Hiten

Hiten
(japanskaひてん)
TypRymdsond
OrganisationISAS (Institute of Space and Astronautical Science)
NSSDC-ID1990-007A[1]
Uppskjutning
UppskjutningsplatsUchinoura Space Center
Uppskjutning24 januari 1990, 11:46 UTC
UppskjutningsfarkostMu-3S-II (nr. 5)
Omloppsbana runt
Gick in i bana15 februari 1993
Förbiflygning av Månen
Datum18 mars 1990
Egenskaper
Massa197,4 kg

Hiten (japanska: ひてん), med den engelska namnet Celestial Maiden och före uppskjutning känd som MUSES-A, var en japansk rymdsond som sköts upp 24 januari 1990. Den var Japans första månsond och den första farkosten som skickades till månen sedan Sovjetunionen skickade sin sista sond i Lunaprogrammet, Luna 24 1976. Det var också den första månsond som skickades upp från något annat land än Sovjet eller USA.[2]

Uppdrag

Hiten skulle skickas ut i en bana med ett apogeum av 476 000 km, för att komma i en bana förbi månens. Uppskjutning lyckades mindre bra och apogeum hamnade endast på 290 000 km. [3] Teknikerna lyckades korrigera kursen och vid sondens första förbiflygning sände den ut en mindre sond i omloppsbana runt månen. Denna hade namnet Hagoromo (はごろも) och vägde 12 kg.[1] Den fick krångel med överföringen av data och kunde därmed inte utföra sitt uppdrag.

Hitens egentliga uppdrag upphörde i mars 1991 efter att ha utfört inbromsningar i jordatmosfären vid två på varandra följande apogeum.

I oktober 1991 skickades Hiten i omloppsbana runt månen för att mäta partiklar i det omdiskuterade Kordylewskimolnet. Sonden hittade inga ansamlingar, men utförde andra nyttiga partikelmätningar.[4]

Den 15 februari 1993 placerade Hiten i en permanent bana runt månen där den blev kvar tills den skickades att krascha mot månens yta den 10 april 1993, på 34,3oS 55,6oO, mellan kratrarna Stevinus och Furnerius.[2][5]

Referenser

Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från engelskspråkiga Wikipedia, 20 maj 2019.

Noter

  1. ^ [a b] 1990-007A ”NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive” (på engelska). NASA. https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id= 1990-007A. Läst 7 april 2020. 
  2. ^ [a b] ”Hiten/Hagoromo” (på engelska). NASA. https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/hiten-hagoromo/in-depth/. Läst 28 maj 2019. 
  3. ^ ”Hiten” (på engelska). NASA. http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1990-007A. Läst 28 maj 2019. 
  4. ^ Wickramasinghe Nalin Chandra, Wickramasinghe Janaki, Napier William (2009) (på engelska). Comets And The Origin Of Life. World Scientific. sid. 141. ISBN 978-98-14478-74-8 
  5. ^ Hall, James A., III (19 september 2015) (på engelska). Moons of the Solar System: From Giant Ganymede to Dainty Dactyl. Springer. sid. 267. ISBN 9-78-3319206-36-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=HgmVCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA267. Läst 28 maj 2019 

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