漢特語

漢特語
хӑнты ясӑӈ
母语国家和地区 俄羅斯
区域漢特-曼西自治區
族群汉特人(30,900人,2010年普查)
母语使用人数
9,600人 (2010)[1]
語系
方言
北汉特方言
南汉特方言
远东方言
語言代碼
ISO 639-3kca
Glottologkhan1279[2]
瀕危程度
联合国教科文组织认定的瀕危語言[3]
危险UNESCO
漢特語的使用地區主要是西伯利亞西部的漢特-曼西自治區

漢特語хӑнты ясӑӈ)是漢特人的語言,使用地區有俄羅斯漢特-曼西自治區亞馬爾-涅涅茨自治區托木斯克州。1994年調查顯示俄羅斯有12,000人使用漢特語。

漢特語和曼西語同屬烏拉爾語系芬蘭-烏戈爾語族烏戈爾語支,與匈牙利語最相似。漢特語下分多種方言,它們的語音構詞詞彙的特色各不相同,以至在三个主要“方言”之间并不互通。因此,基于这些多方面的差异,东汉特语、北汉特语和南汉特语可以认为是独立但亲属关系紧密的语言。

字母

漢特語在1930年首次出現以拉丁字母為藍本的文字,在1937年後改用西里爾字母

西里爾字母(2000年版本)[4]

А а Ӓ ӓ Ӑ ӑ Б б В в Г г Д д Е е
Ё ё Ә ә Ӛ ӛ Ж ж З з И и Й й К к
Қ қ Л л Ӆ ӆ Ԓ ԓ М м Н н Ң ң Ӈ ӈ
О о Ӧ ӧ Ө ө Ӫ ӫ П п Р р С с Т т
У у Ӱ ӱ Ў ў Ф ф Х х Ҳ ҳ Ц ц Ч ч
Ҷ ҷ Ш ш Щ щ Ъ ъ Ы ы Ь ь Э э Є є
Є̈ є̈ Ю ю Ю̆英语Yu with breve ю̆ Я я Я̆英语Ya with breve я̆

西里爾字母(1958年版本)

А а Ӓ ӓ Б б В в Г г Д д Е е Ё ё
Ә ә Ӛ ӛ Ж ж З з И и Й й К к Ӄ ӄ
Л л Л' л' М м Н н Ӈ ӈ О о Ӧ ӧ Ө ө
Ӫ ӫ П п Р р С с Т т У у Ӱ ӱ Ф ф
Х х Ц ц Ч ч Ч' ч' Ш ш Щ щ Ъ ъ Ы ы
Ь ь Э э Ю ю Я я

拉丁字母(1931年-1937年)

A a B в D d E e Ә ә F f H h Һ һ
I i J j K k L l Ļ ļ Ł ł M m N n
Ņ ņ Ŋ ŋ O o P p R r S s Ş ş S̷ s̷
T t U u V v Z z Ƶ ƶ Ƅ ƅ

书面语

汉特语的书面语在1930年首次用拉丁字母产生,后来自1937年起改用西里尔字母(添加了一个额外字母 ң 来标识辅音 /ŋ/)。

汉特语的文学作品通常用三种北汉特方言来书写。新闻报纸及广播通常采用卡济姆方言。

语言变体

汉特语(及曼西语)各方言的分布:
  鄂毕多尔斯克(萨列哈尔德)方言
  鄂毕方言群
  南汉特语
  苏尔古特方言群
  远东方言群

汉特语划分为在很大程度上不能互通的三个主要方言群,因此也可以说它们是三种不同的语言:北汉特语、南汉特语和东汉特语。各种不同的方言由它们通行或曾通行的河域来命名。南汉特语现在可能已经绝迹了。[5][6]

萨雷姆方言可以划分为东汉特语河南汉特语的过渡方言。Atlym方言和Nizyam方言也带有一点南汉特语的特征。

南汉特语和北汉特语有一些共同的语言演变特征,因此可以把它们组成为西汉特语。这些特征包括前圆元音的消失:*üü, *öö, *ɔ̈ɔ̈ > *ii, *ee, *ää (但是靠近 *k, *ŋ 时则为 *ɔ̈ɔ̈ > *oo)[8]、元音和谐的消失、靠近后元音时 *k 变 /x/ 的擦音[9],以及音素 *ɣ 的消失[10]

參考文獻

  1. ^ Khanty. Ethnologue. [2018-07-17]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-26). 
  2. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Khantyic. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016. 
  3. ^ UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger, UNESCO
  4. ^ Pismennyje jazyki mira: Jazyki Rossijskoi Federatsii. Sotsiolingvistitšeskaja entsiklopedija. Kniga 2. Moskva: Academia. 2003: p. 533–534. ISBN 5-87444-191-3. 
  5. ^ Abondolo 1998,第358-359頁.
  6. ^ Honti 1998,第328-329頁.
  7. ^ Honti, László, Ostjakin kielen itämurteiden luokittelu, Congressus Quintus Internationalis Fenno-Ugristarum, Turku 20.-27. VIII. 1980 (Turku: Suomen kielen seura), 1981: 95–100 (芬兰语) 
  8. ^ Honti 1998,第336頁.
  9. ^ Abondolo 1998,第358–359頁.
  10. ^ Honti 1998,第338頁.

延展阅读

  • Abondolo, Daniel. Khanty. Abondolo, Daniel (编). The Uralic Languages. 1998. 
  • Honti, László. Die Ob-Ugrischen Sprachen. Sinor, Denis (编). The Uralic Languages. 1988. 
  • Honti, László. ObUgrian. Abondolo, Daniel (编). The Uralic Languages. 1998. 
  • Wolfgang, Steinitz (编). Dialektologisches und etymologisches Wörterbuch der ostjakischen Sprache. Berlin. 1966–1988. 

外部連結

Read other articles:

Musée de l'évolutionLa section Zoologie du Musée de l'évolution à Uppsala.Informations généralesType Ensemble architectural (en), musée d'histoire naturelleSite web (sv + en) www.evolutionsmuseet.uu.seBâtimentProtection Monument historique de Suède (d) (1993)LocalisationLocalisation Uppsala SuèdeCoordonnées 59° 50′ 59″ N, 17° 37′ 33″ Emodifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata Le Musée de l'évolution de l'Univ...

 

SjenicaСјеница Mosquée à SjenicaMosquée à Sjenica Símbolos Brasão de armas Localização País  Sérvia Província Sérvia central Distrito Zlatibor Município Sjenica Administração Prefeito Hazbo Mujović (SDA) Características geográficas Área total 1 059 km² População total (2011) 13 056 hab. Densidade 12,3 hab./km² Altitude 1 026 m Código postal 36 310 Código postal Sítio sjenica.com Sjenica (em cirílico: Сјеница) é ...

 

この項目では、新交通システムについて説明しています。その他の用法については「エアロトレイン (曖昧さ回避)」をご覧ください。 エアロトレイン エアロトレインで使用されているクリスタルムーバー車両概要種別 People mover所在地 アメリカ合衆国ワシントンD.C.ワシントン・ダレス国際空港起終点 コンコースBコンコースC駅数 4運営開業 2010年1月20日(従業員向け)2010

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Nowa TV – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Television channel Nowa TVCountryPolandBroadcast areaPolandHeadquartersWarsaw, PolandProgrammingLanguage(s)PolishPicture format16:9 576i (...

 

Tevfik Pascha mit seinen Töchtern. Ahmed Tevfik Pascha (seit 1934: Okday; * 11. Februar 1845 in Istanbul; † 8. Oktober 1936 ebenda) war der letzte Großwesir des Osmanischen Reiches. Sein Vater war der General der Kavallerie İsmail Hakkı Pascha und seine Mutter Gülşinas Banu. Angeblich stammt seine Familie von der krimtatarischen Herrscherdynastie. Tevfik verließ als Oberleutnant das Militär 1865, um im Übersetzungsbüro der Hohen Pforte zu arbeiten. Während der Jahre 1868 bis 1875...

 

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Desember 2022. Paraleprodera carolina Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Arthropoda Kelas: Insecta Ordo: Coleoptera Famili: Cerambycidae Genus: Paraleprodera Spesies: Paraleprodera carolina Paraleprodera carolina adalah spesies kumbang tanduk panjang yang ...

This article contains wording that promotes the subject in a subjective manner without imparting real information. Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance. (November 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Amir Shayesteh TabarBorn (1967-04-07) 7 April 1967 (age 56)Tehran, IranNotable workBlue Symphony, Violin, War and Peace, Silence of the UniverseMo...

 

Jukebox musical Motown: The MusicalMusicVarious ArtistsLyricsVarious ArtistsBookBerry GordyBasisTo Be Loved: The Music, the Magic, the Memories of Motown by Berry GordyProductions2013 Broadway 2014 US Tour 2016 West End 2016 Broadway Revival 2018 UK Tour Motown: The Musical is a jukebox musical that premiered on Broadway in April 2013. The musical is based on Berry Gordy's autobiography To Be Loved: The Music, the Magic, the Memories of Motown (1994),[1] and on the history of his foun...

 

British biochemist Nicholas LydonBorn (1957-02-27) 27 February 1957 (age 66)[citation needed]Alma mater University of Leeds (BSc) University of Dundee (PhD) Known for Gleevec AnaptysBio BluePrint Medicines Awards Lasker Clinical Award (2009) Japan Prize (2012) FRS (2013) Scientific careerInstitutions Amgen Schering-Plough Ciba-Geigy ThesisStudies on the hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase from bovine corpus luteum (1982) Websiteroyalsociety.org/people/nicholas-lydo...

Presiden theRepublik TogoPrésident de laRépublique togolaisePetahanaFaure Gnassingbésejak 4 Mei 2005KediamanIstana Gubernur, LoméMasa jabatan5 tahunPejabat perdanaSylvanus OlympioDibentuk27 April 1960 Berikut adalah daftar Presiden Togo sejak pembentukan jabatan Presiden pada 27 April 1960 hingga saat ini. Daftar Presiden Partai politik   Komite Persatuan Togo (CUT)   Gerakan Rakyat Togo (MPT)   Rapat Umum Rakyat Togo (RPT)   Persatuan Republik...

 

Chinese opera style Peking operaPeking opera in Shanghai, 2014EtymologyFrom Peking, the postal romanization of BeijingOther namesBeijing opera, Pekingese opera, Jing opera, Jingju, Jingxi, GuojuStylistic originsHui opera, Kunqu, Qinqiang, Han opera Peking operaPeking Opera in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese charactersTraditional Chinese京劇Simplified Chinese京剧Literal meaningCapital dramaTranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinJīngjùWade–GilesChing1-chü4IPA...

 

Wandle Meadow Nature Park is a 4.15 hectare local nature reserve and Site of Borough Importance for Nature Conservation, Grade 1, in Wimbledon in the London Borough of Merton.[1][2] It is owned and managed by Merton Council.[3] A map of 1847 shows the site as Byegrove Mead, which may have been managed as water meadows. In 1877 it was acquired by a sewage company, and it formed part of a sewage works until this closed in 1970. A plan to build a stadium for Wimbledon Foo...

1917 novel by Edgar Wallace For the South Korean television series, see The Secret House (TV series). The Secret House AuthorEdgar WallaceCountryUnited KingdomLanguageEnglishGenreThrillerPublisherWard LockPublication date1917Media typePrint The Secret House is a 1917 thriller novel by the British writer Edgar Wallace. It featured the return of several characters who had appeared in his earlier work The Nine Bears.[1] References ^ Clark, Neil. Stranger than Fiction: The Life of Ed...

 

平壤新義州高速公路朝鲜语名稱諺文평양신의주고속도로 汉字平壤-新義州高速道路 平壤新義州高速公路(朝鲜语:평양신의주고속도로), 是一條興建中、連接朝鮮民主主義人民共和國首都平壤和中朝邊境的新義州市的一條高速公路。全長387.1公里。 修建歷史 2010年9月,韓聯社引述開放北韓放送消息,2009年10月朝鮮在中國國務院總理溫家寶訪朝時,曾商定合作修建平新高...

 

2010 video gameSuper Robot Taisen OG Saga: Endless Frontier ExceedCover artDeveloper(s)Monolith SoftBanprestoPublisher(s)JP: Namco Bandai GamesDirector(s)Soichiro MorizumiProducer(s)Koji IshitaniArtist(s)Kazue SaitoSachiko KonoWriter(s)Soichiro MorizumiComposer(s)SalamanderNoriyasu AgematsuSeriesSuper Robot WarsPlatform(s)Nintendo DSReleaseJP: February 25, 2010Genre(s)Role-playingMode(s)Single-player Super Robot Taisen OG Saga: Endless Frontier Exceed[a] is a crossover role-playing vi...

Palestinian militant group Jerusalem Brigades redirects here. For the Israeli infantry brigade, see Etzioni Brigade. Al-Quds Brigadesسرايا القدسMembers of Al-Quds brigades parade through the Gaza StripSpokesmanAbu HamzaDates of operation1981 (1981)–presentMotivesThe establishment of a sovereign, Islamic Palestinian state within the geographic borders of pre-1948 Mandatory PalestineActive regionsGaza Strip, West Bank, Southern LebanonIdeologyPalestinian nationalismIslamis...

 

Ini adalah nama Batak Toba, marganya adalah Nadeak. Jumaga Nadeak, S.H., M.H. (lahir 11 Oktober 1957) adalah politikus Indonesia. Ia adalah Ketua DPRD Kepulauan Riau 2 periode yakni 2014—2019[1] dan 2019—2024.[2] Riwayat Pekerjaan Anggota DPRD Riau (1999—2004) Wakil Ketua DPRD Kepulauan Riau (2004—2009) Wakil Ketua DPRD Kepulauan Riau (2009—2014) Ketua DPRD Kepulauan Riau (2014—2019) Ketua DPRD Kepulauan Riau (2019—) Referensi ^ Pimpinan DPRD Provinsi Kepri Resmi...

 

1980 single by Lipps Inc. For other uses, see Funkytown (disambiguation). FunkytownSide A of US 7-inch vinyl singleSingle by Lipps Inc.from the album Mouth to Mouth B-sideAll Night DancingReleasedMarch 1980[1]StudioSound 80 (Minneapolis, Minnesota)Genre Disco[2] funk[3] synth-pop[4] Hi-NRG Length 7:50 (album version) 3:59 (single version) LabelCasablancaSongwriter(s)Steven GreenbergProducer(s)Steven GreenbergLipps Inc. singles chronology Rock It (1979) Funkytow...

1890 في الولايات المتحدةمعلومات عامةالسنة 1890 1889 في الولايات المتحدة 1891 في الولايات المتحدة تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات سنوات 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 علم الولايات المتحدة العلم المرصع بالنجوم: 15 نجمة، 15 خط (1795–1818)43 نجمة (1890–91) الجدول الزمني لتاريخ الولايات المتحدة تاريخ الو...

 

For the other films with the same name, see Hathiar (1979 film) and Hathyar (1989 film). 2002 Indian filmHathyarHathyar Movie PosterDirected byMahesh ManjrekarStory byMahesh ManjrekarProduced byGanesh JainRatan JainStarringSanjay DuttShilpa ShettySharad KapoorNarrated bySachin KhedekarCinematographyVijay Kumar AroraEdited byV. N. MayekarMusic byAnand Raj Anand Nitin RaikwarRahul RanadeDistributed byVenus Records & TapesRelease date 18 October 2002 (2002-10-18) CountryIndiaL...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!