Anna Karenina

Anna Karenina

1878-yilgi nashr
Asl nomi Анна Каренина
Muallif(lar) Lev Tolstoy
Mamlakat Rossiya bayrogʻi Rossiya
Til ruscha
Janr(lar)i Realistik roman
Nashr etilgan sanasi 1878-yil
Sahifalar soni 864 bet
ISBN ISBN 978-1-84749-059-9

"Anna Karenina"— buyuk rus adibi Lev Tolstoy qalamiga mansub roman. Birinchi marta1878-yilda kitob shaklida nashr etilgan. Koʻplab yozuvchilar Anna Kareninani eng buyuk adabiyot asarlaridan deb bilishadi.[1] Tolstoyning oʻzi uni birinchi haqiqiy romanim deb atagan. Dastlab u 1873-yildan 1877-yilgacha "Rossiya xabarchisi " davriy nashrida ketma-ket boʻlib chiqarildi.[2]

Oʻndan ortiq asosiy qahramonlardan iborat sakkiz qismdan iborat murakkab roman, odatda ikki jilddan iborat 800 dan ortiq sahifalarga (tarjima va nashriyotchiga qarab) tarqaldi. Bu xiyonat, iymon, oila, nikoh, imperatorlik rus jamiyati, xohish-istaklari va qishloqlarga qarshi shahar hayoti mavzulariga bagʻishlangan. Bu syujet Anna va otliq ofitser graf Aleksey Kirillovich Vronskiy oʻrtasidagi nikohdan tashqari munosabatlarga asoslangan boʻlib, u Sankt-Peterburgning ijtimoiy doiralarini janjalga soladi va yosh sevishganlarni baxt izlab Italiyaga qochishga majbur qiladi. Rossiyaga qaytib kelganlaridan soʻng, ularning hayoti yanada ravshanlashdi.

Poyezdlar — bu Rossiya imperatori Aleksandr II boshlagan liberal islohotlar natijasida jadal oʻzgarishlarning fonida sodir boʻlayotgan roman davomida takrorlanuvchi motiv boʻlib, yoʻlovchilar poezdlarida yoki Sankt-Peterburgdagi stantsiyalarda yoki Rossiyaning boshqa joylarida bir nechta muhim voqealar sodir boʻladi. Roman turli xil ommaviy axborot vositalariga, shu jumladan teatr, opera, kino, televidenie, balet, figurali uchish va radio drama uchun moslashtirilgan.[3]

Qahramonlari

  • Anna Arkadyevna Karenina — Stefan Oblonskiyning singlisi, Kareninning rafiqasi va Vronskiyning sevgilisi.
  • Graf Aleksey Kirillovich Vronskiy -Annaning sevgilisi, otliq ofitser.
  • Shahzoda Stefan „Stiva“ Arkadevich Oblonskiy- davlat xizmatchisi va Annaning ukasi, 34 yoshda.
  • Malika Darya „Dolli“ Aleksandrovna Oblonskaya- Stefanning rafiqasi, 33 yoshda.
  • Aleksey Aleksandrovich Karenin-katta davlat arbobi va Annaning eri, undan yigirma yosh katta.
  • Konstantin „Kostya“ Dmitrievich Levin / Lyovin—Kittining sovchisi, Stivaning qadimgi doʻsti, er egasi, 32 yoshda.
  • Nikolay Dmitrievich Levin / Lyovin — Konstantinning akasi, qashshoq ichkilikboz.
  • Sergey Ivanovich Koznyshev- Konstantinning ukasi, taniqli yozuvchi, 40 yoshda.
  • Malika Yekaterina „Kiti“ Aleksandrovna Shcherbatskaya -Dollining singlisi va keyinchalik Levinning rafiqasi, 18 yoshda.
  • Malika Elizaveta „Betsi“ Tverskaya— Annaning boy, axloqan erkin doʻsti va Vronskiyning amakivachchasi.
  • Grafinya Lidiya Ivanovna— Kareninni oʻz ichiga olgan yuqori jamiyat doirasi rahbari va malika Betsi va uning doirasidan qochadi. U rus pravoslav, sirli va maʼnaviy qiziqishini saqlaydi.
  • Grafinya Vronskaya: Vronskiyning onasi.
  • Sergey „Seryozha“ Alekseyich Karenin, Anna va Kareninning oʻgʻli, 8 yoshda.
  • Anna (Enni)— Anna va Vronsky qizi.

Tarixiy konteksti

Romandagi voqealar 1861-yilgi ozodlik islohotlari orasida asosiy oʻrinni egallagan Rossiya imperatori Aleksandr II boshlagan liberal islohotlar, soʻng sud-huquq islohoti, shu jumladan sudyalar tizimi natijasida sodir boʻlgan voqealar; harbiy islohotlar, saylanadigan mahalliy hukumatlarning (Zemstvo) joriy etilishi, temir yoʻllarning tez rivojlanishi, banklar, sanoat, telegraf, yangi ishbilarmon elitalarning paydo boʻlishi va eski quruqlik zodagonlarining tanazzuli, erkin matbuot, jamoatchilik fikrining uygʻonishi,Panislavizm harakati, Serbiya bilan harbiy mojaro, 1876-​​yildagi Usmonli imperiyasi va boshqalar. Ushbu zamonaviy voqealar roman qahramonlari tomonidan qizgʻin muhokama qilinadi.

Moslashtirishlar

Roman turli xil ommaviy axborot vositalariga, shu jumladan opera, kino, televidenie, balet va radio dramalariga moslashtirildi. Birinchi film moslashuvi 1911-yilda chiqarilgan, ammo saqlab qolinmagan.

Film va televidenie

  • 1911: Anna Karenine (1911 film) , Moris André Maytre tomonidan ishlangan ruscha moslashtirish.
  • 1914-yil: Anna Karenina (1914 film) , Vladimir Gardin tomonidan ishlangan ruscha moslashtirish
  • 1915-yil: Anna Karenina (1915 film), daniyalik aktrisa Betti Nansen ishtirokidagi amerikalik versiya
  • 1918: Anna Karenina (1918 film) , Anna Karenina rolida Iren Varsaniy bosh rolni oʻynagan venger moslashuvi.
  • 1927: Sevgi (1927 film) , Greta Garbo bosh rolni ijro etgan va rejissor Edmund Goulding amerikalik versiyasi. Ushbu versiya romandagi muhim oʻzgarishlarni namoyish etdi va ikki xil yakun yasadi, amerikalik tomoshabinlar uchun baxtli
  • 1935-yil: Anna Karenina (1935 film), bosh rollarda Greta Garbo va Fredrik Mart; rejissor Klarens Braun
  • 1948: Anna Karenina (1948 film) Vivien Ley va Ralf Richardson rollarini ijro etgan; rejissori Julien Duvivier
  • 1953: Anna Karenina (1953 film) , Tatyana Lukashevich tomonidan ishlangan ruscha versiyasi
  • 1960-yil: Nahr al-Xob (Sevgi daryosi), Misrning Ezzel Dine Zulficar tomonidan suratga olingan filmi.
  • 1967-yil: Anna Karenina (1967-yil film) , Aleksandr Zarxi tomonidan boshqarilgan ruscha versiya
  • 1977-yil: Anna Karenina , 1977-yilda oʻn qismli BBC seriyali, rejissor Bazil Koulman va bosh rollarda Nikola Pagett , Erik Porter va Styuart Uilson.
  • 1975/1979: Anna Karenina (1975 film), „Bolshoy Balet“ filmining rejissori Margarita Pilixina 1976-yilda Finlandiyada namoyish etilgan. 1979-yilda AQSh tomonidan chiqarilgan
  • 1985-yil: Anna Karenina (1985-yil film) , Jaklin Bisset va Kristofer Riv ishtirokidagi televizion film, rejissor Simon Langton[4]
  • 1997-yil: Anna Karenina (1997 film), toʻliq Rossiyada suratga olingan birinchi amerikalik versiya, rejissor Bernard Rouz va Soli Marso va Shon Bin bosh rollarda.
  • 2000-yil: Anna Karenina (2000 minisery) , Devid Blerning inglizcha versiyasi va Xelen Makkrori va Kevin MakKidd rollarini ijro etgan
  • 2012: Anna Karenina (2012 film) , Tom Stoppard ssenariysidan Djo Raytning Britaniyadagi versiyasi , Keyra Naytli va Yahud Loun ijro etgan[5]
  • 2013: Anna Karenina (2013 film), ingliz tilidagi italyancha / fransuzcha / ispancha / nemischa / litvalik Christian Dugvay tomonidan suratga olingan va Vittoria Puccini, Benjamin Sadler va Santiago Cabrera rollarini ijro etgan. Shu bilan bir qatorda ikki qismli mini-seriya yoki bitta 3 soat 15 daqiqali film sifatida taqdim etiladi.
  • 2015: Sara Karnuk , Rojer Korser , Benedikt Semyuel , Sofi Louning rollarini ijro etgan Glendin Ivin (rejissor) va Piter Salmon (rejissor) tomonidan Anna Kareninaning avstraliyalik zamonaviy qiyofasini qayta koʻrib chiqadigan "Chiroyli yolgʻon" (2015-yil mini- seriyalari)
  • 2017: Anna Karenina Vronskiyning hikoyasi , Karen Shaxnazarov tomonidan boshqarilgan ruscha moslashtirish

Teatr

  • 1992-yil: Xelen Edmundson Anna Kareninani Buyuk Britaniya atrofida va xalqaro miqyosda gastrollarda boʻlgan Shared Experience tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan mahsulotga moslashtirdi ; Edmundson Time Out mukofotiga va TMA mukofotiga sazovor boʻldi.[6]

Balet

  • 1979-yil: Anna Karenina, xoreografiya André Prokovskiy, musiqa Chaykovskiy bilan
  • 2005-yil: Anna Karenina , xoreografiya Boris Eifman, musiqasi Chaykovskiy bilan[7]
  • 2019: Anna Karenina , Yuriy Possoxovning xoreografiyasi, Ilya Demutskiyning musiqasi bilan

Radio

  • 1949: Marlen Ditrix bosh rolni ijro etgan va rejissor Marks Loeb tomonidan boshqarilgan MGM Havo teatri

Manbalar

  1. ↑ http://content.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1578073,00.html
  2. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=mrU7DIwNbiEC&pg=PA137
  3. ↑ https://www.theguardian.com/books/2007/mar/04/1
  4. ↑ http://www.vakhtangov.theatre.ru/history/performance/annakarenina/
  5. ↑ http://www.ivi.ru/video/view/?id=47486
  6. ↑ „arxiv nusxasi“. 2012-yil 15-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 29-dekabr.
  7. ↑ „arxiv nusxasi“. 2019-yil 25-noyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 29-dekabr.

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