纪尧姆·杜布瓦

纪尧姆·杜布瓦

纪尧姆·杜布瓦(法語:Guillaume Dubois,1656年9月6日—1723年8月10日),法国枢机,政治家。奥尔良公爵菲利普二世摄政时代的首席大臣,英法同盟的缔造者。

杜布瓦生于利穆赞布里夫拉盖亚尔德,曾任夏特爾公爵菲力(後來的奧爾良公爵兼法國攝政王)的家庭教師,他慫恿學生做一些喪德敗行之事,以便能更輕易地操縱他,還教他對一切都不要相信,也不要信任任何人,這些說教敗壞了奧爾良公爵的品德。

雖然杜布瓦本人頗有(靈活的)頭腦,兼具才智與毅力,但其奸詐和腐化在法國無與倫比,奧爾良公爵的母親曾說他是「一個騙子、從未有過的超級無賴」。

1715年菲力攝政一骰,杜布瓦就當上了國務顧問。他與英國進行秘密談判,建構了一個反對西班牙的四國同盟,在四國同盟戰爭中挫敗了西班牙大使賽拉馬爾的陰謀。外交上取得成功的同時,他又成為康布雷大主教(1720年)、樞機主教(1721年)和首相(1722年)。當他被提名為法國教士大會主席時,他的醜行也終於達到了登峰造極的地步。

杜布瓦死於1723年8月,他曾從英王喬治一世那裡秘密領取10萬金埃居的津貼,愛國者批評說:「與其說他是法國攝政王的大臣,不如說他是英王的大臣。」

参考書目

  • (法)巴亞爾 等著、黃豔紅 等譯,《法國史圖說》,上海:上海人民出版社,2005年
  • G. de Bertier de Sauvigny等著、蔡百銓譯,《法國史》,台北:五南圖書出版公司,1989
  • 陳文海,《法國史》,北京:人民出版社,2004

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