太陽光度

太陽光度,是天文學家習慣用於計量恆星光度(輻射光子的能力)的單位。

它相當於太陽的光度,其值為3.827 × 1026 瓦特,或是, 3.827 × 1033爾格/秒。如果把太阳辐射的中微子也当做电磁辐射的话,该值稍大一点,为3.939×1026 瓦特 (等于4.382×109 kg/s 或 2.107×10−15 M/d)

計算太陽光度

計算太陽的光度只需要知道二個數值,從天文年曆上可以查到這兩個數值(均換算成cgs單位制)。

  • 太陽常數:地球在距離太陽一天文單位上,於單位時間在單位面積上得到的能量。在習用的cgs制下是1.366×106爾格/秒/平方公分,國際單位(IS,MKS制)下是1366瓦特/平方公尺。
  • 地日距離,也就是天文單位:1.49598E+13公分(1.49598E+11公尺)。

我們若假設太陽向外傳送的能量在每個方向上都是相等的,那就只要知道以太陽為中心,地日距離為半徑的球殼面積有多大,將太陽常數乘以這個數值就能得到太陽的光度了。

  • 球殼的面積是4×π×r2,所以這個球殼的面積是2.81229E+27平方公分(2.81229E+23平方公尺),
  • 再乘上太陽常數就可以得到太陽光度是3.84159E+33爾格/秒(3.84159E+26瓦特)。
    • 此為實際運算結果,在實務上使用的數值請見主文前之摘要。

同樣的也可以計算地球截面積的大小,得知太陽供應給地球的能量有多少。

  • 地球半徑:6,378,140公尺(6,378.14公里)
  • 地球的截面積 = π×地球半徑2 = 1.27802E+14平方公尺(127,802,000平方公里)
  • 抵達地球的能量 = 太陽常數×地球截面積 = 1.74578×1024爾格/秒 = 1.74578×1017瓦特

相關條目

參考資料

  • 2006年天文年鑑 P.190 常用天文常數(台北市立天文科學教育館出版)

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