Tebriz'in işgali

Tebriz'in İşgali
I. Dünya Savaşı - İran Cephesi

Osmanlı birlikleri Tebriz civarında, 1917.
TarihMart 1917 - 23 Ağustos 1918
Bölge
Tebriz, Kuzeybatı İran
Sonuç Osmanlı'nın zaferi
Taraflar

Kaçarlar

Ermenistan Ermeni Gönüllü Tugayları
Süryani Gönüllüler
Birleşik Krallık Büyük Britanya
 • Süryani gönüllüler

Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Osmanlı

Urmiye Valiliği[1] (1918)

  • Yerel Müslüman Aşiretler
Komutanlar ve liderler
Ahmed Şah Kaçar
Rıza Şah
Ağa Petros		 Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Enver Paşa
Simko		 Arşad el-Muk
Kayıplar
5.000'den fazla Fars, Süryani ve Hristiyan sivil, Kürt aşiretleri tarafından öldürüldü[2]

Güney Azerbaycan bölgesindeki Tebriz şehri, Osmanlı ve Rusya arasında Birinci Dünya Savaşı boyunca birkaç kez el değiştirdi.

Savaşın başlangıcında, 1911'deki Rus işgalinden bu yana Tebriz, Rus kuvvetlerinin elindeydi. 31 Haziran 1914'te, yani savaşın başlamasından üç gün sonra İran hükûmeti tarafsızlığını ilan etti. Buna rağmen Ruslar, sonbaharda harekâta başladıklarında Güney Azerbaycan'da halihazırda bulunan kuvvete 50.000 asker daha göndererek sayıyı 60.000'e çıkardı.

Osmanlı, 2 Ocak 1915'te Kafkasya'daki Sarıkamış Muharebesi devam ederken bir yandan da İran içlerine sefere başladı ve Rus kuvvetlerini Culfa'ya çekilmeye zorladı. Bu sefer sırasında Osmanlı kuvvetleri Tebriz'i işgal etti.

Ruslar yeni kuvvetlerle Culfa'nın güneyinde Osmanlı kuvvetlerini mağlup etti ve Şubat 1915'in başlarında Tebriz'in kontrolünü yeniden ele geçirdi. Ruslar batıya doğru ilerleyerek Urmiye'yi işgal etti ve Van Gölü'ne kadar çıktı. Aynı zamanda Ruslar İran'ın orta kısmına girerek Kazvin, Kerec ve Tahran'ı işgal etti.

1917 Şubat Devrimi'nden sonra ön saflardaki Rus kuvvetleri dağıldı ve İran'dan çekilmeye başladı. Osmanlı kuvvetleri hızla harekete geçerek Güney Azerbaycan'ı ve Tebriz'i işgal etti.[3] İngilizlerin geri çekilmeye zorlamaya yönelik çabalarına rağmen 23 Ağustos 1918'e kadar Tebriz'de kaldılar.[4]

Kaynakça

  1. ^ Ismael 1964, s. 90.
  2. ^ Maria T. O'Shea, "Trapped Between the Map and Reality: Geography and Perceptions of Kurdistan", Routledge, 2004. p. 100: "Simultaneously, a 1000 Christians were killed in Salmas, in a massacre instigated by Simko."
  3. ^ Clifford Edmund Bosworth (1 Ocak 2007). Historic Cities of the Islamic World. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-15388-2. 29 Haziran 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 24 Ocak 2024. 
  4. ^ Edward J. Erickson (12 Mart 2007). Ottoman Army Effectiveness in World War I: A Comparative Study. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-98456-4. 

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