Celâleddin Harzemşah (oyun)

Celalettin Harzem Şah
Celalettin Harzem Şah
YazarNamık Kemal
Ülke Türkiye
Orijinal dilTürkçe
TürTiyatro

Celalettin Harzem Şah, Namık Kemal'in kaleme aldığı 15 perdelik tarihi tiyatro oyunu.

Ağır bir üslupla kaleme alınmış olan bu eser yazarın söylemine göre oynanmak için değil okunmak için yazılmıştır.[1] Harzemşahlar Devleti’nin son hükümdarı Celâleddin Harezmşah’ın hayatını, kahramanlığını ve Moğollara karşı Türk-İslam dünyasını korumak için giriştiği mücadeleyi anlatır. Namık Kemal, tarihi olayların gelişiminden sapmaksızın kendi tasavvuruyla olayları ve kişileri işlemiş; Celal’e kahramanlık ve vatanla ilgili yüce duyguları yüklemiştir.[1]

Eserin Türk Edebiyatı açısından en önemli yönlerinden birisi önsözüdür. Namık Kemal, eserden ayrı olarak “Celâl Mukaddimesi” adıyla bir önsöz kaleme almıştır. Dil ve tiyatro hakkındaki görüşlerini belirttiği bu önsözde ustası kabul ettiği Victor Hugo’nun Cromwell önsözünden esinlenmiştir;[2] Önsözün sonunda eserin olay ve kişileri bizzat yazar tarafından eleştirilmektedir.

Namık Kemal, Celâleddin Harzemşah’ı 1874 yılında yazmış; piyes ilk olarak önsöz olmadan 1876 yılında, önsöz eklenerek ikinci baskısı ise 1897 yılında Kahire’de yapılmıştır.[1] Kitabın yeni harflerle baskısını Hüseyin Ayan hazırlamış, Hareket Yayınları tarafından 1969 yılında basılmıştır.

Konusu

Oyun, Ab-ı Sükûn adasında "şahane fakat eski" bir çadırda Celâlettin ile ilk eşi Neyyire arasında bir konuşma ile başlar. Herzamşahlar'dan Mehmet, bir Moğol ticaret kervanım yağma ettirince Cengiz ordularının saldırısına uğramış, yenilmiş, Hazer denizindeki bu adaya sığınmıştı. Ölümü üzerine yerine büyük oğlu Celâlettin Harzemşah geçti. Moğollarla savaşa giren, yenilgiye uğrayan, Hindistan'a kaçmak zorunda kalan, Sind nehrini geçerken de esir düşmemek için karısını ve oğlunu nehre atan, ancak on beş kişiyle kendisini kurtarabilen Celâlettin, Hindistan'da bir ordu topladı, Tebriz'e kadar geldi.

Kalenin hükümdarı Mihricihan adındaki kadın, Celâl'e âşık oldu, kaleyi teslim etti ve evlendiler. Moğollarlar savaşı sürdüren Celâlettin son yenilgisinde dağa kaçtı, dağda bir taş üzerinde otururken, Moğolların tarafına geçen komutanlarından birinin adamı eliyle öldürüldü, gömleğini kâğıt ve karısının parmağını kalem yaparak vasiyetnamesini yazdırdı.

Kocasının öldüğünü gören Mihricihan da kalbine bir hançer saplayarak orada can verdi.

Kaynakça

  1. ^ a b c "Kubilay Ünsal, Nâmık Kemal :Celaleddin Harzemşah,, Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt 15: Sayı 39, Yıl 2009". 8 Nisan 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 7 Nisan 2014. 
  2. ^ "Hacer Gülşen, Kara Bela Münsabetiyle Eleştirilen Bir Ekol:Namık Kemal, Turkish Studies Cilt 8/1 Kış 2013, Ankara" (PDF). 18 Nisan 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 7 Nisan 2014. 

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