Kolombiya çatışmaları

Kolombiya çatışmaları, Kolombiya'da yaklaşık 1964 veya 1966 yılında devlet güçleri ve Kolombiya Devrimci Silahlı Güçleri (FARC) ile Ulusal Kurtuluş Ordusu (ELN) gibi köylü gerillalar arasında başlayan ve asimetrik düşük yoğunlukla günümüze kadar devam eden silahlı çatışmalardır.

Kökeni tarihsel olarak, 1948'de popülist lider Jorge Eliecer Gaitán'ın siyasi suikastıyla tetiklenen[1] ve 1960'larda Kolombiya'nın kırsal kesimlerinde komünizme karşı Amerika Birleşik Devletleri destekli kuvvetli baskılar sonrasında Liberal ve Komünist militanların FARC içine yeniden yapılanmasına yol açan La Violencia olarak bilinen çatışmalara dayanır.[2]

Mücadele için ileri sürülen nedenler gruptan gruba farklılık gösterir. FARC ve diğer gerilla hareketleri, yoksulların haklarını savunmak, onları devlet şiddetinden korumak ve sosyalizm yoluyla sosyal adalet sağlamak için mücadele ettiklerini iddia etmektedirler.[3] Kolombiya devleti, düzen ve istikrar için mücadele ettiğini, vatandaşlarının hak ve çıkarlarını korumak istediğini iddia etmektedir. Kolombiya Birleşik Öz Savunma Kuvvetleri (AUC) gibi paramiliter gruplar ise gerilla hareketleri tarafından verildiği algılanan tehditlere tepki verdiklerini iddia etmektedirler.[4]

Gerilla ve paramiliter gruplar, uyuşturucu kaçakçılığı ve terörizmle suçlanmaktadır. Çatışmaların tüm tarafları, çok sayıda insan hakları ihlalleri işledikleri için eleştirilmektedir.

Bir hükûmet raporuna göre, 1958 ve 2013 yılları arasında çoğu sivil 220.000 kişi çatışmalarda ölmüştür.[5] Aynı rapora göre sağcı paramiliterler daha fazla cinayetten sorumlu iken, solcu isyancılar daha fazla adam kaçırma olaylarından ve maddi hasardan sorumlular.[5] 46.383 kişi kaybolmuş, 29.682 kişi de kaçırılmıştır.[6]

2015 yılının Eylül ayında Kolombiya hükûmeti ile FARC örgütü Küba'nın arabuluculuğuyla anlaşmaya varmışlardır. 6 ay içerisinde barış antlaşması imzalanması öngörülmüştür.[7]

Kaynakça

  1. ^ (İngilizce) Garry Leech (2009). Beyond Bogota: Diary of a Drug War Journalist. Boston, MA: Beacon Press. s. 242–247. ISBN 978-0-8070-6148-0.
  2. ^ (İngilizce) Mario A. Murillo; Jesús Rey Avirama (2004). Colombia and the United States: war, unrest, and destabilization. Seven Stories Press. p. 57. ISBN 978-1-58322-606-3.
  3. ^ (İspanyolca) "Farc-EP confirma muerte de Marulanda a través de un comunicado" 14 Haziran 2011 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. Rebelion.org. 26 Mayıs 2008. En son 25 Ağustos 2013 tarihinde erişildi.
  4. ^ (İngilizce) "War on Drugs and Human Rights in Colombia" 26 Aralık 2009 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. En son 11 Eylül 2010 tarihinde erişildi.
  5. ^ a b (İngilizce) Colombian conflict has killed 220,000 in 55 years, commission finds 4 Eylül 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. The Guardian. 25 Temmuz 2013. En son 25 Ağustos 2013 tarihinde erişildi.
  6. ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 24 Ağustos 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Temmuz 2017. 
  7. ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 1 Ekim 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 11 Ekim 2015. 

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