San Marino tarihi

San Marino tarihi günümüzdeki San Marino Cumhuriyeti'nin sınırları içinde kalan bölgelerin tarih öncesi zamanlardan günümüze kadar süregelen tarihidir.

Başlangıcı

San Marino Şatosu

Dünyanın en eski ülkelerinden biri olan San Marino, rivayete göre 3 Eylül 301 tarihinde Roma İmparatoru Diocletianus'un Hristiyanlara işkencesinden kaçan Hristiyan bir taş ustası Dalmaçyalı Marinus tarafından kurulmuştur. Kurulduğu zaman toprakları Monte Titano (Titano Tepesi) ile sınırlı olan San Marino 1463 yılında Rimini Lordu Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta'ya karşı Papa II. Pius'u destekledi. Buna desteğine karşılık Papa tarafından Fiorentino, Montegiardino, Serravalle kasabalarıyla ödüllendirildi. Faetano kasabası da kendiliğinden San Marino'ya katılınca ülke günümüzdeki sınırlarına ulaşmış oldu.

Yeni Çağ

Cesare Borgia

San Marino tarihi boyunca genel olarak barış içinde yaşadı. 1503 yılında bir süre Cesare Borgia tarafından işgal edildi. 1739 yılında Papa XII. Clemens'in emriyle bir süre Papalık Devleti'nin ordusu tarafından işgal edildi. 1815 yılında toplanan Viyana Kongresi San Marino'yu bir devlet olarak tanımaya devam etti. San Marino Giuseppe Garibaldi'nin çabalarıyla gerçekleşen İtalya'nın Birleşmesine katılmadı.

Yakın Çağ

1944 yılında San Marino önce Nazi Almanyası sonra da müttefikler tarafından işgal edildi. II. Dünya Savaşı'ndan sonra 1945-1957 yılları arasında San Marino Komünist Partisi ile Sosyalist Parti tarafından kurulan bir koalisyon hükûmeti tarafından yönetildi. Böylece Batı Avrupa'da Komünistler tarafından yönetilen ilk ülke olma niteliğini kazandı.

San Marino'da kadınlara oy kullanma hakkı 1960 yılında verildi. Ülke Avrupa Konseyine katıldı. 1992 yılında da Birleşmiş Milletler'e üye oldu. 2002 yılında OECD ile bir ortaklık anlaşması imzaladı.

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