-07). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  12. ^ Perryman, M. A. C.; Lindegren, L.; Kovalevsky, J. The Hipparcos Catalogue. Astronomy and Astrophysics. July 1997, 323: L49–L52. Bibcode:1997A&A...323L..49P. 
  13. ^ Perryman, Michael, The Making of History's Greatest Star Map, The Making of History's Greatest Star Map:, Astronomers’ Universe (Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag), 2010, Bibcode:2010mhgs.book.....P, ISBN 978-3-642-11601-8, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-11602-5 
  14. ^ Kyselka, Will; Lanterman, Ray E. North Star to Southern Cross. University of Hawaii Press. 1976: 59 [2018-07-01]. Bibcode:1976nsts.book.....K. ISBN 0-8248-0419-8. (原始内容存档于2020-06-29).  |journal=被忽略 (帮助)
  15. ^ Sinnott, Tirion. Sky Atlas 2000.0 - Second Edition. Cambridge University Press. 2008-01-10. ISBN 0-933346-90-5. 
  16. ^ (中文) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 7 月 29 日页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  17. ^ Hans Wehr, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 1961
  18. ^ IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN). [2016-05-22]. (原始内容存档于2020-04-23). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  19. ^ Pigulski, A.; Cugier, H.; Popowicz, A.; Kuschnig, R.; Moffat, A. F. J.; Rucinski, S. M.; Schwarzenberg-Czerny, A.; Weiss, W. W.; Handler, G.; Wade, G. A.; Koudelka, O.; Matthews, J. M.; Mochnacki, St.; Orleański, P.; Pablo, H.; Ramiaramanantsoa, T.; Whittaker, G.; Zocłońska, E.; Zwintz, K. Massive pulsating stars observed by BRITE-Constellation. I. The triple system β Centauri (Agena). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2016, 588: 17. Bibcode:2016A&A...588A..55P. arXiv:1602.02806可免费查阅. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527872. A55. 
  20. ^ 20.0 20.1 Raassen, A. J. J.; Cassinelli, J. P.; Miller, N. A.; Mewe, R.; Tepedelenlioǧlu, E., XMM-Newton observations of β Centauri (B1 III): The temperature structure in the hot plasma and the photosphere-wind connection, Astronomy and Astrophysics, July 2006, 437 (2): 599–609, Bibcode:2005A&A...437..599R, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20052650 
  21. ^ Sterken, Christiaan; Jerzykiewicz, Mikolaj. Beta Cephei stars from a photometric point of view. Space Science Reviews. 1993, 62 (1–2): 95–171. Bibcode:1993SSRv...62...95S. ISSN 0038-6308. doi:10.1007/bf00208707. 

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