板鈦礦

板鈦礦
巴基斯坦俾路支省產的板鈦礦
基本資料
類別氧化物礦物
化学式TiO2
IMA記號Brk[1]
施特龙茨分类4.DD.10 (10 ed)
4/D.15-10 (8 ed)
戴納礦物分類4.4.5.1
晶体分类双锥体 (mmm)
H-M記號: (2/m 2/m 2/m)
晶体空间群Pbca
晶胞a = 5.4558 Å,
b = 9.1819 Å,
c = 5.1429 Å; Z = 8
性質
分子量79.88 g/mol
顏色深紅色、深褐色、黃褐色,褐色或黑色
晶体惯态板狀具平行紋路,錐狀或假六方晶系
晶系斜方晶系
雙晶見於{120},不確定
解理{120}不良解理, {001}上有痕跡
断口亞貝殼狀斷口至不規則斷口
韌性/脆性脆性
莫氏硬度5.5 - 6
光澤半金屬光澤
條痕白色,灰色至黃色
透明性不透明至半透明
比重4.08 - 4.18
光學性質雙軸 (+)
折射率nα = 2.583 nβ = 2.584 nγ = 2.700
双折射δ = 0.117
多色性非常弱,黃色、紅色,橘色至棕色
2V夹角測量值: 12°- 20°
色散率0.131
發光性
參考文獻[2][3][4][5]

板鈦礦(英語:Brookite)是二氧化钛(TiO2)的斜方晶系礦物種類中的一種。已知二氧化钛在自然界中存在至少五種同質異形體(成分相同但結構不同的礦物)。另外四種為金紅石(正方晶系)、銳鈦礦(正方晶系)、赤荻石英语akaogiite單斜晶系)及一種稱為「TiO2 II」高壓相形式(斜方晶系)。相較於銳鈦礦和金紅石,板鈦礦比較罕見而且與這些型態一樣,都表現出光催化活性[6]。板鈦礦也具有比銳鈦礦或金紅石更大的晶胞容積,每個晶胞有8個TiO2原子團(銳鈦礦有 4個,而金紅石有 2 個)[7](Fe)、(Ta)和(Nb)是板鈦礦常見的雜質[4]

名稱

板鈦礦於1825年由法國礦物學家Armand Lévy以英格蘭的晶體學家、礦物學家和羊毛貿易商亨利·詹姆斯·布魯克英语Henry_James_Brooke(Henry James Brooke)的姓氏來命名[2][4]

晶體結構

板鈦礦的晶體結構

板鈦礦晶體結構是由變形八面體所組成的,該八面體是以離子做為中心而六個端點則為離子。每個八面體與相鄰的八面體共享三個邊,形成斜方晶系的晶體結構[8]

外觀

巴基斯坦的板鈦礦

板鈦礦的晶型通常呈板狀、細長且具有平行紋路,除此之外也可以是稜錐狀、假六邊形或稜柱形狀。板鈦礦也可以和金紅石外延關係的方式生長在一起[4]。 板鈦礦的顏色通常呈棕色,有時呈黃色或紅棕色甚至黑色。光澤為亞金屬光澤。透明度為不透明至半透明,當切成薄片則呈透明,在透光下顏色會呈黃棕色至深棕色[2][4][5]

成因和共生礦物

板鈦礦作為阿爾卑斯山礦脈片麻岩片岩中的次要礦物;同時也是常見的碎屑礦物英语Detritus_(geology)[4][5]。伴生礦物包含其同質異形體銳鈦礦金紅石以及榍石正長石石英赤鐵礦方解石綠泥石白雲母[5]

標準產地英语type locality (geology)威爾斯格温内斯Prenteg英语Prenteg地區的Twll Maen Grisial[4]。2004年在巴基斯坦俾路支省卡兰县也有板鈦礦發現的紀錄[4]

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ Warr, L.N. IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine. 2021, 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. S2CID 235729616. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43可免费查阅. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Brookite页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Webmineral.com. Retrieved on 2011-10-14.
  3. ^ Gaines et al (1997) Dana’s New Mineralogy Eighth Edition. Wiley
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 Brookite页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Mindat.org (2011-09-17). Retrieved on 2011-10-14.
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Brookite页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Handbook of Mineralogy. (PDF) . Retrieved on 2011-10-14.
  6. ^ Di Paola, A; Addamo, M.; Bellardita, M.; Cazzanelli, E.; Palmisano, L. Preparation of photocatalytic brookite thin films. Thin Solid Films. 2007, 515 (7–8): 3527–3529. Bibcode:2007TSF...515.3527D. doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2006.10.114. 
  7. ^ Anatase and Brookite 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2012-03-17.. Wikis.lib.ncsu.edu (2007-05-08). Retrieved on 2011-10-14.
  8. ^ The Crystal Structure of Brookite页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). paulingblog.wordpress.com. 12 January 2010

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