^Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). North Germanic. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.
^Holmberg, Anders and Christer Platzack (2005). "The Scandinavian languages". In The Comparative Syntax Handbook, eds Guglielmo Cinque and Richard S. Kayne. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Excerpt at Durham University (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
^The Nordic Council's/Nordic Council of Ministers' political magazine Analys Norden offers three versions: a section labeled "Íslenska" (Icelandic), a section labeled "Skandinavisk" (in either Danish, Norwegian or Swedish), and a section labeled "Suomi" (Finnish).
^Sammallahti, Pekka, 1990. "The Sámi Language: Past and Present". In Arctic Languages: An Awakening. (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Paris. ISBN92-3-102661-5, p. 440: "the arrival of a Uralic population and language in Samiland [...] means that there has been a period of at least 5000 years of uninterrupted linguistic and cultural development in Samiland. [...] It is also possible, however, that the earlier inhabitants of the area also spoke a Uralic language: we do not know of any linguistic groups in the area other than the Uralic and Indo-Europeans (represented by the present Scandinavian languages)."
^Inez Svonni Fjällström (2006). "A language with deep roots" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).Sápmi: Language history, 14 November 2006. Samiskt Informationscentrum Sametinget: "The Scandinavian languages are Northern Germanic languages. [...] Sami belongs to the Finno-Ugric language family. Finnish, Estonian, Livonian and Hungarian belong to the same language family and are consequently related to each other."
^Bandle, Oskar (ed.)(2005). The Nordic Languages: An International Handbook of the History of the North Germanic Languages. Walter de Gruyter, 2005, ISBN3-11-017149-X.
^Lund, Jørn. Language (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Published online by Royal Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Version 1 – November 2003. Retrieved 13 November 2007.
^Holmberg, Anders and Christer Platzack (2005). "The Scandinavian languages". In The Comparative Syntax Handbook, eds Guglielmo Cinque and Richard S. Kayne. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Excerpt at Durham University (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
^Lund, Jørn. Language (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Published online by Royal Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Version 1 – November 2003. Retrieved 13 November 2007.
^Adams 1895,第336–338頁. sfn error: no target: CITEREFAdams1895 (help)
^Article Nordiska språk, section Historia, subsection Omkring 800–1100, in Nationalencyklopedin (1994).
^Holmberg, Anders and Christer Platzack (2005). "The Scandinavian languages". In The Comparative Syntax Handbook, eds Guglielmo Cinque and Richard S. Kayne. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Excerpt at Durham University (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
^"Urban misunderstandings". In Norden this week – Monday 01.17.2005. The Nordic Council and the Nordic Council of Ministers. Retrieved 13 November 2007.
^Delsing, Lars-Olof and Katarina Lundin Åkesson (2005). Håller språket ihop Norden? En forskningsrapport om ungdomars förståelse av danska, svenska och norska. Available in pdf format (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Numbers are from Figure 4:11. "Grannspråksförståelse bland infödda skandinaver fördelade på ort", p. 65 and Figure 4:6. "Sammanlagt resultat på grannspråksundersökningen fördelat på område", p. 58.
^Maurud, Ø (1976). Nabospråksforståelse i Skandinavia. En undersøkelse om gjensidig forståelse av tale- og skriftspråk i Danmark, Norge og Sverige. Nordisk utredningsserie 13. Nordiska rådet, Stockholm.
^"Urban misunderstandings". In Norden this week – Monday 01.17.2005. The Nordic Council and the Nordic Council of Ministers. Retrieved 13 November 2007.
^Delsing, Lars-Olof and Katarina Lundin Åkesson (2005). Håller språket ihop Norden? En forskningsrapport om ungdomars förståelse av danska, svenska och norska. Available in pdf format (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Numbers are from Figure 4:11. "Grannspråksförståelse bland infödda skandinaver fördelade på ort", p. 65 and Figure 4:6. "Sammanlagt resultat på grannspråksundersökningen fördelat på område", p. 58.