Fonon

Kristal boyunca titreşimin normal modda ilerlemesi. Hareketin genliği görüş kolaylığı açısından abartılmıştır. Normal bir kristalde, genellikle bu hareketin genliği Kafes sabitinden küçüktür.

Fonon, bir kristal örgüsünde bulunan atomların ortak titreşimlerinin nicesidir. Fiziksel olarak bir parçacık olmadığı için genellikle parçacığımsı olarak adlandırılır. Optik ve akustik fonon olmak üzere iki çeşidi bulunur. Optik fononların enerjileri daha yüksektir ve fotonla çiftleşmeleri daha kolay olur. Akustik fononlar ise daha düşük enerjilidir.[1]

Bir örgüde tetiklenebilecek fonon sayısını hesaplamak için birim hücredeki atom sayısı her bir atomun serbestlik derecesiyle çarpılır. Örneğin silisyum kristalinin birim hücresinde 2 adet silisyum atomu bulunur, her bir atom ise 3 eksende salınabilir (x,y,z) dolayısıyla silisyum kristalinde toplam 6 adet fonon tetiklenir. Optik fonon sayısı serbestlik derecesi kadardır. Geriye kalan fononlar ise akustik fononlardır. Yani silisyum kristalinde 3 adet optik ve 6-3=3 adet akustik fonon bulunur.

Kristal yapıda tetiklenen fononlar Raman saçılmasıyla gözlemlenebilir.

Fononların süperiletkenlikte önemli rolleri vardır. İki elektronun bir araya gelmesiyle oluşan cooper çiftleri, fonon alışverişiyle birlikte kalırlar. Süperiletkendeki titreşim artması veya azalması da fonona bağlıdır.

Kaynakça

  1. ^ Özütok, Fatma (2009). Kuantum Kuyu Yapılarda Optik Fonon Modları (Tez). Selçuklu: Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. 29 Temmuz 2024 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 29 Temmuz 2024. 

Read other articles:

مستر أولمبيا 2009

مستر أولمبيا 2009 شعار مستر أولمبياشعار مستر أولمبيا معلومات عامة فترة الانعقاد 24 - 27 سبتمبر 2009 مكان الانعقاد لاس فيغاس، نيفادا،  الولايات المتحدة المنظم الاتحاد الدولي لكمال الأجسام واللياقة البدنية (IFBB) المنطقة  العالم ترتيب النسخة 46 الموقع الرسمي الموقع الرسمي لمحت...

 

25 Cats Name Sam and One Blue Pussy

1954 artist’s book by Andy Warhol AuthorAndy WarholCountryUSALanguageEnglishPublishedca. 1954PublisherSelf-published 25 Cats Name Sam and One Blue Pussy is a privately printed, limited edition artist's book by the American artist Andy Warhol in 1954.[1] It consists of 19 lithographs that were hand-colored with watercolor by the artist and his friends.[2] His mother Julia Warhola did the calligraphy, and is responsible for the dropped “d” in the title, which Warhol chose ...

 

J. Wight Giddings

American politician Jabez Wight Giddings27th Lieutenant Governor of MichiganIn officeJanuary 1, 1893 – January 1, 1895GovernorJohn Treadway RichPreceded byJohn StrongSucceeded byAlfred MilnesMember of the Michigan Senatefrom the 28th districtIn office1887–1890 Personal detailsBorn(1858-09-27)September 27, 1858Romeo, MichiganDiedJuly 1, 1933(1933-07-01) (aged 74)Taos, New MexicoPolitical partyRepublican Jabez Wight Giddings (September 27, 1858 – July 1, 1933) was an America...

بروتين راسي بالدهون

يبين الشكل نموذج الفسيفساء السائل لغشاء الخلية بروتينات راسية بالدهون (المعروفة أيضًا بالبروتينات المرتبطة بالدهون) (بالإنجليزية: Lipid anchored proteins)‏ هي نوع من البروتيوليبيدات، وهي بروتينات موجودة على سطح غشاء الخلية وترتبطها روابط تساهمية بالدهون الموجودة داخل غشاء الخلية....

 

Chevrolet Grand Prix

Annual sports car race in Canada This article is about the IMSA sports car Grand Prix. For the 1970s Formula 1 Grand Prix, see Canadian Grand Prix. For the 1960s MotoGP Grand Prix, see Canadian motorcycle Grand Prix. Chevrolet Grand PrixIMSA WeatherTech SportsCar ChampionshipVenueCanadian Tire Motorsport ParkCorporate sponsorChevroletFirst race1975First WSCC race2014Duration2 hours 40 minutesPrevious namesMosport 6 Hours, Mosport 1000, Mosport 500, Mosport Festival, Grand Prix of Mosport, Mob...

 

St Helens R.F.C. Women

St Helens WomenClub informationFull nameSt Helens Women's Rugby Football ClubNickname(s)The SaintsThe Red VShort nameSaintsColours White and redFounded2013; 10 years ago (2013)(As Thatto Heath Crusaders)Current detailsGround(s)Totally Wicked Stadium (18,000)CoachMatty SmithCaptainJodie CunninghamCompetitionRFL Women's Super League20222nd Current seasonUniforms Home colours Away colours RecordsLeague Championships4 (2014, 2015, 2016, 2021)Challenge Cups7 (2013, 2014, 2015, 20...

María Gracia Omegna

Este artículo o sección tiene referencias, pero necesita más para complementar su verificabilidad.Este aviso fue puesto el 27 de mayo de 2020. María Gracia Omegna Omegna enInformación personalNombre de nacimiento María Gracia Andrea Omegna VergaraApodo BachaNacimiento 10 de noviembre de 1984 (39 años)Santiago de ChileResidencia Las Condes Nacionalidad ChilenaLengua materna EspañolCaracterísticas físicasAltura 1.62Peso 50 kgOjos CastañoCabello CastañoFamiliaCónyuge Gabriel Ur...

 

Ứng suất cắt

Bài viết này cần thêm chú thích nguồn gốc để kiểm chứng thông tin. Mời bạn giúp hoàn thiện bài viết này bằng cách bổ sung chú thích tới các nguồn đáng tin cậy. Các nội dung không có nguồn có thể bị nghi ngờ và xóa bỏ. Mô tả việc bulông bị ứng suất cắt Ứng suất cắt là kết quả khi lực tác động lên sản phẩm mà gây ra biến dạng trượt của vật liệu trên một mặt phẳng song son...

 

Latin music

Music from Ibero-America or sung in Spanish or Portuguese This article is about the genre of music. For music from Latin America, see Music of Latin America. For other uses, see Latin music (disambiguation). Latin musicNative nameMúsica latinaStylistic originsIbero-American musicSpanish musicPortuguese musicCultural originsEarly 1940s, Ibero-AmericaSubgenresLatin jazzLatin popLatin R&BLatin rockLatin urbanRegional MexicanTropical music 2023 in Latin music Tango Latin music (Portuguese an...

Root microbiome

Part of a series onMicrobiomes Plant microbiomes Endosphere Phyllosphere Rhizosphere laimosphere root microbiome soil microbiome spermosphere Marine microbiomes Seagrass Coral Cetacean Marine microbial symbiosis Human microbiomes Human milk Fecal transplant Gut–brain axis Placental Salivary Uterine Necrobiome Other microbiomes Mycobiome Phycosphere Built environment Drosophila gut Microbiota Plant endophyte epiphyte rhizobacteria Human gut lung oral skin vaginal Marine Microbial community I...

 

Operation Kalbajar

Military engagement in the First Nagorno-Karabakh War Operation KalbajarPart of First Nagorno-Karabakh WarMap showing the height of the Azerbaijani offensive (c. mid-February 1994)   Areas recaptured by Azerbaijan during the operation   Armenian-occupied territories   Azerbaijan outside of the conflict zone   ArmeniaDate15 December 1993 (1993-12-15) – 20 February 1994 (1994-02-20) (2 months and 5 days)Loca...

 

Provo Utah Temple

Latter-day Saint temple in Provo, Utah, United States north of BYU Provo Utah TempleNumber15DedicationFebruary 9, 1972, by Joseph Fielding SmithSite17 acres (6.9 ha)Floor area128,325 sq ft (11,921.8 m2)Height175 ft (53 m)Official website • News & imagesChurch chronology ←Ogden Utah Temple Provo Utah Temple →Washington D.C. Temple Additional informationAnnouncedAugust 14, 1967, by David O. McKayGroundbreakingSeptember 15, 1969, by Hugh B. BrownOpen h...

超級機器人大戰Z系列作品列表

此條目没有列出任何参考或来源。 (2018年2月28日)維基百科所有的內容都應該可供查證。请协助補充可靠来源以改善这篇条目。无法查证的內容可能會因為異議提出而被移除。 超級機器人大戰Z系列參戰作品Z系列中的登場作品一覽，以“真實系”、“超級系”分類，包括原創機體參戰。 歷代出現統計 作品/機體 分類 Z Z2 破界篇 Z2 再世篇 Z3 時獄篇 Z3 天獄篇 剛烈翁（ガンレオ...

 

Teori pembentukan Bumi

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Februari 2023. Teori pembentukan Bumi adalah berbagai teori yang diajukan sebagai penjelasan asal usul terbentuknya Bumi.[1] Banyak ilmuwan yang meneliti dan menyimpulkan peristiwa terbentuknya Bumi, dengan berbagai teori dan hipotesis mereka.[1] Teo...

 

Samarium acetylacetonate

Samarium acetylacetonate Identifiers CAS Number 14589-42-5 Y 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ECHA InfoCard 100.035.105 InChI InChI=1S/3C5H7O2.Sm/c3*1-4(6)3-5(2)7;/h3*3H,1-2H3;/q3*-1;+3Key: JTZJMDRBZZVNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N SMILES CC(=O)[CH-]C(=O)C.CC(=O)[CH-]C(=O)C.CC(=O)[CH-]C(=O)C.[Sm+3] Properties Chemical formula C15H21O6Sm Molar mass 447.69 g·mol−1 Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100&#...

Jats

Social group of India and Pakistan Jat and Jat people redirect here. For other uses, see Jat (disambiguation). Not to be confused with the Jats of Afghanistan. JatRegions with significant populationsSouth Asia~30–43 million (c. 2009/10)LanguagesHindustani (Hindi-Urdu) • Haryanvi • Punjabi (and its dialects) • Lahnda • Rajasthani • Sindhi (and its dialects) • Braj • KhariboliReligionHinduism • Islam • Sikhism The Jat people are a traditionall...

 

Triggers (novel)

2012 book by Robert J. Sawyer Triggers First edition coverAuthorRobert J. SawyerCover artistStephan MartiniereLanguageEnglishGenreScience fictionPublisherVikingPublication date2012Media typePrint (Hardcover & Paperback)Pages342ISBN978-0-670-06576-9OCLC767940725 Triggers is a science fiction novel by Canadian writer Robert J. Sawyer.[1] It was originally serialized in Analog. Plot summary In the near future, a war veteran named Kadeem Adams is about to undergo a highly ex...

 

Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Kebumen

Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten KebumenDewan Perwakilan RakyatKabupaten Kebumen2019-2024JenisJenisUnikameral SejarahSesi baru dimulai13 Agustus 2019PimpinanKetuaH. Sarimun, S.Sy. (PDI-P) sejak 23 September 2019 Wakil Ketua IFuad Wahyudi, S.T. (PKB) sejak 23 September 2019 Wakil Ketua IIH. Agung Prabowo, S.H. (Gerindra) sejak 23 September 2019 Wakil Ketua IIIH. Munawar Cholil, B.A. (Golkar) sejak 18 Oktober 2021 KomposisiAnggota50Partai & kursi  PDI-P (12...

Anser (bird)

Genus of birds Grey goose redirects here. For the vodka, see Grey Goose (vodka). For other uses, see Grey Goose (disambiguation). AnserTemporal range: Miocene-Holocene Pair of greylag geese, Anser anser Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Anseriformes Family: Anatidae Tribe: AnseriniVigors 1825 Genus: AnserBrisson, 1760 Type species Anas anser[1]Linnaeus, 1758 Species Anser albifrons Anser anser A. a. anser A. a. rubrirostr...

 

Nurcholish Madjid

Indonesian intellectual Nurcholish Madjid at a program in Jakarta in 1998 (white shirt from the left) Nurcholish Madjid (March 17, 1939 – August 29, 2005), in Indonesia affectionately known as Cak Nur, was a prominent Indonesian Muslim intellectual. Early in his academic career, Nurcholish was a leader in various student organizations. He soon became well known as a proponent for modernization within Islam. Throughout his career he continued to argue that for Islam to be victorious in the g...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!